fight

Английский Язык - Турецкий язык

Определение fight в Английский Язык Турецкий язык словарь

dövüşmek

Tom seninle dövüşmek zorunda kalmak istemiyor. - Tom doesn't want to have to fight you.

Gerçekten hiç dövüşmek istemiyordu. - He did not really want to fight at all.

kavga etmek

Tom kavga etmek istemiyor. - Tom doesn't want to fight.

Seninle kavga etmek istemiyorum. - I don't want to fight you.

savaşmak

Amerikalıların sadece savaşmak için herhangi bir arzusu yoktu. - Americans simply had no desire to fight.

Büyük bir savaşçı güç yayar. O ölümüne savaşmak zorunda değildir. - A great warrior radiates strength. He doesn't have to fight to the death.

dövüş

Keşke onlar dövüşmeyi bıraksalar. - I wish they would stop fighting.

Tom seninle dövüşmeyecek kadar akıllıdır. - Tom knows better than to fight with you.

{i} mücâdele

Ben sonuna kadar mücadeleye niyet ediyorum. - I intend on fighting till the end.

Sonuna kadar mücadele edelim. - Let's fight to the last.

mücadele

Sonuna kadar mücadele edelim. - Let's fight to the last.

George, son zamanlarda üç saatlik mücadeleden sonra yakaladığı 30 paundluk bir levreği tanımlıyordu. - George was describing a 30 pound bass he'd caught recently after fighting it for three hours.

kavga

Tom'u kışkırtan kavgaları durdurmalısın. - You need to stop provoking fights with Tom.

Kavga, birçok tutuklamalarla sonuçlandı. - The fight resulted in several arrests.

{i} uğraşma

döğüşmek

İsyancı kuvvetler döğüşmek için hazırlandı. - Rebel forces prepared to fight.

Döğüşmekten başka seçeneğimiz yoktu. - We had no alternative but to fight.

Mark Twain tarafından söylenmiş sevdiğim sözlerden biri Döğüşte köpeğin büyüklüğü önemli değil, köpekteki döğüşün büyüklüğü önemlidir. - One of my favorite quotes by Mark Twain is, It's not the size of the dog in the fight, it's the size of the fight in the dog.

Tom ve Mary her zaman döğüşüyor gibi görünüyorlar. - Tom and Mary seem to be fighting all the time.

çarpışmak

kapışmak

savaşım

Ben kendi savaşımı veriyorum. - I fight my own battles.

savaş

Amerikan Donanması savaşmaya hazırdı. - The American Navy was ready to fight.

Malzemeler olmadan, onun ordusu çok uzun savaşamadı. - Without supplies, his army could not fight very long.

-e karşı savaşım vermek

{f} (fought)

{f} savaş vermek

muharebe

defetmek

{f} uğraşmak

fight it out mücadele yoluyla hesabını görmek

{i} dalaş

savaş veya mücadele eğilimi

fight off püskürtmek

{i} anlaşmazlık

{f} mücâdele etmek

Tom mücadele etmek için hazırdır. - Tom is ready to fight.

Artık mücadele etmek istemiyordu. - She didn't want to fight no more.

{i} karşılaşma

{i} çekişme

{f} savunmak

Tom ve Mary hep kavga ediyorlardı. - Tom and Mary were always fighting.

Neden kavga ettiklerini bilmiyorum. - I don't know why they are fighting.

fight off

(Fiili Deyim ) def etmek , püskürtmek

Bu diğer kadına karşı savaşmak zorundasın. - You have to fight against this other woman.

Herkes AIDS'e karşı savaşmak için birleşmelidir. - Everybody must unite to fight against AIDS.

