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William Pitt Fessenden

born Oct. 16, 1806, Boscawen, N.H., U.S. died Sept. 8, 1869, Portland, Maine U.S. politician. He practiced law in Maine before serving in the U.S. House of Representatives (1841-43) and Senate (1854-64, 1865-69). Originally a Whig, he opposed the extension of slavery to the territories, and he was one of the leaders of the movement that resulted in the formation of the Republican Party (1854). Despite his personal dislike for Pres. Andrew Johnson, he voted for acquittal in Johnson's Senate impeachment trial

William the Elder Pitt

later 1st earl of Chatham born Nov. 15, 1708, London, Eng. died May 11, 1778, Hayes, Kent British statesman and orator, twice virtual prime minister (1756-61, 1766-68). He entered Parliament in 1735 and provoked controversy with his maiden speech, which criticized the ministry of Robert Walpole. With the outbreak of the Seven Years' War, he was named secretary of state and became virtual prime minister. His leadership brought many British victories that greatly extended the British Empire. His wide popular appeal led to the nickname "the Great Commoner," though he was disliked by many in government for his high-handedness. He resigned in 1761 when the cabinet refused to declare war on Spain. Although ill with gout, he became a champion of liberty and spoke in favour of American colonial resistance to the Stamp Act. He formed another government in 1766, in which he served as lord privy seal, but he resigned in 1768 because of ill health. Widely mourned on his death in 1778, he was buried in Westminster Abbey

William the Younger Pitt

(1759-1806) British statesman and prime minister (1783-1801, 1804-06). The son of William Pitt, he entered Parliament in 1781 and served as chancellor of the Exchequer (1782-83). He was appointed prime minister in 1783 and undertook reforms that reduced the large national debt incurred by the American Revolution, reduced tariffs, placed the East India Co. under government control, and restructured the government in India. Forced into conflict with France by the French Revolutionary Wars, he formed a series of coalitions with European states against France (1793, 1798, 1805). Pitt responded to demands by radicals for parliamentary reform with repressive measures. In 1800 he secured the Act of Union with Ireland but resigned in 1801 when his proposal for Catholic emancipation was denied. His second term as premier (1804-06) was marked by the collapse of the Third Coalition after the Battles of Ulm and Austerlitz, the news of which weakened his already fragile health

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Wil·liam Pitt

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