Online English Turkish and Multilingual Dictionary 20+ million words and idioms.

(Hukuk) yayın

Biz kitabının yayınlanmasını bekliyoruz. - We are expecting the publication of his book.

Kitabın yayınlanması yazarın doğum günü ile aynı zamana denk getirildi. - Publication of the book was timed to coincide with the author's birthday.

publicity

(Hukuk) tanıtım

Tom bir tanıtım dublörü olarak onu yaptı. - Tom did it as a publicity stunt.

Tanıtım konusunda endişelenmek zorunda değilsin. - You don't have to worry about publicity.

notary public

noter

public service broadcasting

(Avrupa Birliği) kamu düzeni

kamu spotu

public opinion survey

(Askeri) KAMU İŞLERİ: Milli Savunma Bakanlığının çeşitli unsurları tarafından genel halk meselelerine yöneltilmiş basın ve halkla ilişkiler faaliyetleri

(Politika, Siyaset) devlet yardımları

(Politika, Siyaset) kamusal önerge

public bond

(Ticaret) devlet tahvili

public bond

(Ticaret) kamu tahvili

public bus

halk otobüsü

public case

(Politika, Siyaset) kamu davası

public choice theory

(Ticaret) kamu tercihi teorisi

(Çevre) ferdi doz

(Ticaret) kamu kesimi tahvilleri

pab

(Bilgisayar) genel anahtar

public key

kamusal anahtar

public key

(Askeri,Ticaret) açık anahtar

public keys

(Bilgisayar) ortak anahtarlar

(Ticaret) kamu istikrazı

public loan

(Ticaret) devlet istikrazı

public loan

(Ticaret) kamu kredisi

public loan

(Ticaret) devlet kredisi

public memory

toplumsal hafıza

public moral

(Kanun) genel ahlak

public moral

(Kanun) ahlaki umumiye

public opinion

kamu

Kamu oyu dengesi kendi lehine kalır. - The balance of public opinion remains in his favor.

Kamuoyu değişmeye başladı. - Public opinion began to change.

public opinion poll

(Pisikoloji, Ruhbilim) kamuoyu araştırması

public opinion polls

kamuoyu yoklamaları

kamuoyu yoklaması

public panel

(Ticaret) halk paneli

(Politika, Siyaset) asayiş

public peace

(Politika, Siyaset) kamu düzeni

public place

(Turizm) umuma açık yer

(Eğitim) kamu politikaları

public security branch office

(Ticaret) amme nizamı

public pool

halka açık yüzme havuzu

public port

(Bilgisayar) genel bağlantı noktası

public price

(Ticaret) satış fiyatı

public price

(Ticaret) perakende fiyatı

public prosecutor

müddeiumumi

public queue

(Bilgisayar) genel sıra

kamusal sosyal yardım

(Ticaret) açık artırmayla satış

public sale

(Ticaret) aleni satış

public sale

(Ticaret) açık artırma veya eksiltme

public sale

(Ticaret) müzayede

asayiş şube müdürlüğü

public service vehicle

kamusal hizmet

(Ticaret) kamuya ait depo veya mağaza

public taw

(Kanun) amme hukuku

public use

kamu kullanımı

public wale

(Kanun) kamu yararı

public weal

(Kanun) kamu yararı

public works

kamu çalışmaları

public accounting

yetkili muhasebeci

public address system

hoperlör düzeni

public administration

kamu idaresi

public assistance

halka açık limitet şirket

public conveniences

halk tuvaleti

public corporation

kamu işletmesi

public corporation

public domain software

Plastik torba bir numaralı halk düşmanı haline gelmiştir. - The plastic bag has become public enemy number one.

public enterprise

kamu işletmesi

public enterprise

kamu teşebbüsü

public expenditure

public information

halkı uyarı

public institutions

kamu kuruluşları

public investment

Bu kasaba büyük bir halk kütüphanesiyle övünür. - This town boasts a large public library.

Mary halk kütüphanesinde bir yarı zamanlı bir iş aldı. - Mary took a part-time job at the public library.

public life

sosyal hayat

public limited company

halka açık şirket

public limited company

Onlar sadece kamuoyundan korktukları için projeye karşı çıkmadılar. - They didn't oppose the project just because they feared public opinion.