fight against corruption

yolsuzlukla mücadele

fight against crime

(Politika, Siyaset) suçla mücadele

fight against terrorism

(Askeri) terörizmle mücadele

fight like kilkenny cats

(deyim) kapışmak

fight against time

zamana karşı yarışmak

fight tooth and nail

canını dişine takarak mücadele etmek

fight verbally

ağız kavgası yap

fight off

Fight someone/something off: Püskürtmek, yenmek, savmak

fight against a disease

hastalıkla mücadele etmek

fight between members of a family

Bir ailenin üyeleri arasında kavga

fight fire with fire

Ateşe ateşle müdahele etmek

fight for someone hammer and tongs

(deyim) Biri için olanca gücüyle mücadele vermek

fight for something hammer and tongs

(deyim) Bir şey için olanca gücüyle mücadele vermek

fight over

bir şey için kavga etmek

fight sb

püskürtmek, yenmek, savmak

fight something out

(deyim) Bir şeyin mücadelesini/kavgasını vermek

fight a loosing battle

(deyim) şartlar karşı olduğu için fazla şansı olmadan çok çalışmak

fight a losing battle against

ümitsizce savaşmak

fight a losing battle against

akıntıya kürek çekmek

fight a war

savaş yapmak

fight againist organized crime

örgütlü suçlarla mücadele

fight against

karşı savaşmak

Herkes AIDS'e karşı savaşmak için birleşmelidir. - Everybody must unite to fight against AIDS.

Bu diğer kadına karşı savaşmak zorundasın. - You have to fight against this other woman.

fight against aids

(Politika, Siyaset) aıdsle mücadele

fight against difficulties

zorluklarla mücadele etmek

fight against money laundering

(Politika, Siyaset) kara para aklamayla mücadele

fight against racism

ırkçılıkla mücadele etmek

fight back

karşı koymak

Karşı koymak zorundasın. - You've got to fight back.

Karşı koymak için tereddüt etmeyeceğiz. - We won't hesitate to fight back.

fight hand to hand

(deyim) göğüs göğse çarpışmak

fight hand to hand

(deyim) yakın dövüşmek

fight information region

(Politika, Siyaset) fir hattı

fight it out

(deyim) sonuna kadar mucadele etmek

fight like cat and dog

(deyim) kedi köpek gibi dalaşmak

fight like cats and dogs

(deyim) kedi köpek gibi dalaşmak

fight off

(deyim) fight someone/something off puskurtmek,yenmek,savmak

fight off the infection

enfeksiyon gidermek

fight shy of

(deyim) fight shy of (doing) sth. bir şeyden kaçınmak

fight the corruption

(Ticaret) yolsuzlukla mücadele etmek

fight to a standstill

(deyim) yorulana kadar mücadele etmek

fight to a standstill

(deyim) tükenene kadar savaşmak

yeldeğirmenlerine karşı savaşmak

fight windmills

don kişotluk yapmak

fight with stones and rods

taşlı sopalı kavga

fight with stones and sticks

taşlı sopalı kavga

fire fight

(Askeri) ateş muharebesi

fire fight

silahlı kavga

fire fight

(Askeri) ATEŞ MUHAREBESİ: Düşman birlikler arasında karşılıklı ateş teatisi. Ateş muharebesi; taarruzun, genellikle, yaklaşma yürüyüşü ve yayılmayı takip eden hücumdan önce gelen safhasıdır

fighting

{s} savaşan

fighting

savaşçı

O hayatının çoğunu düşmanlarıyla savaşarak harcamış cesur bir savaşçıydı. - He was a brave warrior who had spent most of his life fighting his enemies.

fought

savaş

Birlik askerleri şiddetle savaştı. - The Union soldiers fought fiercely.

Tom bütün gücüyle savaştı. - Tom fought with all his might.

Anne dövüşen çocukları ayırdı. - The mother separated the fighting children.

Bu, elinin biri arkanda bağlıyken biriyle dövüşmek gibidir. - This is like fighting someone with one arm tied behind your back.

Japonyanın savaş sırasında açlığa karşı sürekli bir mücadele verdiğini söyleyebiliriz. - We can say that Japan was fighting a constant battle against hunger during the war.

cat and dog fight

i dont have a dog in this fight

(deyim) Bu olayda/işte benim bir menfaatim yok

I dont have a dog in this fight.

to engage in a brawl; to fight or quarrel

bir arbedede girişme; savaşmak ya da kavga

wage war/a battle/a fight

(a) savaşmak

an uphill battle fight

(deyim) çok zor uğraşı

an uphill battle fight

(deyim) zor mücadele

be spoiling for a fight

(deyim) kavgaya susamak

be spoiling for a fight

(deyim) kavga aramak

break up the fight

kavga (edenleri) ayırmak

break up the fight

kavga ayırmak

break up the fight

kavga edenleri ayırmak

challenge to fight

{s} savaş

Sokaklarda savaş vardı. - There was fighting in the streets.

