van

(Askeri) VAN ALLEN RADYASYON KUŞAKLARI: Dünya manyetik sahasına hapsedilmiş yüksek enerji yüklü partiküllerin bulunduğu sahalara verilen genel isim. Bu kuşakların büyüklüğünü ve şeklini tarifi bir radyasyon yoğunluk ölçüsü ve hakim partikül unsurlarının seçilmesine bağlıdır. Bulundukları bilinen kuşaklar şunlardır: 1. ortalama 200 mil irtifa jeomanyetik ekvatorda toplanmış proton sahası; 2. ortalama 1200 mil irtifada jeomanyetik ekvatorda toplanmış bir elektron sahası. 3. ortalama 20.000 mil irtifada jeomanyetik ekvatorda toplanmış ve birbiri üzerine binmiş elektron ve proton sahaları. Ayrıca suni kaynaklardan hapsedilmiş radyasyon sahaları da mevcuttur. gezegenler arası keşifte bir engel meydana getiren bu kuşakların mevcudiyeti ilk defa, Iowa devlet üniversitesinden Dr. James A. Allen tarafından haber verilmiştir

van de graaff generator

(Nükleer Bilimler) van de graaff jeneratörü

van guard

(Askeri) ÖNCÜ ÖNCÜSÜ: Öncünün bir unsuru bak "advanced quard

(Otomotiv) furgon

Bu trenin eşya vagonu yok. - This train has no luggage van.

ludwig van beethoven

İng. marşandizin arkasına takılan ve demiryolu görevlilerini taşıyan cumbalı vagon

i want to rent a van

kamyonet kiralamak istiyorum

(Otomotiv) triportör

التركية - التركية

تعريف van في التركية التركية القاموس.: (Coğrafya) Van, Anadolu'nun en büyük kapalı havzası olan Van Gölü kıyısında toprakları verimli, akarsuları bol, iklim koşulları oldukça elverişli bir yerleşim merkezidir; Atların taşınması için yapılmış kapalı taşıma aracı; iri ve verimli kiraz çeşidi
Van kedisi: Van ve yöresinde yaşayan göz renkleri farklı, beyaz tüylü kedi
A'VAN: (Osmanlı Dönemi) Yardımcılar. Etbâlar
Mİ'VAN: (Osmanlı Dönemi) Ahâliye yardım eden, halka yardımı çok olan kimse

