vertical

Английский Язык - Турецкий язык

Определение vertical в Английский Язык Турецкий язык словарь

Dikey kayalıklardan uzak durun! o bağırdı. - Keep away from the vertical cliff! she shouted.

X ekseni yatay eksendir ve Y ekseni dikey eksendir. - The X-axis is the horizontal axis and the Y-axis is the vertical axis.

dik

Dikey kayalıklardan uzak durun! o bağırdı. - Keep away from the vertical cliff! she shouted.

Kağıt üzerinde bazı dikey çizgiler çizdi. - He drew some vertical lines on the paper.

{s} tepede olan

{i} dikey düzlem

(Tıp) vertlkal

amudi

şakuli

dikey düzlcm

{i} dikey çizgi

Mary dikey çizgili giysiler giymekten hoşlanır çünkü onların daha ince gösterdiğini duymuş. - Mary likes to wear clothes with vertical stripes, because she heard they make you look thinner.

Kağıt üzerinde bazı dikey çizgiler çizdi. - He drew some vertical lines on the paper.

ufuk düzlemine dikey olan büyük daire

tam tepede olan

{i} düşey doğru

{i} düşey düzlem

(Tıp) kafa tepesi ile ilgili

dikey düzlem/dikey çizgi

(Tıp) Dikey, verticalis

(Askeri) istikamet dümeni

vertical plane

dik düzlem

vertical redundancy check

düşey artıklık denetimi

vertical stabilizer

vertical (y) axis

dikey (y) ekseni

vertical angle

(Geometri) Ters Açı

vertical angles

düşey acıların

vertical angles

(Geometri) iki doğrunun kesişmesinde iç ters acılar

vertical boring mill

dikey torna tezgâhı

vertical cement kiln

dikey çimento fırınının

vertical component

düşey bileşen

vertical drain

düşey dren

vertical drainage

dikey drenaj, kuyu drenajı

vertical duct

(Teknoloji) dikey (dik) kanal

vertical frequency

vertical manufacturing

(İmalat) Dikey üretim

vertical migration

(Tekstil) Dikey migrasyon: Boya veya kimyasalın yerçekimi etkisiyle kumaş üzerinde dikey olarak göçü

vertical migration

dikey göç

vertical milling machine

dik freze makinesi

vertical motion

dikey hareket

vertical movement

düşey hareket, düşey devinim

vertical oscillator

düşey osilatör

vertical panning

tilt, düşey çevrinme

vertical polarization

düşey polarizasyon

vertical poster board

dikey poster pano

vertical pressure

düşey basınç

vertical projection

izdüşüm alanı

vertical redundancy check

düşey artiklik denetimi

vertical scanning

(Elektrik, Elektronik) (vertical synchronization) Dikey senkronizasyon

vertical synchronization

düşey senkronizasyon

vertical synchronization

(Elektrik, Elektronik) Dikey senkronizasyon

vertical takeoff

dikey kalkış

vertical tube boiler

yatay borulu kazan

vertical weld

düşey kaynak

vertical aerial photography

(Askeri) DÜŞEY HAVA FOTOĞRAFÇILIĞI: Bak "photography"

vertical air

(Askeri) dikey hava fotoğrafı

vertical air photograph

(Askeri) DİKEY HAVA FOTOĞRAFI: Kameranın optik ekseni yeryüzüne dik olarak çekilen hava fotoğrafı. Buna kısaca "vertıcal photograph" da denir. Ayrıca bak "oblique aerial photograph" ve "pinpoint photograph". VERTICAL AND/OR SHORT TAKE OFF AND LANDING: DİKEY VE/VEYA KISA MESAFEDE KALKIŞ VE İNİŞ: Bir uçağın dikey veya kısa mesafede kalkma ve inme kabiliyeti

vertical alignment

Düşey Hizalama

vertical and/or short takeoff and landing aircraft

(Askeri) dikey ve/veya kısa iniş ve kalkış yapan uçak

(Askeri) dikey yatış

vertical bank

(Askeri) DÜŞEY YATIŞ: Bir uçağın keskin bir dönüş yaparken kanat uçları aşağı ve yukarı gelecek şekilde diklemesine yana doğru yatışı