Kamuoyu yoklamaları hükümete olan güveni ölçen göstergelerdir. - Public opinion polls are barometers of confidence in the government.

public opinion poll

kamuoyu yoklaması

public ownership

kamu mülkiyeti

public participation administration

kamu ortaklığı idaresi

public presentation

public prosecutor

public securities

devlet tahvilleri

public servant

devlet memuru

Ben bir devlet memuruydum. - I was a public servant.

kamu hizmeti

Tom bütün hayatını kamu hizmetine adadı. - Tom devoted his whole life to public service.

public service corporation

devlet hizmeti

kamu hizmeti şirketi

public service vehicle

topluluk huzurunda konuşma

public spirited

yardımsever

public spirited

kamu yararına çalışan

public transportation

toplu taşıma

public utilities

kamu hizmet kuruluşları

bayındırlık hizmetleri

Kamu özrü, kamu tarziyesi

public joint stock company

sermayesi bölünmüş şirket

Public Affairs Office; public affairs officer

(Askeri) Halkla İlişkiler Ofisi; halkla ilişkiler subayı

public order (public peace)

kamu düzeni

English - English

Definition of public in English English dictionary

Funded by the government

Traded publicly via a stock market

Pertaining to the affairs or official affairs of all people, not just those of a private group; contrasted with private

The people in general, regardless of membership of any particular group

Bush and Blair stand condemned by their own publics and face imminent political extinction.

Open to all

{a} open, notorious, common, general

{n} the body of a nation, an open view

You can refer to a set of people in a country who share a common interest, activity, or characteristic as a particular kind of public. Market research showed that 93% of the viewing public wanted a hit film channel

If someone is a public figure or in public life, many people know who they are because they are often mentioned in newspapers and on television. I'd like to see more women in public life, especially Parliament

a body of people sharing some common interest; "the reading public" affecting the people or community as a whole; "community leaders"; "community interests"; "the public welfare" not private; open to or concerning the people as a whole; "the public good"; "public libraries"; "public funds"; "public parks"; "a public scandal"; "public gardens"; "performers and members of royal families are public figures

A Java(TM) programming language keyword used in a method or variable declaration It signifies that the method or variable can be accessed by elements residing in other classes

to wash your dirty linen in public: see dirty. notary public Public Broadcasting Service Committee of Public Safety public debt National Public Radio New York Public Library public health public house public relations public school public utility Public Works Administration Public Works of Art Project

On a public list, who and which information is available to other subscribers Anyone can use the archive commands index and get

people in general considered as a whole; "he is a hero in the eyes of the public"

Of or pertaining to the people; belonging to the people; relating to, or affecting, a nation, state, or community; opposed to private; as, the public treasury

Open to common or general use; as, a public road; a public house

The public keyword is a visibility modifier that can be applied to classes and interfaces and to the method and field variables of classes and interfaces A public class or interface is visible everywhere A non-public class or interface is visible only within its package A public method or variable is visible everywhere its class is visible When none of the private, protected or public modifiers is specified, a field is visible only within the package of which its class is a part

Open to the knowledge or view of all; general; common; notorious; as, public report; public scandal

Public is used to describe statements, actions, and events that are made or done in such a way that any member of the public can see them or be aware of them. The National Heritage Committee has conducted a public inquiry to find the answer The comments were the ministry's first detailed public statement on the subject + publicly pub·lic·ly He never spoke publicly about the affair

Any contractor, subcontractor, Government official, or other individual who does not require access to information (classified or unclassified) in furtherance of the performance of the classified contract under which the information was provided to the contractor

not private; open to or concerning the people as a whole; "the public good"; "public libraries"; "public funds"; "public parks"; "a public scandal"; "public gardens"; "performers and members of royal families are public figures

As defined by the NCP includes citizens directly affected by a site, other interested citizens or parties, organized groups, elected officials, and potentially responsible parties

{s} open to all people, freely accessible; pertaining to an entire population; general, universal

Traded publically via a stock market

Any group that has an actual or potential interest in or impact on an organization's ability to achieve its objectives