Japonyanın savaş sırasında açlığa karşı sürekli bir mücadele verdiğini söyleyebiliriz. - We can say that Japan was fighting a constant battle against hunger during the war.

fighting

savaşarak

O hayatının çoğunu düşmanlarıyla savaşarak harcamış cesur bir savaşçıydı. - He was a brave warrior who had spent most of his life fighting his enemies.

fighting

{s} mücâdeleye hazır

fighting

(Askeri) SAVAŞ: Taktik alanda, yapılan bir savaş içinde bilfiil çarpışmalar

fighting

{i} mücâdele

Japon ve Amerikan güçleri hâlâ acımasızca mücadele ediyorlardı. - Japanese and American forces were still fighting bitterly.

flight or fight response

(Pisikoloji, Ruhbilim) kaç-kavga et tepkisi

law to fight terrorism

(Kanun) terörle mücadele yasası

spoiling for a fight

kavgacı

spoiling for a fight

kavga arayan

spoiling for a fight

kavgaya susamış

street fight

(Askeri) sokak muharebesi

street fight

(Askeri) sokak çatışması

take place for an armed fight

çatışma çıkmak

the law to fight terrorism

(Kanun) terörle mücadele yasası

throw a fight

maçı satmak

top fight

(Sanat) tepe ışığı

turn into a fight

kavgaya dönüşmek

Английский Язык - Английский Язык

Определение fight в Английский Язык Английский Язык словарь: The will or ability to fight; To engage in combat with; to oppose physically, to contest with; A physical confrontation or combat between two or more people or groups; To conduct or engage in (battle, warfare etc.); A conflict, possibly nonphysical, with opposing ideas or forces; strife; An occasion of fighting; To contend in physical conflict, either singly or in war, battle etc; A boxing or martial arts match; To try to overpower; to fiercely counteract; To strive for; to campaign or contend for success; A battle between opposing armies; Fight is the desire or ability to keep fighting. I thought that we had a lot of fight in us; If you fight an emotion or desire, you try very hard not to feel it, show it, or act on it, but do not always succeed. I desperately fought the urge to giggle He fought with the urge to smoke one of the cigars he'd given up awhile ago He fought to be patient with her; Someone who is fighting for their life is making a great effort to stay alive, either when they are being physically attacked or when they are very ill. He is still fighting for his life in hospital; If you fight a case or a court action, you make a legal case against someone in a very determined way, or you put forward a defence when a legal case is made against you. Watkins sued the Army and fought his case in various courts for 10 years The newspaper is fighting a damages action brought by the actress; If you fight an election, you are a candidate in the election and try to win it. The former party treasurer helped raise almost £40 million to fight the election campaign; {n} a bettle, combat, duel, contest, dispute; {v} to contend in battle, war, engage, resist; be engaged in a fight; carry on a fight; "the tribesmen fought each other"; "Siblings are always fighting"; If one person fights with another, or fights them, they have an angry disagreement or quarrel. You can also say that two people fight. She was always arguing with him and fighting with him Gwendolen started fighting her teachers Mostly, they fight about paying bills. = quarrel, argue Fight is also a noun. We think maybe he took off because he had a big fight with his dad the night before; If an army or group fights a battle with another army or group, they oppose each other with weapons. You can also say that two armies or groups fight a battle. The two men fought a battle over land and water rights In the latest incident at the weekend police fought a gun battle with a gang which used hand grenades against them The Sioux had always fought other tribes for territorial rights; To cause to fight; to manage or maneuver in a fight; as, to fight cocks; to fight one's ship; To strive or contend for victory, with armies or in single combat; to attempt to defeat, subdue, or destroy an enemy, either by blows or weapons; to contend in arms; followed by with or against; If a person or army fights in a battle or a war, they take part in it. He fought in the war and was taken prisoner by the Americans If I were a young man I would sooner go to prison than fight for this country My father did leave his university to fight the Germans Last month rebels fought their way into the capital. see also dogfight + fighting fight·ing More than nine hundred people have died in the fighting; To contend with in battle; to war against; as, they fought the enemy in two pitched battles; the sloop fought the frigate for three hours; To struggle with a particular golfing flaw If all your poor shots are slices, you're said to be fighting a slice If all your misses are hooks, you're said to be fighting a hook If you miss all your short putts, you're said to be fighting a balky putter If your rounds resemble boxing matches, take up tennis; To fight means to take part in a boxing match. In a few hours' time one of the