guild

Определение guild в Английский Язык Английский Язык словарь: A group of tradespeople made up of merchants, craftspeople, or artisans, particularly in the Middle Ages; {n} a society, body, corporation, fraternity; a union of people in the same crafts such as bakers, merchants, etc; An association of men belonging to the same class, or engaged in kindred pursuits, formed for mutual aid and protection; a business fraternity or corporation; as, the Stationers' Guild; the Ironmongers' Guild; A group of people who have chosen to study a particular skill or area of interest Membership is usually open to anyone with interest; A religious association or society, organized for charitable purposes or for assistance in parish work; originating in the Middle Ages, an association of skilled craftsmen practicing a particular craft; An association of artists or craftspeople with similar interests; An organization chartered in one or more Kingdoms (or smaller geographical groups) to promote the study and practice of some particular Art or Science Some guilds establish titles for leaders and members, but usage varies widely; A medieval association of merchants and artisans created for protection, mutual aid, self-governance, and the regulation of occupations; an association of tradespeople made up of merchants, craftspeople, or artisans, particularly in the Middle Ages; a group of populations exploiting a common resource in a similar fashion; An association of men belonging to the same class, or engaged in related interests By the 11th century in Europe, an organization of merchants had begun to form guilds for mutual aid and protection They were originally licensed by a government, and granted special privileges and authority Examples of Medieval guilds are the Stationers' (booksellers) Guild, the Merchants’ Guild and the Ironmongers' (iron dealers) Guild to modern guilds such as the Screen Actors Guild; They were originally licensed by the government, and endowed with special privileges and authority; A group of individuals who practice a similar trade, skill, or craft as an organization; - a group of species that use the same resource in a similar way; A guildhall; the Town & Gown Theatre Guild, providing immeasurable support to Town & Gown Players for over a quarter of a century; Species similar in thier habitat needs as well as their response to habitat changes (e g , ovenbird and woodthrush) One species in a guild is often used to represent the others when developing a stewardship management plan; a group or association of kindred pursuits or having a common interest; a formal association of people with similar interests; "he joined a golf club"; "they formed a small lunch society"; "men from the fraternal order will staff the soup kitchen today"; {i} professional association; association for mutual aid and protection, fellowship, union, brotherhood; A guild is an organization of people who do the same job. the Writers' Guild of America. an organization of people who do the same job or have the same interests (gildi ). Association of craftsmen or merchants formed for mutual aid and for the advancement of their professional interests. Guilds flourished in Europe between the 11th and 16th century and were of two types: merchant guilds, including all the merchants of a particular town or city; and craft guilds, including all the craftsmen in a particular branch of industry (e.g., weavers, painters, goldsmiths). Their functions included establishing trade monopolies, setting standards for quality of goods, maintaining stable prices, and gaining leverage in local governments in order to further the interests of the guild. Craft guilds also established hierarchies of craftsmen based on level of training (e.g., masters, journeymen, and apprentices); An "informal" group of people that excel in a particular area of interest and regularly teach classes and hold workshops in this field to others Examples include: Brewers Guild, Illuminators Guild, Cooks Guild, Clothiers Guild, etc; An ecological association based on shared modes of life (e g , sessile filter-feeders) rather than evolutionary descent; A group of species that exploit the same class of environmental resources in a similar way; Organisations of artists or other tradesmen formed beginning in the Middle Ages As in today's unions, the guilds supervised work conditions, the number of apprentices, and materials used The guild was also an agent in providing materials for the artists to use, such as panels, that had to sometimes be stamped with the guild's seal before they could be used All artists were required to join a guild unless they were under direct orders of the ruler As time went on, the guilds were replaced with the academies, whose main function was teaching; (English) A professional association of skilled craftsmen, somewhat similar to a modern union Painters, sculptors, carpenters, retablo makers, metal-workers all had their own guilds in Spanish America One had to pass an exam to enter a guild, and membership was generally not open to indigenous artisans; (n ) tel, tehl
guild socialism: An English socialist doctrine of the early 20th century according to which industry would be owned by the state but managed by guilds of workers. Movement that called for workers' control of industry through a system of national guilds, organized internally on democratic lines, and state ownership of industry. It began in England in 1906 with publication of Arthur J. Penty's The Restoration of the Gild System and was organized into the National Guilds League in 1915. It reached its apex with the left-wing shop stewards' movement during World War I and, after the war, with building guilds that built houses for the state. Both movements collapsed after the economic slump of 1921, and the league was dissolved in 1925
guild socialism: a form of socialist theory advocating state ownership of industry but managements by guilds of workers
Directors Guild of America: large American professional organization for directors and producers in the film and television industry
Screen Actors' Guild: the full name of the SAG
Theatre Guild: U.S. theatrical society. Founded in New York City in 1918 by Lawrence Langner (1890-1962) and others, the group proposed to produce high-quality, noncommercial plays. Its board of directors shared responsibility for choice of plays, management, and production. After the premiere of George Bernard Shaw's Heartbreak House in 1920, the Guild became his U.S. agent and staged 15 of his plays. It also produced successful plays by Eugene O'Neill, Maxwell Anderson, and Robert Sherwood and featured actors such as the Lunts and Helen Hayes. It helped develop the American musical by staging Porgy and Bess (1935), Oklahoma! (1943), and Carousel (1945); it also produced the radio series Theatre Guild on the Air (1945-53) and presented plays on television
guilds: or Guild system (originally "gilds") Associations or corporations which originated in the Middle Ages The most important were the Merchant Guilds and later the Craft Guilds which in fact were legal monopolies whose members were granted the exclusive right to practice a specified trade or craft within defined local areas The Craft Guilds set wage rates, hours of work, apprenticeship terms and protected their privileges by holding membership below the demand for their services The Guild system disintegrated with the rise of free market (liberal) ideas and industries with which they were unable to compete AC 107
guilds: Medieval organizations of craftsmen or merchants that did things such as set standards of quality and terms and conditions of work, train workers, influence local authorities, and control competition
guilds: During the Middle Ages, craftsmen, artisans and merchants formed organizations that regulated most aspects of its members' businesses Guilds dictated the requirements for membership and controlled the training of apprentices as well as the quality and price of services or merchandise offered by its members Non-members were forbidden to practice their crafts and preferential treatment was often afforded to guild members By the end of the Middle Ages, guilds became extremely powerful, influencing the economic and political life of towns throughout Europe as well as international trade They often had their own patron saint and staged elaborate processions that both honoured their patrons and provided a form of medieval advertising Guild halls were often the political centre of towns and, at times, the statutes of guilds were adopted by the town as civic statutes
guilds: plural of guild