A public place is one where people can go about freely and where you can easily be seen and heard. the heavily congested public areas of international airports I avoid working in places which are too public. private

Indicates that the response MAY be cached by any cache, even if it would normally be non-cacheable or cacheable only within a non- shared cache (See also Authorization, section 14 8, for additional details )

Public means that everyone, including guest readers, can read the book

A public house; an inn

Public means relating to all the people in a country or community. The President is attempting to drum up public support for his economic program

Pertaining to a class member that is accessible to all functions Contrast with private, protected

Members which are accessible throughout the program

the entire population of a province, including all organizations, companies, and groups

Java keyword to specify unrestricted access to variables methods and classes

affecting the people or community as a whole; "community leaders"; "community interests"; "the public welfare"

{i} place that is accessible to the general population; population as a whole, populace; community, group of people with common interests or qualities

Online Access to your information will be available to any requestor

Anyone with Internet access but is not registered as a User

In trade parlance, non-professional speculators as distinguished from hedgers and professional speculators or traders

specifies that the method can be accessed by any SCL program

If a fact is made public or becomes public, it becomes known to everyone rather than being kept secret. Blair wants any new evidence on IRA pub bombs made public

1 the keyword indicating that a method or variable is part of the public interface of a class and can be referred to by any other classes methods

Public means relating to the government or state, or things that are done for the people by the state. The social services account for a substantial part of public spending. = government, state + publicly pub·lic·ly publicly funded legal services

a body of people sharing some common interest; "the reading public"

If a company goes public, it starts selling its shares on the stock exchange. In 1951 AC went public, having achieved an average annual profit of more than £50,000

A member available outside the class, that is inherited by subclasses (everything is public in ecma)

A Java keyword An interface, class, method, field, or constructor declared public is visible everywhere

A JavaTM programming language keyword used in a method or variable declaration It signifies that the method or variable can be accessed by elements residing in other classes

If someone is in the public eye, many people know who they are, because they are famous or because they are often mentioned on television or in the newspapers. One expects people in the public eye to conduct their personal lives with a certain decorum

roads or highways Fuel transportation vehicle includes, but is not limited to, a transport truck and a tank wagon Fuel transportation vehicle does not include a vehicle transporting a nurse tank or limited volume auxiliary-mounted supply tank used for fueling an implement of husbandry

You can refer to people in general, or to all the people in a particular country or community, as the public. Lauderdale House is now open to the public Pure alcohol is not for sale to the general public Trade unions are regarding the poll as a test of the public's confidence in the government

The general body of mankind, or of a nation, state, or community; the people, indefinitely; as, the American public; also, a particular body or aggregation of people; as, an author's public

Public buildings and services are provided for everyone to use. The new museum must be accessible by public transport. a public health service available to all. private

Variables declared using the Public Statement are visible to all procedures in all modules in all applications

means open to common use, regardless of whether there is public ownership

If you say or do something in public, you say or do it when a group of people are present. By-laws are to make it illegal to smoke in public

A list where the name of the list is available to the public

the entire population of British Columbia, including all organizations, companies, and groups

pub

He is used to speaking in public. - He's used to speaking in public.

They didn't oppose the project just because they feared public opinion. - They did not oppose the project just because they feared public opinion.

Public Health Service

The Public Health Service is a major division of the Department of Health and Human Services dedicated to promoting the public health of the United States

Public Health Service Commissioned Corps

The Public Health Service Commissioned Corps is the uniformed service of the Public Health Service and organized under the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS). The Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (PHS Corps) is one of the seven United States Uniformed Services. The Surgeon General of the United States, a vice admiral, directs the PHS Corps, which provides licensed medical and health sciences professionals to the PHS, DHHS, other United States Uniformed Services and other government agencies

public access

A shortened form of the term public access television

public access

Media production technology and distribution methods made available to community producers and viewers, allowing them to participate in the local, national, and global electronic common areas that include, but are not limited to television, radio and the internet

public access television

A segment of the PEG (short for public, educational, and government access) television model of local cable television production. It provides training and access to media production technology and distribution methods so that community producers and viewers may participate

public address system

An electronic voice-amplification apparatus used for broadcasting in public areas

public authorities

The whole of such public authorities, the governmental administration in the widest sense

public authorities

the plural of public authority

public authority

Any authority which has a legal mandate to govern, administrate a part or aspect of public life, such as all branches of the executive power of a state, province, municipality etc

public authority

In a wider sense also various chartered organisations holding their authority from the above without being run by public officials

The feature of intellectual property being not protected under patent or copyright, i.e. no person or other legal entity can establish proprietary interests

This book is in public domain.

