josef

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İngilizce - İngilizce
Albers Josef Bruckner Josef Anton Karl Franz Josef Conrad von Hötzendorf Franz Xaver Josef Count Cuno Wilhelm Carl Josef Dobrovsky Josef Franz Josef Franz Josef Land Hoffmann Josef Kölreuter Josef Gottlieb Mengele Josef Ignaz Josef Pleyel Sternberg Josef von Strauss Franz Josef Wittgenstein Ludwig Josef Johann
{i} male first name; family name

İlgili Terimler

Josef Albers
born March 19, 1888, Bottrop, Ger. died March 25, 1976, New Haven, Conn., U.S. German-U.S. painter, poet, teacher, and theoretician. He studied and taught at the Bauhaus and in 1933 became one of the first Bauhaus teachers to immigrate to the U.S., where he taught at Black Mountain College and later at Yale. He developed a painting style characterized by abstract rectilinear patterns and primary colours as well as black and white. His best-known series of paintings, Homage to the Square (begun in 1950 and continued until his death), restricts its repertory of forms to coloured squares superimposed onto each other. The arrangement of these squares is carefully calculated so that the colour of each square optically alters the sizes, hues, and spatial relationships of the others. His research into colour theory was published in the influential Interaction of Color (1963)
Josef Anton Bruckner
born Sept. 4, 1824, Ansfelden, Austria died Oct. 11, 1896, Vienna Austrian composer. Son of a rural schoolmaster who died in Anton's youth, he was taken into a monastery as a choirboy and there learned to play the organ. Greatly gifted, he became organist at Linz Cathedral in 1855; throughout his composing career, his orchestrations would be compared to organ sonorities. In 1865 he heard Tristan und Isolde in Munich and thereafter idolized Richard Wagner, though his own works remained indebted to Ludwig van Beethoven. In 1868 he was appointed professor at the Vienna Conservatory and settled in Vienna for the rest of his life. He was 60 before he achieved fame with his Symphony No. 7 in E Major (1884). He was socially awkward and eccentric, and he remained a deeply devout Christian to his death. His reputation rests on his nine mature symphonies (1866-96), his three masses, and his Te Deum (1884)
Josef Dobrovsky
born Aug. 17, 1753, Gyarmat, Hung. died Jan. 6, 1829, Brno, Moravia, Austrian Empire Czech linguist. He was ordained a priest in 1786, but after 1791 noble patronage allowed him to devote himself to scholarship in Prague. His textual criticism of the Bible led him to study Old Church Slavonic and then the Slavic languages as a group. An influential scholar of the Czech language and its literature, he published such works as History of the Bohemian Language and Literature (1792). His grammar of Czech, Learning System of the Bohemian Language (1809), helped standardize literary Czech, and his grammar of Old Church Slavonic (1822) laid the foundation of comparative Slavic linguistics
Josef Gottlieb Kölreuter
born April 27, 1733, Sulz, Württemberg died Nov. 12, 1806, Karlsruhe, Baden German botanist. A pioneer in the study of plant hybrids, he was the first to develop a scientific application of the discovery (made in 1694 by Rudolph Camerarius) of sex in plants. Cultivating plants in order to study their fertilization and development, he performed experiments, particularly with the tobacco plant, that included artificial fertilization and the production of fertile hybrids between plants of different species. His results foreshadowed the work of Gregor Mendel. Kölreuter recognized the importance of insects and wind as agents of pollen transfer. He applied Carolus Linnaeus's sexual system of classification to lower plant forms. His work was not recognized until long after his death
Josef Hoffmann
(b. Dec. 15, 1870, Pirnitz, Moravia d. May 7, 1956, Vienna, Austria) Austrian architect and designer. He studied under Otto Wagner in Vienna but in 1899 helped found the Vienna Sezession, which broke free of Wagner's Classicism. He cofounded, and for 30 years (1903-33) directed, the Wiener Werkstätte (Vienna Workshop), an important centre for arts and crafts. Stoclet House (1905) in Brussels is considered his masterpiece; the exterior of this opulent structure achieved an elegance not often associated with design based on straight lines and white squares and rectangles. He designed the Austrian pavilions for the 1914 Deutscher Werkbund Exhibition in Cologne and for the 1934 Venice Biennale. In 1920 he was appointed city architect of Vienna
Josef Mengele
a doctor who did experiments on prisoners at the Auschwitz concentration camp (1911-1979). born March 16, 1911, Günzburg, Ger. died Feb. 7, 1979, Enseada da Bertioga, near São Paulo, Braz. German Nazi doctor. Influenced by the racial ideology of Alfred Rosenberg, in 1934 Mengele joined the research staff of the newly founded Institute for Hereditary Biology and Racial Hygiene. An ardent Nazi, he served in World War II as medical officer with the SS. In 1943 he was appointed chief doctor at Auschwitz-Birkenau, where he selected incoming Jews for labour or extermination, becoming known as the "Angel of Death," and conducted medical experiments on inmates in pseudoscientific racial studies. After the war he escaped to South America, where he died in 1979 under the name of Wolfgang Gerhard, a Nazi he befriended in Brazil and whose identity he assumed
Josef Mengele
(1911-1979) Nazi war criminal
Josef von Sternberg
orig. Jonas Stern born May 29, 1894, Vienna, Austria died Dec. 22, 1969, Hollywood, Calif., U.S. Austrian-born U.S. film director. He immigrated with his Orthodox Jewish family to New York as a boy. By 1923 he was a scriptwriter and cameraman in Hollywood. In 1927 he made the first serious gangster movie, Underworld. His films became noted for their striking visual effects and atmospheric use of light and dark. In Germany he directed The Blue Angel (1930), which made actress Marlene Dietrich an international star. She returned with Sternberg to Hollywood, where he directed her in Morocco (1930), Shanghai Express (1932), Blonde Venus (1932), The Scarlet Empress (1934), and The Devil Is a Woman (1935). His career thereafter declined, though his late films Macao (1952) and The Saga of Anatahan (1953) were admired