world's most famous boxers will be fighting in Britain for the first time I'd like to fight him because he's undefeated and I want to be the first man to beat him I'd like to fight him for the title; make a strenuous or labored effort; "She struggled for years to survive without welfare"; "He fought for breath"; Strength or disposition for fighting; pugnacity; as, he has a great deal of fight in him; If you fight your way to a place, you move towards it with great difficulty, for example because there are a lot of people or obstacles in your way. I fought my way into a carriage just before the doors closed = battle; a boxing match; "the fight was on television last night"; To carry on, or wage, as a conflict, or battle; to win or gain by struggle, as one's way; to sustain by fighting, as a cause; A battle; an engagement; a contest in arms; a combat; a violent conflict or struggle for victory, between individuals or between armies, ships, or navies, etc; fight against or resist strongly; "The senator said he would oppose the bill"; "Don't fight it!"; To combat, duel, battle; emphasis If you describe someone as fighting fit, you are emphasizing that they are very fit or healthy. After a good night's sleep I feel fighting fit again; If one person fights with another, or fights them, the two people hit or kick each other because they want to hurt each other. You can also say that two people fight. As a child she fought with her younger sister I did fight him, I punched him but it was like hitting a wall He wrenched the crutch from Jacob, who didn't fight him for it I refuse to act that way when my kids fight You get a lot of unruly drunks fighting each other. Fight is also a noun. He had had a fight with Smith and bloodied his nose; an intense verbal dispute; "a violent fight over the bill is expected in the Senate"; to fight a losing battle: see battle; {f} battle; combat; wrestle; advance through great effort; make a strenuous or labored effort; "She struggled for years to survive without welfare"; "He fought for breath; If you fight for something, you try in a determined way to get it or achieve it. Our Government should be fighting for an end to food subsidies I told him how we had fought to hold on to the company The team has fought its way to the cup final. Fight is also a noun. I too am committing myself to continue the fight for justice. = battle; a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war; "Grant won a decisive victory in the battle of Chickamauga"; "he lost his romantic ideas about war when he got into a real engagement"; You can use fight to refer to a contest such as an election or a sports match. the fight for power between the two parties. = contest; {i} battle, combat; wrestle; quarrel; boxing match; desire to do battle; A fight is a boxing match. The referee stopped the fight. = bout; A struggle or contest of any kind; a boxing match; "the fight was on television last night" the act of fighting; any contest or struggle; "a fight broke out at the hockey game"; "there was fighting in the streets"; "the unhappy couple got into a terrible scrap" an intense verbal dispute; "a violent fight over the bill is expected in the Senate" be engaged in a fight; carry on a fight; "the tribesmen fought each other"; "Siblings are always fighting" fight against or resist strongly; "The senator said he would oppose the bill"; "Don't fight it!" make a strenuous or labored effort; "She struggled for years to survive without welfare"; "He fought for breath; an aggressive willingness to compete; "the team was full of fight"; A screen for the combatants in ships; the act of fighting; any contest or struggle; "a fight broke out at the hockey game"; "there was fighting in the streets"; "the unhappy couple got into a terrible scrap"; exert oneself continuously, vigorously, or obtrusively to gain an end or engage in a crusade for a certain cause or person; be an advocate for; "The liberal party pushed for reforms"; "She is crusading for women's rights"; "The Dean is pushing for his favorite candidate"; To struggle with a fish after hooking it Fighting the fish will tire it out and make it easier to land; If you fight something unpleasant, you try in a determined way to prevent it or stop it happening. More units to fight forest fires are planned I've spent a lifetime fighting against racism and prejudice. Fight is also a noun. the fight against drug addiction; To act in opposition to anything; to struggle against; to contend; to strive; to make resistance
fight a losing battle: To continue to wage war when it is clear that one is not going to win
fight a losing battle: To try to do something so difficult that it will probably end in failure
The bus was oppressively warm and the air-conditioning was fighting a losing battle with the heat.
fight back: to defend oneself by fighting
fight back: to overturn a losing deficit
fight fire with fire: To respond to an attack with a similar or identical method
fight fires: To deal with urgent matters and minor emergencies rather than longer-term work