Open land such as unowned prairie in the western and southwestern United States. Space not subject to a land patent

Not subject to any copyright or patent restrictions

Information about a subject which is accessible to anyone

There is very little information about the treaty which is in the public domain..

public enemies

plural form of public enemy

public enemy

A criminal widely regarded as dangerous or antisocial

A famous person whose life is the subject of public interest

public figures

plural form of public figure

public finance

a field of economics concerned with paying for collective or governmental activities, and with the administration and design of those activities

a good that is non-rivalrous and non-excludable

The general welfare of the people; the best interests of the community

public health

The science and practice of community hygiene; includes preventive medicine, health education, sanitation and environmental safety

public holiday

A national or regional holiday from work on a specific day, usually for cultural reasons or celebrations

public holidays

plural form of public holiday

An establishment licensed to sell alcoholic beverages to be consumed on or off the premises; they often provide meals and sometimes accommodation

The criminal offence of being drunk in a public place

common good

public intoxication

People despise you if they find out you have been attested for public intoxication.

public key

The public one of the two keys used in asymmetric cryptography

public key certificate

a certificate which uses a digital signature to bind together a public key with an identity — used to verify that a public key belongs to an individual

public key cryptography

The subfield of cryptography in which all information used to encode a message is assumed to be publicly available

public keys

plural form of public key

public law

A category of law governing the relationship between the state on one hand and persons (citizens or legal persons including corporations) on the other. Constitutional law, administrative law and criminal law are some of the major subdivisions of public law

public library

A library provided essentially as a public service, financed largely out of public money, open with few restrictions to the population of a given area for a small payment or no payment

public life

The aspects of social life which are (happening in) public, in the open, as opposed to more private social interaction within families, private clubs etc

public limited companies

plural form of public limited company

public limited company

A publicly traded limited liability company in the United Kingdom and some other jurisdictions

public office

A position or occupation established by law or by the act of a government body, for the purpose of exercising the authority of the government in the service of the public

public officer

One who holds public office; an official or employee of the government

public officers

plural form of public officer

public offices

plural form of public office

public opinion

The opinion of the public, the popular view

public opinions

plural form of public opinion

Being a matter of public record (see above); being in the public record

The set of policies (laws, plans, actions, behaviors) of a government. (Since governments claim authority and responsibility (to varying degrees) over a large group of individuals, they see fit to establish plans and methods of action that will govern that society.)

In Johnson v. Superior Court, the California Court of Appeal determined that a provision of a contract limiting the discovery of the identity of a sperm donor was against public policy and that the privacy interest did not protect against disclosure of this information. Although the court's analysis of the public policy exception to the enforcement of contracts was unnecessary, the opinion properly balances California's and petitioners' interests against an anonymous donor's privacy right..

public property

Property, assets or information directly owned by or under the control of the state

public record

public record

Information that has been filed with or recorded by a government agency

Political donations are a matter of public record; your vote is private, but anyone can see how you donate.

public relations

Communication by a person or an organization with the purpose of creating a favorable public image; commonly referred to as PR

public school

A publicly administered school

public school

A fee-charging private or independent school

public schools

plural form of public school

public sector

Industries or services provided or funded by the government

public sector

Of or relating to industries or services provided or funded by the government

public sectors

plural form of public sector

public servant

A person employed by the government

public servant

In the days when Australia was a penal colony: a convict assigned to work on public projects

A service, usually provided by the government, for the general public or its specific section

plural form of public service

A service asserted to be for the public good provided by a for-profit enterprise or trade association

This has been a public service announcement from the Advertising Council.