vertical bar

düşey çubuk

vertical base

(Askeri) düşey baz hattı

vertical base

(Askeri) DÜZEY BAZ HATTI: Bir gözetleme yerinin hedeften itibaren bilinen yüksekliği. Bu hat düşey baz hattı ile mevkii bulmada kullanılır

vertical base method

(Askeri) DÜŞEY BAZ HATTI USULÜ: İstikamet ve mesafeyi bulmak için, su seviyesindeki hedeflere karşı kıyı topçusu tarafından kullanılan usul istikamet açısı, görerek tayin edilir; mesafe ise hedefin üst tarafındaki bulunan gözcünün bilinen irtifası ile alçalış açısını kullanarak; gözcünün irtifası, yatay mesafe ve hedef mesafesinin teşkil ettiği dik üçgenin çözülmesiyle bulunur. Buna (vertical base system) de denir

vertical base system

(Askeri) DÜŞEY HATTI USULÜ: Bak "vertıcal base method"

vertical binding

Düşey ciltleme

vertical blanking

dikey karartma

vertical blanking

(Bilgisayar) düşey karartma

vertical blanking interval

dikey karartma araligi

dikey ya da düşey kazan

vertical boiler

dik kazan

vertical boring mill

dikey torna tezgahı

vertical conflict

(Ticaret) düşey çatışma

vertical conflict

dikey çatışma

vertical control

(Askeri) NİVELMAN ŞEBEKESİ: Bir kara veya deniz haritasının yapılmasında kullanılan ve yükseklikleri sıhhatli olarak bilinen coğrafi noktalar sistemi

vertical control operator

(Askeri) DİKEY PLANCI: Ateş idare merkezinde bulunan ve muhtelif bataryalar için, toprak açılarını, ayrıca lüzumunda bildirilecek, toprak açısı için uygun komutları tespit eden şahıs. Dikey plancının şeması, yatay plancınınkinin aynıdır ve her an yatay plancının görevini ifaya hazır bulunur. Ayrıca bak "horizontal control operator"

vertical coverage diagram

(Askeri) DÜŞEY RADAR SAHASI ŞEMASI, DÜŞEY RADAR DİYAGRAMI: Frekans, anten boyutu ve diğer faktörlerle tespit edilmiş radar düşey tarama sahasının münasip ölçekli bir kağıt üzerinde grafik olarak gösterilmesi. Ayrıca bak "coverage diagram"

(Havacılık) dikey kavis

vertical deflection

(Askeri) DİKİNE ÖNLEME: Bak "vertical lead"

vertical deviation

(Askeri) DİKİNE SAPMA: Yan sapmasına dikey bir hat üzerinde, atış hattına dikey bir düzlemde hedef ile paralanma noktası arasındaki mesafe

vertical diagraph

(Askeri) düşey çift harf

vertical digraph

(Askeri) DÜŞEY ÇİFT HARF: Kriptografide sütunlar halinde birbirinin altına yazılan veya birbirinin altında bulunan çift harfler

vertical dimension

(Diş Hekimliği) yüzün, orta çizgiden dikey ölçüm değeri; kaslararası nokta - burun ucu uzunluğunun, burun ucu - çene alt ucu uzunluğuna eşit olması gerektiği düşünülerek tam protezlerde mumlu provada dikkat edilir

vertical drill

düşey matkap tezgahı

vertical ellipsis

(Bilgisayar) dikey üç nokta

vertical engine

dikey makine

vertical envelopment

(Askeri) DÜŞEY KUŞATMA: Düşmanın havadan kuşatılması; paraşütle atılan veya havadan indirilen birliklerin, bir düşman kuvvetini kuşatmak veya gerisiyle irtibatını kesmek amacıyla bir kuvvetin gerisine veya kanatlarına saldırdığı taktik manevra

