james buchanan

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the 15th President of the US (1857-61) (1791-1868). born April 23, 1791, near Mercersburg, Pa., U.S. died June 1, 1868, near Lancaster 15th president of the U.S. (1857-61). He was admitted to the bar in 1812 and soon established a successful law practice. He was elected to the Pennsylvania legislature in 1814 and later served in the U.S. House of Representatives (1821-31), as minister to Russia (1832-34), and in the U.S. Senate (1834-45). He was secretary of state in the cabinet of Pres. James K. Polk (1845-49). As minister to Britain (1853-56), he helped draft the Ostend Manifesto. In 1856 he was elected president as a Democrat, defeating John C. Frémont. Although experienced in government and law, he lacked the courage to deal effectively with the slavery crisis, and he equivocated on the question of Kansas's status as a slaveholding state. The ensuing split within his party allowed Abraham Lincoln to win the election of 1860. He denounced the secession of South Carolina following the election and sent reinforcements to Fort Sumter but failed to respond further to the mounting crisis. He was the only president never to have married
(1791-1868) 15th president of the United States, member of the U.S. Congress

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born Dec. 23, 1856, Durham, N.C., U.S. died Oct. 10, 1925, New York, N.Y. U.S. tobacco magnate and philanthropist. He and his brother Benjamin (1855-1929) entered the family tobacco business. In 1890 James became president of the American Tobacco Co., which controlled the entire U.S. tobacco industry until antitrust laws caused it, in 1911, to be broken into several companies that would become the principal U.S. cigarette makers. He oversaw the family's contributions to Trinity College in Durham, which was renamed Duke University
james buchanan

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