public services

public speaking

speaking to a group of people in a structured manner; oratory

public transport

Any form of transport that can be used by a member of public (for a fee); as opposed to private ownership of e.g. cars

public works

Technical projects, often construction or engineering, carried out by the government on behalf of the community

public-house

Alternative spelling of public house

public-intoxication

Attributive form of public intoxication

public-intoxication arrest.

public-law

Attributive form of public law

public-law expert.

public-relations

public relations

public-school

Attributive form of public school

public-school student.

public-sector

Alternative spelling of public sector

public-spirited

Having personal motivation toward the betterment of the public

public consultation

Public consultation, or simply consultation, is a regulatory process by which the public's input on matters affecting them is sought. Its main goals are in improving the efficiency, transparency and public involvement in large-scale projects or laws and policies. It usually involves notification (to publicise the matter to be consuled on), consultation (a two-way flow of information and opinion exchange) as well as participation (involving interest groups in the drafting of policy or legislation)

The act of publishing printed or other matter

An issue of printed or other matter, offered for sale or distribution

The communication of information to the general public etc

Public attention and scrutiny

{n} publishing, edition, work

Public service

kamu hizmeti

public eye

public eye

A focus of public attention

Public Enemy

{i} American rap music group

issues of concern to the public

The process of communicating an organisation's point of view on issues or causes to political audiences such as MPs and lobbying groups

events and questions, especially political ones, which have an effect on most people

debt of a country, national debt

Those public information, command information, and community relations activities directed toward both the external and internal publics with interest in the Department of Defense PA activities expedite the flow of accurate and timely information to the internal audience (the SJFHQ and the JTF) and the external audience (the public) Increasing availability of this information to these audiences may have a significant effect on national will, political direction, and national security objectives and policy PA activities will not be used in support of military deception capability or to provide disinformation to either audience

public body

Most frequently, this term refers to units of state and local government, or entities established by state and local governments R

public body

Any State, territory, or possession of the United States, any political subdivision thereof, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and any agency or instrumentality of any of the foregoing, any Indian tribe, or any agency of the Federal Government (Refers to donations instead of destruction or ultimate disposal; see Chapter 6, Donations, Loans, or Exchanges; Chapter 8, Abandonment or Destruction; and Chapter 9, Disposal of Foreign Excess Personal Property )

public body

The state of Washington or any state agency, county, city, or town, conservation district, special purpose district, and tribe

public debt

the total of the nation's debts: debts of local and state and national governments; an indicator of how much public spending is financed by borrowing instead of taxation

public debt

public defender

a lawyer who represents indigent defendants at public expense

public defender

lawyer chosen by the court to defend an accused person who cannot pay for a private lawyer in a criminal case

public defender

A public defender is a lawyer who is employed by a city or county to represent people who are accused of crimes but cannot afford to pay for a lawyer themselves. An attorney or a staff of attorneys, usually publicly appointed, having responsibility for the defense of those unable to afford or obtain legal assistance. a lawyer who is paid by the government to defend people in court, because they cannot pay for a lawyer themselves district attorney

public discussion

discussion that is open to the public, discussion that takes place in a public place

public discussion

free and open discussion of (or debate on) some question of public interest; "such a proposal deserves thorough public discussion

property rights that are held by the public at large

land owned by a government

The territory ceded to the Federal government by the original thirteen states, plus additions by treaty, cession, purchase and theft

These are things that are available to the public at no charge because their copyrights, trademarks or patents have expired or somehow, been nullified This may include information on government sites This does not include information that is publicly visible on private or commercial websites Just because it's there, does not mean you may copy it for your own site or publications without permission from the copyright holder

A kind of software which is made freely available, with no copyright restrictions, by the developer In the early days of computers, most software developed was put into the "public domain", as different programmers would develop some utility they considered useful, and make it freely available to others, with the assumption that others would reciprocate Related concepts are freeware and open source

Implies that the source code for a software product can be freely distributed and modified Oftentimes, a notice must be retained in the product indicating that the original source code was public domain, and, in some cases, cannot be sold for profit The author of the code also generally requests that his name be carried around in any modified code