vertical every

(Bilgisayar) dikey kılavuz aralığı

vertical feed

(Bilgisayar,Teknik) dikey ilerletme

(Çevre) düşey akım

(Askeri) düşey kuvvet

vertical frame

(Bilgisayar) dikey çerçeve

vertical grid

(Bilgisayar) dikey kılavuz çizgisi

vertical grid

(Bilgisayar) dikey kılavuz

vertical group

(Pisikoloji, Ruhbilim) düşey grup

vertical hair

düşey kil

vertical helicopter replenishment

(Askeri) DİKEY HELİKOPTER KULLANILMASI

vertical hold

(Teknik,Televizyon) düşey lineerlik ayarı

vertical hold

düşey tutma

vertical hold

(Teknik,Televizyon) düşey doğrusallık ayarı

vertical illusion

yatay yanılsama

vertical image

(Sinema) dikey görüntü

vertical in

(Bilgisayar) dikey içeri

vertical intensity

dikey yeginlik

vertical interval

(Askeri) YÜKSEKLİK FARKI: (ABD. Savunma Bakanlığı, ABD Savunma Kurulu) iki nokta veya yer arasındaki yükseklik farkı, Örneğin: Bir topçu bataryası veya ateş halindeki gemiyle hedef; gözetleme yeriyle hedef; daha önce ateş açılmış bir hedefle yeni bir hedef; gözcüyle, patlama noktası; bir topçu bataryası veya atış halindeki gemiyle patlama noktası arasındaki yükseklik

(Askeri) DİKEY ÇIKIŞ HATASI AÇISI: Ateş edilen an ile merminin namluyu terkettiği an arasında, namlu ağzının oynaması ile ortaya çıkan dikey mesafeyi gösterir açı. Bu açının yatay karşılığına (lateral jump) denir. Ayrıca bak "angle of jump"

vertical justification

Düşey bloklama

vertical justify

(Bilgisayar) yukarı aşağı yasla

(Bilgisayar) dikey etiketler

vertical landing zone

(Askeri) dikey iniş bölgesi

vertical launch

(Askeri) dikine atış

vertical launch

(Askeri) DİKİNE FIRLATMA, DİKİNE ATIŞ: Bir füze veya diğer aracın dikey vaziyetten uçuşa başladığı atış (fırlatma) şekli

vertical launch

(Askeri) dikine fırlatma

vertical lead

(Askeri) DİKİNE ÖNLEME: Merminin uçuşu esnasında hedefin düşey olarak seyretmesini ve düşey tevcih düzeltmelerini göz önüne almak üzere, bir silahın harekat eden hava hedefinin yukarısına veya aşağısına tevcih edildiği açısal miktar. Buna (vertical deflection) da denir

vertical lead

(Askeri) dikine önleme

vertical limit

(Nükleer Bilimler) düşey limit (sınır)

vertical line array; visual landing aid

(Askeri) dikey hat dizisi; görerek iniş yardımı

vertical line overlap

(Askeri) DÜŞEY FOTOĞRAF BİNDİRMESİ: Bir hat üzerinden alınan, bindirilmiş düşey fotoğraflar serisi. Ayrıca bak "oblique line overlap"

vertical lines

Düşey çizgiler

vertical list

(Bilgisayar) dikey liste

vertical loading

(Askeri) UÇAĞIN ANİ OLARAK DİKEY İRTİFA KAZANMASI

vertical loading

düşey yükleme

vertical logic

(Politika, Siyaset) dikey mantık

(Ticaret) müşteri odakli pazar

(Bilgisayar) dikey ayna

vertical mixing

(Askeri) düşey karıştırma

vertical mixing

(Denizbilim) dikey karışma

vertical movement

düşey hareket

vertical movement

düşev devinim

vertical obstacle

(Askeri) dikey engel

vertical onboard delivery

(Askeri) dikey gemide teslim

vertical only

(Bilgisayar) salt dikey

vertical optical landing system

(Askeri) dikey optik iniş sistemi

vertical origin

(Bilgisayar) dikey başlangıç

vertical out

(Bilgisayar) dikey dışarı

vertical pan

(Sinema) dikey çevrinme

vertical panning

(Sinema) dikey çevrinme

vertical panning

(Sinema) düşey çevrinme

vertical parity

(Bilgisayar) dikey eşlik

vertical parity check

dikey eslik denetimi

vertical photograph

(Askeri) DÜŞEY HAVA FOTOĞRAFI: Bak "vertical aerial photograph"

vertical pressure

dikey basınç

vertical probable error

(Askeri) MUHTEMEL DİKEY HATA: Muhtemel menzil hatası ile düşüş eğiminin çarpımı

vertical pump

dikey pompa veya tulumba

vertical record

(Bilgisayar) dikey kayıt

vertical redundancy check

dikey hata denetimi

vertical replenishment

(Askeri) dikey bütünleme ikmali

vertical resize

(Bilgisayar) dikey boyutlandırma

vertical scale instrument systems

(Askeri) DİKEY ENSTRÜMAN SKALA SİSTEMLERİ: Uçuş ve motorlarla ilgili bilgileri gösteren dikey skala göstergeleri sistemi