الإنجليزية - الإنجليزية

تعريف van في الإنجليزية الإنجليزية القاموس.: A large saline lake in eastern Turkey. One of three great tectonic lakes of the Armenian Highland. Famous for its Chalcalburnus tarichi fish and the 10th century Armenian cathedral on Akhtamar Island; A male given name, diminutive of Vance or Ivan; A city on the shore of that lake; Vancouver; a railway carriage; Shortened form of caravan; A (covered) vehicle used for carrying goods or people, usually roughly cuboid in shape, longer and higher than a car but smaller than a truck
The van sped down the road.; Shortened form of vanguard; {v} to winnow corn, fan, sift, clean, dress; {n} the front of an army, a large fan, a wing; The front of an army; the first line or leading column; also, the front line or foremost division of a fleet, either in sailing or in battle; {i} large closed vehicle used for transporting goods or people; caravan, trailer home, mobile home; railroad car (British); A shovel used in cleansing ore; [1] A covered road vehicle for carrying goods; Value-Added Network A third party service provider that facilitates the transmission of electronic data among multiple trading partners Service may include EDI communications skill, expertise, and equipment necessary to receive, store, and transmit electronic commerce transactions between trading partners; A close railway car for baggage; A van is a small or medium-sized road vehicle with one row of seats at the front and a space for carrying goods behind; for exhibition; form of shortened form, vanguard; A wing with which the air is beaten; form of shortened form, caravan; A Land Rover fitted with windowless rear roofsides These are quite common in Britain since tax codes there charge much higher rates on vehicles with rear side windows see also Blindside; Value-Added Network A VAN company is an organization that helps companies exchange private documents, usual via EDI systems; See the Note under Car, 2; Value Added Network A third party network that transmits data between trading partners; 1 A 20-foot long or shorter vehicle, usually with an automotive-type engine and limited seating that normally is entered directionally through side or rear doors rather than from a central aisle, used for demand-responsive, vanpool and lightly patronized motor bus service 2 Vehicle having a typical seating capacity of five to 15 passengers and classified as a van by the vehicle manufacturer A modified van is a standard van which has undergone some structural changes, usually made to increase its size and particularly its height The seating capacity of modified vans is approximately nine to 18 passengers Modified vans also may be referred to as "cutaway vans "; a truck with an enclosed cargo space; Movers call all types and kinds of trucks used for moving as “vans” A van can be a small truck or a 34 foot long truck; a specialized common carrier that "adds value" over and above the standard services of common carriers; Value Added Network Third-party service organizations that deliver EDI messages from senders to receivers This is a highly secure and private alternative to the Internet VAN's typically charge by data character sent/received, so longer messages cost more See also: EDI over Internet, UIG Standards, PGP Standards, XML; – Value added network – VAN services provide shared, private messaging networks for supporting EDI applications; A large covered wagon for moving furniture, etc; A railway goods vehicle which has a roof; Movers call all types and kinds of trucks used for moving "vans" A van can be as small as a small econoline pack van or as large as an 80 foot long tractor-trailer; To fan, or to cleanse by fanning; to winnow; = Value Added Network; Networking providers that differentiate themselves on the basis of local-dial availability, upper-layer services (e g , e-mail, EDI), network management, and global connectivity; a camper equipped with living quarters; Movers call all types and kinds of trucks used for moving "vans" A van can be as small as a small econoline pack van or as large as a long tractor-trailer; Acronym for value-added network; Value-added Network; A fan or other contrivance, as a sieve, for winnowing grain; Value Added Network (VAN) is an independently contracted company, which acts as a post office for sending and receiving electronic transactions to and from trading partners; a truck with an enclosed cargo space a camper equipped with living quarters; A light wagon, either covered or open, used by tradesmen and others fore the transportation of goods; Van refers to the enzymes found in bacteria that is resistant to the antibiotic Vancomycin; Any of a number of forms of motorized transportation larger than a car but smaller than a bus; any creative group active in the innovation and application of new concepts and techniques in a given field (especially in the arts); the leading units moving at the head of an army; also for conveying wild beasts, etc; Value Added Network (VAN) is a third-party communications network that can accept a message from virtually any computer hardware and software configuration and can deliver the message to a receiver that uses different hardware and software; Value Added Network; Value-Added Network A private data communications network used for EDI transactions; To wash or cleanse, as a small portion of ore, on a shovel
Van Allen belt: Any of similar areas around another planet
