lorentz

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Lorentz transformations Lorentz Hendrik Antoon Lorentz FitzGerald contraction
Hendrik Antoon Lorentz, Dutch physicist and Nobel laureate
Dutch physicist noted for work on electromagnetic theory (1853-1928)

Related Terms

Lorentz factor
the factor, used in special relativity, to calculate the degree of time dilation, length contraction and relativistic mass of an object moving relative to an observer
Lorentz force
the force exerted on a charged particle in an electromagnetic field
Lorentz group
the group of all Lorentz transformations in spacetime
Lorentz invariant
A quantity that does not change due to a Lorentz transformation; a quantity that is independent of the inertial frame
Lorentz symmetry
the invariance of the laws of physics under the Lorentz transformation
Lorentz transformation
A transformation relating the spacetime coordinates of one frame of reference to another in special relativity
Lorentz-Fitzgerald contraction
the decrease in length of a moving object in the direction of motion; measurable only at relativistic speeds
Lorentz-Fitzgerald contractions
plural form of Lorentz-Fitzgerald contraction
Lorentz force
The orthogonal force on a charged particle traveling in a magnetic field
Lorentz transformations
Set of equations in relativity physics that relate the space and time coordinates of two systems moving at a constant speed relative to each other, developed in 1904 by Hendrik Antoon Lorentz. Required to describe phenomena approaching the speed of light, these transformations express the concepts that space and time are not absolute; that length, time, and mass depend on the observer's relative motion; and that the speed of light in a vacuum is constant and independent of the motion of the observer or the source
Lorentz-FitzGerald contraction
or space contraction In relativity physics, the shortening of an object along the direction of its motion relative to an observer. Dimensions in other directions are not contracted. This concept was proposed by the Irish physicist George F. FitzGerald (1851-1901) in 1889 and later independently developed by Hendrik Antoon Lorentz. Significant at speeds approaching that of light, the contraction results from the properties of space and time, not from compression, cooling, or any similar physical disturbance. See also time dilation
lorentz force
the force experienced by a point charge moving along a wire that is in a magnetic field; the force is at right angles to both the current and the magnetic field; "the Lorentz force can be used to suspend a current-carrying object between two magnets
Hendrik Antoon Lorentz
born July 18, 1853, Arnhem, Neth. died Feb. 4, 1928, Haarlem Dutch physicist. He taught at the University of Leiden (1878-1912) and later directed Haarlem's Teyler Institute. In 1875 he refined James Clerk Maxwell's theory of electromagnetic radiation so that it explained the reflection and refraction of light. Aiming to devise a single theory to explain the relationship of electricity, magnetism, and light, he later suggested that atoms might consist of charged particles that oscillate and produce light. In 1896 his student Pieter Zeeman (1865-1943) demonstrated this phenomenon (see Zeeman effect), and in 1902 the two men were awarded the second Nobel Prize for Physics. In 1904 Lorentz developed the Lorentz transformations (including the so-called Fitzgerald-Lorentz contraction), mathematical formulas that relate space and time measurements of one observer to those of a second observer moving relative to the first. These formed the basis of Albert Einstein's special theory of relativity
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