vertical scroll

Düşey kaydırma

vertical scroll bar

Düşey Kaydırma Çubuğu

vertical scroll box

yukari akitma imleci

vertical scrolling

Düşey kaydırma

vertical seismograph

dikey/düşey sismograf

vertical separation

(Askeri) DİKEY/ŞAKULİ AYRIM: (NATO) Aynı bölgede uçuş yapan uçak ve helikopterler arasında kd. olarak ifade edilen mesafe

vertical shaft

düşey şaft

vertical shaft

(Otomotiv,Teknik) el fren mili

vertical sismic profile

dikey sismik profil

vertical sismic profile

düşey sismik profil

vertical situation display

(Askeri) DİKEY DURUM GÖSTERGESİ: Uçak yüksekliği ve istikameti, uçuş idare komutları, nişan alma ve arazi takibiyle ilgili bilgilerin temsil edildiği ancak seçim hakkının pilotun kontrolünde olduğu elektronik gösterge

(Ticaret) dikey açıklık

vertical spacing

düşey boşuk

Английский Язык - Английский Язык

Определение vertical в Английский Язык Английский Язык словарь: A vertical geometrical figure; a perpendicular; A vertex or zenith; In a two dimensional Cartesian co-ordinate system, describing the axis oriented normal (perpendicular, at right angles) to the horizontal axis; An individual slat in a set of vertical blinds; A vertical component of a structure; along the direction of a plumbline or along a straight line that includes the center of the Earth; lying or directed perpendicularly to the horizon; {a} placed in the zenith, perpendicular; (1) an imaginary line perpendicular (at an angle of 90°) to the plane of the horizon (2) Said of a borehole which is straight Not deviated; Something that is vertical stands or points straight up. The gadget can be attached to any vertical or near vertical surface. horizontal + vertically ver·ti·cal·ly Cut each bulb in half vertically; At right angles to the horizon or to a base of support Upright; The line perpendicular to the geoid at any point The direction of the force of gravity at that point Plumb line; something that is oriented vertically; At a right angle to the horizon Usually refers to the hardware orientation or mounting designation; Bar Charts use bars which extend up vertically to illustrate the value of each bar The higher a bar is, the larger the value of that bar; A vertical line, plane, or circle; Upright; perpendicular to the horizon; something that is oriented vertically at right angles to the plane of the horizon or a base line; "a vertical camera angle"; "the monument consists of two vertical pillars supporting a horizontal slab"; "measure the perpendicular height; {i} upright line; upright position; at right angles to the horizontal; includes altitude and depth; A high obstacle; Upright, or standing up, like a telephone pole This is the opposite of horizontal A vertical line and a horizontal line are perpendicular; Aligned with the pull of gravity; Of or pertaining to the vertex; situated at the vertex, or highest point; directly overhead, or in the zenith; perpendicularly above one; Describing the set of directions that are perpendicular with the surface of the Earth; from top to bottom -- " the second number represents the location on the vertical ( | ) number line " (263); refers to the harmonic aspect of music, the simultaneous playing of notes, which is expressed vertically in standard musical notation; {s} upright, perpendicular; located at the vertex; pertaining to all stages of a product from design to sale (Economics); having a multi-level structure; at right angles to the plane of the horizon or a base line; "a vertical camera angle"; "the monument consists of two vertical pillars supporting a horizontal slab"; "measure the perpendicular height"; In a spherical earth model, the direction towards or away from the center of the earth, i e parallel to a radial direction from the center; equivalent to the radial component of a spherical coordinate system centered at Earth's center of mass; Perpendicular to the plane of the horizon; upright; plumb; as, a vertical line; The vertical top portion of a wall in a halfpipe which allows the snowboarder to fly straight up into the air; and not out of the pipe or into the pipe; A view that is straight down Actually, since all cameras have some angle of view (cone of view), there is only one point in a vertical photograph that is truly straight down All other points in the photograph are ever so slightly at an oblique angle of view; In a two dimensional cartesian co-ordinate system, describing the axis oriented mathematically normal to (perpendicular) the horizontal axis; Up-and-down; in the up-and-down direction (opposite of horizontal); A vertical is a fence with poles ontop of eachother They are one straight line going vertically; upright in position or posture; "an erect stature"; "erect flower stalks"; "for a dog, an erect tail indicates aggression"; "a column still vertical amid the ruins"; "he sat bolt upright"; The most intense band in the vibrational Franck-Condon envelope; up and down; The vertical is the direction that points straight up, at an angle of 90 degrees to a flat surface. Pluto seems to have suffered a major collision that tipped it 122 degrees from the vertical. the vertical the direction of something that is vertical; Vertical position; zenith; a vertical structural member as a post or stake; "the ball sailed between the uprights"; ver; plumb; ver-; vert