A work is said to be in the public domain if it is not protected by copyright, or if the copyright for it has expired

Land owned by the government and belonging to the community at large

If information is in the public domain, it is not secret and can be used or discussed by anyone. It is outrageous that the figures are not in the public domain. something that is in the public domain is available for anyone to have or use

Information or software freely available to the public Could be freeware, shareware, or donationware

The territory ceded to the Federal government by the original thirteen states, plus additions by treaty cession, and purchase

Any work that is not covered by copyright registration is considered to be in the public domain This includes works created before 1922, created for public use, or those works that have over the years fallen into public domain because the copyright expired This includes documents of the United States government, unless stated otherwise

Computer software on which no copyright exists (usually by a specific statement to that effect by the author), and which may be freely used and distributed

any work that is not copyright protected is considered to be in the "public domain", and includes materials created prior to 1922, works created for public use, government documents unless otherwise specified, and works whose copyright has expired

Any material that can be freely used by the public, and does not come under the protection of a copyright, trademark, or patent

The territory ceded to the Federal government by the original thirteen states, plus additions by treaty, cession, and purchase

Not copyrighted, either because it never was or because the copyright has expired or lapsed; public domain material can be used without attribution or permission, though good writing practice means making a note of sources

The status of a particular graphic, writing or software wherein the item is legally and morally within the right for anyone to use by virtue of source declaration, limited license or a particular degree of conversion whereby the item was made legally different from the original Public domain software is typically called "freeware" (See also: clip art)

Works which are no longer owned by anyone because the creator has been dead a certain amount of time and, therefore, the work is no longer protected by copyright law (Unit 8> Giving Credit Where Credit is Due)

Software which has been entered into the public domain The author has given up all rights to the software You may sell it, modify it, redistribute it, burn it, and so on You can do anything you want to the software (except copyright it, since it is "PD") Once software has entered the public domain, it cannot go back It is forever free HOWEVER, if a new version is released (updates, etc ), then the status may be changed A simple change in something like the name or author may not be enough, but changes or upgrades in functionality usually are This type of software is usually the only type in which the author gives up his or her rights For the other types of software here, the author usually retains full rights, including copyright, unless otherwise noted by the author

public land; lands that belong to the government; creative works that are available for public use because they are not copyrighted or patented

A term which is often used to refer to computer software for which the author has released rights to the general public Such software may be used freely without licensing or fees See also: shareware

Of all the kinds of software or information you can download, public domain had the fewest strings attached With public domain downloads, there are no copyright restrictions whatsoever

Software that you can use freely, distribute freely, and modify in any way you wish

Information in the public domain is open for free use by the public, so public domain software can be copied, modified and redistributed free of charge and restriction Other information can also be in the public domain, such as books, music and documentation

Software that is free to be used, distributed or modified It has been given up to the public free of copyright infringement

Intellectual property, including software, Web documents, images etc that are not protected by copyright or patent regulations and are freely available for use by anyone

public enemy

{i} person who poses a threat to the public

A famous person whose life and behavior are the focus of intense public interest and scrutiny

person well known to the public

a well-known or notable person; "they studied all the great names in the history of France"; "she is an important figure in modern music"

a good, such as national defense, that costs little or nothing for an extra individual to enjoy, and the costs of preventing any individual from the enjoyment of which are high; public goods have the properties of nonrivalrous consumption and nonexcludability

a good, such as national defense, that costs little or nothing for an extra individual to enjoy and the costs of preventing any individual from the enjoyment of which are high; public goods have the properties of nonrivalrous consumption and nonexcludability

a good or service that has the characteristics of non-rivalry in consumption and non-excludability (chapter 15)

A good or service whose benefits may be provided to a group at no more cost than that required to provide it for one person The benefits of the good are indivisible and individuals cannot be excluded For example, a public health measure that eradicates smallpox protects all, not just those paying for the vaccination

A good with a low excludability and high substractability factor

Those goods whose benefits are available to everyone and from which no one can be excluded, and no one can fully appropriate the benefits

Freely accessible good which users do not compete with one another to consume Thus, nobody can appropriate the air, and consumption by one user does not impede consumption by others

