soter

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Antiochus I Soter Attalus I Soter Ptolemy I Soter

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Antiochus I Soter
born 324 died 261 BC King of Seleucid Syria in the east (292?-281 BC) and later overall (281-261). Son of Seleucus I, he consolidated the Seleucid kingdom, founded numerous cities, and expanded trade routes. In 281 he contended with revolts in Syria and northern Anatolia and fought a war with Antigonus II Gonatas. With the defeat of the Gauls in Greece (279), he and Antigonus signed a pact of nonintervention. The Gauls in Asia Minor were not defeated until 275, after which he was hailed as Soter ("Saviour") by appreciative Ionians. He settled Greeks in Asia Minor and Persia to counter invasions, and he worked to revive Babylonian culture. Though he won Phoenicia and the coast of Asia Minor from Egypt, he soon lost them, and in 261 he lost much of northern Asia Minor to Pergamum
Attalus I Soter
born 269 died 197 BC Ruler of Pergamum (241-197). He crushed an attack by the Galatians ( 230) and won most of Anatolia (228) through victory over the Seleucid king, though by 222 the Seleucids had won most of it back. With Rome Attalus fought the First and Second Macedonian Wars, but he died shortly before Philip V's defeat. He was celebrated as a patron of the arts
Ptolemy I Soter
born 367/366, Macedonia died 283/282 BC, Egypt Ruler of Egypt (323-285) and founder of the Ptolemaic dynasty. A Macedonian general of Alexander the Great, he and the other generals divided the empire after Alexander's death, Ptolemy becoming satrap of Egypt. Alexander's successors were soon at war. Ptolemy was defeated in 306 by Antigonus I Monophthalmus, though he and the others rebuffed Antigonus's attack on Egypt. He earned the name Soter ("Saviour") after defeating Antigonus on Rhodes (304), but Antigonus was not finally crushed until 301 at the Battle of Ipsus. Ptolemy secured and expanded his empire through alliances and marriages. He and his fellow kings won a final war (288-286) against Demetrius of Macedonia, freeing Athens from Macedonian occupation. He obtained control of the League of Islanders (including most of the Aegean islands), which formed the basis of Egypt's maritime supremacy. As king he respected Egyptian culture, blended Greek and Egyptian peoples and religions, and founded the Library and Museum of Alexandria. After his death the Egyptians raised him to the level of a god. He was succeeded by his son, Ptolemy II Philadelphus