vertical bar: set definitions (e.g. \{x|x)
vertical bar: The ASCII character at the decimal position of 124, depicted as | or ¦
vertical bar: divisibility (e.g. a | b)
vertical bar: represents an absolute value (e.g. |x|)
vertical bar: in Unix, it is used as a pipe
vertical bar: in regular expressions, it indicates an alternation
vertical bar: conditional probability (e.g. P(X|Y))
vertical bar: norms (e.g. ||(x_1,x_2)||)
vertical bars: plural form of vertical bar
vertical blinds: A series of thin slats that hang in front of a window, which can be turned as a group close with a slight overlap to block the window
vertical integration: The integrating of successive stages in the production and marketing process under the ownership or control of a single management organization
vertical market: A market made up of similar businesses and customers with particular specialized needs
The market for point-of-sale terminals is a vertical market.
vertical publication: A publication whose editorial content deals with the interests of a specific industry, e.g., National Petroleum Magazine, Retail Banking Today, etc
vertical publications: plural form of vertical publication
vertical smile: A vagina
she lowered her hands between her knees her thighs and joined thumb to thumb and index to index forming a diamond windowframe about her smiling not-mouth her notclosed lips her ragged gaping vertical smile.
vertical smiles: plural form of vertical smile
vertical stabilizer: The fin on the tail of an aircraft; it includes the rudder on its trailing edge
vertical disintegration: (Denizcilik) A specific organizational form of industrial production as opposed to integration, in which production occurs within a singular organization, vertical disintegration means that various diseconomies of scale or scope have broken a production process into separate companies, each performing a limited subset of activities required to create a finished product
vertical integration: (Ekonomi) In microeconomics and managing management, the term vertical integration describes a style of ownership and control. The degree to which a firm owns its upstream suppliers and its downstream buyers determines how vertically integrated it is. Vertically integrated companies are united through a hierarchy and share a common owner. Usually each member of the hierarchy produces a different product or service, and the products combine to satisfy a common need. It is contrasted with horizontal integration. Vertical integration is one method of avoiding the hold-up problem. A monopoly produced through vertical integration is called a vertical monopoly, although it might be more appropriate to speak of this as some form of cartel
vertical merger: (Ekonomi) Merger in which a company that supplies a component merges with a company that uses the component in its product (ex: computer manufacturer acquires microchip company)
vertical stress: Overburden pressure, lithostatic pressure, and vertical stress are terms that denote the pressure or stress imposed on a layer of soil or rock by the weight of overlying material
vertical angle: either of two equal and opposite angles formed by the intersection of two straight lines
vertical angle: n. Either of two angles formed by two intersecting lines and lying on opposite sides of the point of intersection
vertical angles: two opposite and equal angles formed by the intersection of two lines
vertical bank: a bank so steep that the plane's lateral axis approaches the vertical
vertical circle: a great circle on the celestial sphere passing through the zenith and perpendicular to the horizon
vertical circle: A great circle on the celestial sphere that passes through the zenith and the nadir and thus is perpendicular to the horizon
vertical equity: principle that people of different economic statuses should be taxed at different rates (Economics)
vertical expansion: when a company starts to do or make some of the things that used to be done or made by companies it did business with
vertical file: a file in which records are stored upright on one edge
vertical file: A collection of resource materials, such as pamphlets, clippings from periodicals, and mounted photographs, arranged for ready reference, as in a library or an archive
vertical format: (Ticaret) A display method used for MRP or other output reports in which dates are sequenced along the left margin and horizontal headings are used for gross requirements, scheduled receipts and other information. A vertical format normally only displays data for individual days where activity occurs, and does not group days into time buckets of weeks or months as in the use of a horizontal format
vertical frequency: rate of updating, number of times in one second that the screen is scanned from top to bottom