A good that is both nonexcludable and nonrival A good is nonexcludable if it is not possible to prevent anyone from consuming the good once it has been made available to the public A good is nonrival if one person's consumption of that good does not reduce the quantity available for consumption by someone else

A good (or a service) that will not be produced and delivered if we rely solely on the free market These are called public goods by economists because they are consumed by the public, and their use cannot be restricted to the benefit of a single buyer or group of buyers Economists call this characteristic "non-excludability " There is no way to produce a public good without producing a value to society at large This in turn makes it all the more unlikely that an individual would pay out of his own pocket to see that the good is produced

The general services provided by government that are indispensable to the existence of an organised state and cannot be allocated to particular groups or beneficiaries

a product whose benefits cannot be restricted to certain individuals

Good with properties of being nonrival in consumption (one person's usage of it does not diminish another's ability to use it) and non exclusive (no one can be excluded from using it) such as national defense

a good which, once provided to one user, must be provided in the same amount to all users due to its non-rival and non-excludable nature [GBA]

- goods that may be enjoyed by any number of people without affecting other peoples' enjoyment For example, an aesthetic view is a pure public good No matter how many people enjoy the view, others can also enjoy it

Public goods are goods that would not be provided in a pure free-market system This is because they are goods that display two particular characteristics: Non-rivalry - consumption by one person does not reduce the amount available for others Non-excludability - once the good is provided it is impossible to stop people consuming it even if they haven't paid An example of this is defence It is impossible to charge people for defence as they consume it as the whole country is being defended at once Also one person being defended does not stop others being defended

"Public goods" are goods or services that cannot be withheld from customers who refuse to pay for them (nonexclusion), where the consumption of products or services by one person does not reduce its usefulness to others Examples include national defense, street lighting, flood control, public safety, and fire protection in a crowded neighborhood See also "private goods "

A good which can only be supplied to all if it is supplied to one and the availability of which is not diminished by any one consumer's use of it

benefit that can be enjoyed by other people, even if they did not pay for the benefit There is no way to exclude someone from benefitting from a public good

These are a type of common resource with a special feature, namely the impossibility of dividing the resource up into separate parts The obvious example is air Not only is the air not formally owned, but it cannot be partitioned The air you breathe is the same air I breathe (Jacobs, M 1993)

Goods characterized by very low levels of subtractibility and excludability, by contrast with Private goods above Low subtractability implies that a good is available to all consumers at the same time, and consumption by one consumer does not use up or reduce the supply available for another consumer Low excludability implies that if a good is provided to a consumer in a defined region then other consumers in that region cannot be easily excluded from consuming the same good An example of a pure public good is national security, which is available to all citizens of a country simultaneously Several other goods are quasi-public, having low levels of subtractibility and excludability Public goods are generally provided under public ownership, although several can be provided, through contract and regulation, under private ownership

tavern consisting of a building with a bar and public rooms; often provides light meals

pub, tavern, bar, meeting place where alcoholic drinks are served

A public house is the same as a pub. A place, such as a tavern or bar, that is licensed to sell alcoholic beverages. a pub. or pub Establishment that serves alcoholic beverages for consumption on the premises, especially in Britain. Under English common law, inns and taverns were declared public houses responsible for the well-being of travelers. They were expected to receive all travelers in reasonable condition who were willing to pay for food, drink, and lodging. In Tudor England, certain innkeepers were obliged by royal act to maintain stables; others served as unofficial postmasters. The early public houses were identified by simple signs that featured creatures such as lions, dolphins, or swans. In the 18th century, the word Arms was added to many pub names to indicate that the establishment was under the protection of a noble family. Though British public houses were traditionally owned and operated by independent licensed proprietors, by the early 20th century many were owned or associated with brewery companies

public housing

Housing that is built, operated, and owned by a government and that is typically provided at nominal rent to the needy. in the US, houses or apartments built by the government for poor people

The notion that there is some kind of general interest of the community as a whole which can be affected by the actions of governments or private agents

Benefiting the general public, a large class of persons or the natural world Not something which only benefits one person or a small number of people at the expense of the general public or our environment

good of the general population, good of the community