Franz Josef Land
An archipelago in the Arctic Ocean in the north of Russia, north of Novaya Zemlya, east of Svalbard
Franz Josef
(1830-1916) Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary
Franz Josef Land
An archipelago of north-central Russia in the Arctic Ocean north of Novaya Zemlya. Explored by an Austrian expedition in 1873, the islands were claimed by the USSR in 1926. Russian Zemlya Frantsa-Iosifa Archipelago, northeastern Barents Sea. Consisting of about 190 islands, it is the northernmost territory of Russia and the most northerly land of the Eastern Hemisphere. With a land area of about 6,229 sq mi (16,134 sq km), the islands comprise a series of lowland plateaus, 85% of which is ice-covered. The Arctic climate supports polar bears and the Arctic fox, with numerous bird species. The Soviet Union annexed the islands in 1926 and maintained permanent weather stations there
Franz Josef Strauss
born Sept. 6, 1915, Munich, Ger. died Oct. 3, 1988, Regensburg, W.Ger. German politician. Strauss studied at the University of Munich and was an active member of a Roman Catholic youth organization that clashed with the Nazis. Called up for military service in 1939, he was captured by U.S. forces near the end of World War II. After his release in 1945, he served as councillor to the Bavarian Ministry of the Interior and in 1946 was appointed deputy county director in the Schongau district by the U.S. occupation authorities. He helped found the Bavarian Christian Social Union (CSU) in 1945 and was elected to the Bundestag in 1949. He served as minister of defense (1956-62) and minister of finance (1966-69). Head of the CSU from 1961, he was the party's unsuccessful candidate for chancellor in 1980. As premier of Bavaria (1978-88), he pursued economic policies that made it one of Germany's most prosperous states
Franz Xaver Josef Count Conrad von Hötzendorf
born Nov. 11, 1852, Penzing, Austria died Aug. 25, 1925, Mergentheim, Ger. Austrian soldier. A career officer in the Austro-Hungarian army, he became chief of staff in 1906. A conservative propagandist for Austria-Hungary, he advocated preventive wars against Serbia and Italy, for which he was briefly dismissed in 1911. In World War I, he planned the successful Austro-German offensive of 1915, but he was later hampered by German domination and lack of military resources. He was dismissed when Charles I took command in 1916
Ladislao Josef Biro
{i} Laszlo Biro (1899-1985), Hungarian inventor of the Biro ballpoint pen
Ludwig Josef Johann Wittgenstein
born April 26, 1889, Vienna died April 29, 1951, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, Eng. Austrian-born English philosopher, regarded by many as the greatest philosopher of the 20th century. He was born into an immensely wealthy and cultivated family. In 1908 he went to Manchester, Eng., to study aeronautics. He soon developed an obsessive interest in the philosophy of logic and mathematics, and in 1911 he went to Cambridge to study logic with Bertrand Russell. Within a year he had learned all Russell had to teach; he then went to Norway, where he worked on logic in isolation in a wooden hut he built by the side of a fjord. There he developed in embryo what became known as the "picture theory" of meaning, a central tenet of which is that a proposition can express a fact by virtue of sharing with it a common structure, or "logical form." When World War I broke out he joined the Austrian army, winning several decorations for bravery while serving on the Russian front. During the war he worked on a manuscript that was later published as Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus (1922). Believing that he had solved all the major problems of philosophy, he abandoned the subject after the war and spent the next 10 years as a schoolteacher and doing other odd jobs in a remote Austrian village. Meanwhile, the Tractatus had attracted the attention of philosophers in Cambridge and Vienna, including those of the Vienna Circle of logical positivists (see logical positivism), some of whose meetings Wittgenstein was persuaded to join. He returned to Cambridge in 1929. During the early 1930s his ideas changed rapidly, and he gradually abandoned the doctrines of the Tractatus; indeed, he began to conceive of philosophy in radically different terms, as not the construction of theories designed to answer philosophical questions but as the activity of clearing up conceptual confusions arising from inattention to or misunderstandings of ordinary uses of language. What became known as the works of the "later Wittgenstein" including Remarks on the Foundations of Mathematics (1956), Philosophical Grammar (1974), Philosophical Remarks (1975), and especially Philosophical Investigations (1953) can be considered attempts to refine and definitively express this new approach. Though he worked with fierce energy and wrote prodigiously, he would allow none of his work from this period to be published in his lifetime. In 1939 he was appointed to the chair in philosophy at Cambridge previously held by G.E. Moore. Disliking professional philosophy, he resigned the post in 1947 to live in seclusion in Ireland and then with various friends. Diagnosed with terminal cancer in 1949, he continued working intensively until two days before his death. See also analytic philosophy
Wilhelm Carl Josef Cuno
born July 2, 1876, Suhl, Ger. died Jan. 3, 1933, Aumühle German politician and business leader. After serving in government positions from 1907, in 1918 he became general director of the Hamburg-American Line, the largest German shipping concern. He served as chancellor of the Weimar Republic (1922-23), enjoying the strong support of German business and industry but failing to readjust war reparations or halt inflation. During the Ruhr occupation he urged a national policy of passive resistance, which ultimately overtaxed the economy. Obliged to resign, he returned to Hamburg-American and again served as chairman (1926-33)