vertical integration: Form of business organization in which all stages of production of a good, from the acquisition of raw materials to the retailing of the final product, are controlled by one company. A current example is the oil industry, in which a single firm commonly owns the oil wells, refines the oil, and sells gasoline at roadside stations. In horizontal integration, by contrast, a company attempts to control a single stage of production or a single industry completely, which lets it take advantage of economies of scale but results in reduced competition
vertical integration: merger of companies that have a similar range of activity in marketing and production in order to gain more control in that range
vertical integration: absorption into a single firm of several firms involved in all aspects of a product's manufacture from raw materials to distribution
vertical line: line which is positioned upright
vertical merger: (Economics) merger in which a company that supplies a component merges with a company that uses the component in its product (ex: computer manufacturer acquires microchip company)
vertical merger: The joining of two firms involved in different stages of related businesses
vertical merger: a merger between two firms, one of which is a supplier or distributor for the other
vertical merger: A merger in which one firm acquires another firm that is in the same industry but at another stage in the production cycle For example, the firm being acquired serves as a supplier to the firm doing the acquiring
vertical merger: When one firm acquires another firm that is in the same industry but at another stage in the production cycle For example, the firm being acquired serves as a supplier to the firm doing the acquiring
vertical merger: A merger of two firms that have previously had a buyer-seller relationship
vertical motion: movement in a straight up and down direction
vertical partitioning: Distributing the columns of a table into several separate tables See also Horizontal partitioning
vertical partitioning: (Getting to Know Oracle8i; search in this book)
vertical partitioning: Distributing the columns of a table into several separate physical records (6)
vertical section: a mechanical drawing showing the interior of an object as if made by a vertical plane passing through it
vertical section: vertical cut, lengthwise portion
vertical speed indicator: device used to measure the speed of a moving body
vertical stabilizer: stabilizer that is part of an airplane empennage
vertical stabilizer: a stabilizer that is part of the vertical tail structure of an airplane
vertical step: step or movement in a straight up and down direction
vertical surface: a surface that is vertical
vertical tail: the vertical airfoil in the tail assembly of an aircraft
vertical transmission: Transmission of a pathogen such as HIV from mother to fetus or baby during pregnancy or birth See also Perinatal Transmission
vertical transmission: Passage of an infectious agent form the mother to an unborn child
vertical transmission: transmission from a mother to a fetus or newborn Vertical transmission may occur in utero (in the womb), intrapartum (during birth) or postpartum (via breast-feeding) Contrast with horizontal transmission (perinatal transmission, mat)
vertical transmission: Transmission of a pathogen from one generation of host to the next
vertical transmission: Transmission between parent and offspring
vertical transmission: Refers to the transmission of a pathogen from an infected pregnant woman to her fetus during pregnancy or birth
vertical transmission: The transmission of an illness from the parent(s) to the offspring
vertical transmission: see Perinatal transmission
vertical transmission: From parent to offspring See also maternal transmission
vertical transmission: There is a direct transfer of the pathogen or parasite from a parent organism to his or her progeny
vertical transmission: The transmission of genetic material from parent cells or organisms to their offspring, utilizing natural hereditary mechanisms such as mitosis, meiosis and fertilization, as contrasted with induction and infection between organisms or cells of the same generation
vertical union: An industrial union
verticals: A set of vertical blinds
verticals: plural form of vertical
verticality: {n} a vertical state, perpendicularity
vertically: {a} in the zenith, perpendicularly
Advanced Short Take-Off and Vertical Landing: takeoff and landing that requires a very short runway area (by some sophisticated combat airplanes), ASTOVL
verticality: The quality or state of being vertical; verticalness
verticality: position at right angles to the horizon
verticality: {i} state of being vertical; condition of being straight up and down
vertically: uprightly, perpendicularly
vertically: in a vertical direction; "a gallery quite often is added to make use of space vertically as well as horizontally
vertically: In a vertical direction or position
vertically: In a vertical manner, position, or direction; perpendicularly; as, to look down vertically; to raise a thing vertically
vertically: in a vertical direction; "a gallery quite often is added to make use of space vertically as well as horizontally"
verticals: plural of vertical