I spent all of Monday fighting fires and didn't get a single thing done on my project.
fight in armour: to make use of cundum. (1811 Dictionary of Vulgar Tongue)
fight off: To succeed in defeating a challenge, or an attack
The actor John Smith hopes to fight off the other nominees for the Golden Globe award.
fight off: To resist, particularly an infection or an emotion
I'm fighting off the 'flu' at the moment.
fight shy of: To avoid something
fight the good fight: To battle for a noble cause
fight the tape: To make a trade contrary to the overall tendency of prices, i.e., to buy when prices are generally falling or sell when prices are generally rising
I kept buying hoping the price would go up, but I eventually decided I was fighting the tape.
fight to the death: To take part in a battle in which the winner is the sole survivor
fight tooth and nail: To use every means possible to overcome a difficult opposition
The villagers fought tooth and nail to prevent the motorway being built through the local woodlands.
fight-or-flight reaction: (Psikoloji, Ruhbilim) A set of physiological changes, such as increases in heart rate, arterial blood pressure, and blood glucose, initiated by the sympathetic nervous system to mobilize body systems in response to stress
fight-or-flight response: The fight-or-flight response, also called hyperarousal or the acute stress response, was first described by Walter Cannon in 1915. His theory states that animals react to threats with a general discharge of the sympathetic nervous system, priming the animal for fighting or fleeing. This response was later recognized as the first stage of a general adaptation syndrome that regulates stress responses among vertebrates and other organisms
fight against: battle with, struggle with, wage war against
fight back: fight against or resist strongly; "The senator said he would oppose the bill"; "Don't fight it!"
fight back: If you fight back against someone or something that is attacking or harming you, you resist them actively or attack them. The teenage attackers fled when the two men fought back We should take some comfort from the ability of the judicial system to fight back against corruption
fight back: If you fight back an emotion or a desire, you try very hard not to feel it, show it, or act on it. She fought back the tears
fight back: defend oneself
fight down: fight: fight against or resist strongly; "The senator said he would oppose the bill"; "Don't fight it!"
fight for: battle for, struggle in favor of
fight off: force or drive back; "repel the attacker"; "fight off the onslaught"; "rebuff the attack"
fight off: drive back, ward off, repulse
fight off: If you fight off someone who has attacked you, you fight with them, and succeed in making them go away or stop attacking you. The woman fought off the attacker
fight off: If you fight off something, for example an illness or an unpleasant feeling, you succeed in getting rid of it and in not letting it overcome you. Unfortunately these drugs are quite toxic and hinder the body's ability to fight off infection All day she had fought off the impulse to telephone Harry. = resist
fight one's way: force one's way, push through
fight out: If two people or groups fight something out, they fight or argue until one of them wins. Instead of retaliating, he walks away leaving his team-mates to fight it out Malcolm continued to fight it out with Julien from his self-imposed exile in Paris
fight shy of: avoid, stay away from
fight something out: decide something through arguing, decide something through battle; do battle over something
fight to a finish: fight which continues till one of the combatants wins
fight to the death: battle in which the one who remains alive is the victor
fight together: bicker or argue with one another, physically fight one another, brawl
fight tooth and nail: fight hard, fight with everything one has
fight windmills: fight imaginary enemies
fire fight: a short gun battle, involving soldiers or the police
fist fight: a fight in which people hit each other with their bare fists
bitch fight: a fight between women and/or between gay men
fighting: A fight or battle; an occasion on which people fight
food fight: A typically spontaneous and disorderly outbreak in which food is thrown for amusement, especially across a cafeteria room, as a form of chaotic collective behavior
mud fight: A physical fight in which two (or more) opponents wrestle in mud or other dirt
mud fight: A dirty duel, involving verbal mudslinging
pillow fight: A play fight that involves hitting others with pillows
play fight: To engage in such a contest; to horseplay
play fight: An unrefereed contest in which participants try to dominate each other without inflicting injury
snowball fight: A scuffle or play fight whose object is to hit unallied participants with snowballs
water fight: An activity, usually involving children, where the participants use water balloons, guns and pistols to get each other wet
you can't fight city hall: Nothing can be done to change the situation, because it is a governmental decision
I see they're going to build the airport after all. I suppose you can't fight city hall.
chicken-fight: fight while sitting on somebody's shoulders
fought: Fought is the past tense and past participle of fight. Past tense and past participle of fight. the past tense and past participle of fight
fighting: {a} fit for or employed in war, brave
fought: {a} of to fight
have a dog in this fight: (deyim) To have a personal stake in an issue
bun fight: (British Slang) big or official tea party; formal party, dinner party; noisy or disordered gathering of people; small fight between a group of people; argument (Slang)
bun-fight: bunfight: (Briticism) a grand formal party on an important occasion
cock fight: an occasion when two male chickens are made to fight as a sport
cock fight: {i} contest between gamecocks armed with spurs
ding dong fight: loud fight or argument (British usage)
dog fight: fight between airplanes at close quarters; fight between dogs; fiercely disputed contest, rough fight
fair fight: just fight
fighting: present participle of fight
fighting: Qualified for war; fit for battle
fighting: the act of fighting; any contest or struggle; "a fight broke out at the hockey game"; "there was fighting in the streets"; "the unhappy couple got into a terrible scrap"
fighting: {s} militant, combative, warlike
fighting: apt to provoke a fight
fighting: when people or groups fight each other in a war, in the street etc fighting between
fighting: disposed to loud disagreements and fighting
fighting: engaged in war; "belligerent (or warring) nations"; "a fighting war"
fighting: a major penalty which occurs when two or more players drop their sticks and gloves and fight; if a referee deems one player to be the instigator, that player also receives a minor penalty and a misconduct penalty; the minor penalty for a less severe pushing and shoving match is called roughing
fighting: Often a result of territorial behaviour which becomes exaggerated when fish are stressed (particularly when overcrowded) Can be more pronounced in some species during breeding times Insufficient water velocity in tanks and ponds can also induce fighting (e g in some tilapia species) Fighting is particularly common in crustaceans when stressed In addition to leaving open wounds which are easy entry sites for pathogens, the loss of appendages can also lead to a reduction in the value of the animal In some larger crustaceans such as lobster, rubber bands can be put round the claws, which in addition to protecting the handler, also reduce damage caused during fights See also nipping
fighting: {i} combat, battle
fighting: Occupied in war; being the scene of a battle; as, a fighting field
fighting: engaged in or ready for military or naval operations; "on active duty"; "the platoon is combat-ready"; "review the fighting forces"
fighting: engaged in war or other conflict
fighting: An infraction that incurs a major penalty It's called when two or more players drop their sticks and gloves and begin fighting A player judged to be the instigator may get a game misconduct penalty
fights: plural of fight
fights: third-person singular of fight
fought: of Fight
fought: past of fight
free fight: fight ungoverned by rules
give a fight: fight against
got into a fight: became entangled in a quarrel, began a fight
knife fight: fighting with knives
ongoing fight: continuing struggle, current dispute
pillow fight: {i} game played by children and teenagers in which they throw pillows at each other
pillow fight: a child's game of fighting with pillows
prize fight: A prize fight is a boxing match where the boxers are paid to fight, especially one that is not official
prize fight: title fight, boxing match to determine championship rankings
proxy fight: a measure used by an acquirer to gain control of a takeover target; acquirer tries to persuade other shareholders that the management of the target should be replaced
put up a good fight: fight respectably, make a good effort in fighting
sea fight: An engagement between ships at sea; a naval battle
sea fight: battle at sea, combat on the ocean
show fight: show an aggressive tendency, show combative tendencies
start a fight: provoke an argument, cause a scuffle

fight

Турецкое произношение

fayt

Синонимы

action, affray, altercation, argument, battle, battle royal, bout, brawl, broil, brush, clash, combat, conflict, confrontation, contention

Антонимы

peace, agree, make peace, surrender, yield, believe, support, uphold

Произношение

/ˈfīt/ /ˈfaɪt/

Этимология

() From Middle English fighten, from Old English feohtan (“to fight”), from Proto-Germanic *fehtanan (“to fight”) (cf. West Frisian fjochtsje, Dutch vechten, German fechten), from Proto-Indo-European *peuk̑, *puk̑ (cf. Irish uigim ‘I stitch’, Latin pugnus ‘fist’, Tocharian B pyāk ‘to strike down, batter’, Albanian përpjek ‘I strike’, Ancient Greek πύξ (pyx, “with the fist”), πύκτης (pýktēs, “boxer”)).