Van Allen belt: Either of two torus-shaped areas of high-energy charged particles which partly surround Earth, trapped by its magnetic field. The areas are characterised by intense radiation. When the belts "overload", particles strike the upper atmosphere and fluoresce, causing the polar aurora
Van Allen belts: plural form of Van Allen belt
Van Allen radiation belt: Any of similar areas around another planet
Van Allen radiation belt: Either of two torus-shaped areas of high-energy charged particles which partly surround Earth, trapped by its magnetic field. The areas are characterised by intense radiation. When the belts "overload", particles strike the upper atmosphere and fluoresce, causing the polar aurora
Van Allen radiation belts: plural form of Van Allen radiation belt
Van Diemen's Land: The former name (until 1856) of the then-British colony and current state of Australia now known as Tasmania
Van Gogh: A work by Vincent van Gogh
Van Gogh: Vincent van Gogh, Dutch draughtsman and painter
Van Goghs: plural form of Van Gogh
Van de Graaff generator: a device in which an electric charge is built up on a large spherical electrode by means of a rapidly moving belt
Van de Graaff generators: plural form of Van de Graaff generator
Van der Hum: a South African tangerine-flavoured liqueur
van der Waals force: The relatively weak attraction between neutral atoms and molecules arising from polarization induced in each particle by the presence of other particles
Van Allen radiation belts: Two doughnut-shaped zones of highly energetic charged particles (see electric charge) trapped at high altitudes in Earth's magnetic field. Named for James A. Van Allen (b. 1914), who discovered them in 1958, they are most intense over the Equator and effectively absent above the poles. The two zones merge gradually, with the flux of charged particles showing two regions of maximum density. The inner one, mostly protons thought to be produced by primary cosmic rays striking the atmosphere, is centred about 3,700 mi (6,000 km) above Earth's surface. The outer region includes some helium ions from the solar wind and is centred about 12,500 mi (20,000 km) above Earth's surface. Intense solar activity (see solar cycle) causes disruptions of the belts, linked in turn with such phenomena as auroras and magnetic storms
Van Cliburn: orig. Harvey Lavan Cliburn, Jr. born July 12, 1934, Shreveport, La., U.S. U.S. pianist. He was taught piano by his mother in his early years. After study with Rosina Lhévinne (1880-1976) at the Juilliard School, he made his debut with the New York Philharmonic. In 1958 he became a national sensation as the first American to win the Tchaikovsky Competition in Moscow. In 1962 he established the Van Cliburn International Piano Competition in Fort Worth, Texas. Possessed of an impressive technique, he limited himself to the Romantic repertoire and spent many years away from the concert stage
Van Morrison: {i} (born 1945) Northern Irish singer and songwriter
Van Rensselaer: American army officer and politician. A descendant of Killian Van Renssalaer, he inherited the family estate in New York, saw military action in the War of 1812, and was an early advocate of the Erie Canal project
Van Wyck Brooks: born Feb. 16, 1886, Plainfield, N.J., U.S. died May 2, 1963, Bridgewater, Conn. U.S. critic, biographer, and literary historian. Brooks attended Harvard University. His Finders and Makers series, tracing American literary history in rich biographical detail from 1800 to 1915, includes The Flowering of New England, 1815-1865 (1936, Pulitzer Prize); New England: Indian Summer, 1865-1915 (1940); The World of Washington Irving (1944); The Times of Melville and Whitman (1947); and The Confident Years: 1885-1915 (1952)
Van de Graaff generator: {i} electrostatic generator, device which produces electrical discharges at high voltage
van Eyck: Jan van Eyck (c1390-1441), Flemish Renaissance painter; Hubert van Eyck (1370-1426), Flemish Renaissance painter brother of Jan van Eyck; family name
van Gogh: family name; Vincent van Gogh (1853-1890), Dutch postimpressionist painter, creator of "Starry Night
van allen: United States physicist who discovered two belts of charged particles from the solar wind trapped by the Earth's magnetic field (born in 1914)
van allen belt: a belt of charged particles (resulting from cosmic rays) above the Earth trapped by the Earth's magnetic field
van buren: 8th President of the United States (1782-1862)
van de graaff: United States physicist (1901-1967)
van de velde: Belgian architect (1863-1957)
van der Waals: Johannes Diderik van der Waals (1837-1923), Dutch physicist, winner of the 1910 Nobel Prize in Physics; family name
van der Waals force: A weak attractive force between atoms or nonpolar molecules caused by a temporary change in dipole moment arising from a brief shift of orbital electrons to one side of one atom or molecule, creating a similar shift in adjacent atoms or molecules
van der Waals forces: Relatively weak electrical forces that attract neutral (uncharged) molecules to each other in gases, liquefied and solidified gases, and almost all organic liquids and solids. Solids held together by van der Waals forces typically have lower melting points and are softer than those held together by ionic, covalent, or metallic bonds (see bonding). The forces arise because neutral molecules, though uncharged, are usually electric dipoles, which have a tendency to align with each other and to induce further polarization in neighbouring molecules, resulting in a net attractive force. They are somewhat weaker than the forces involved in hydrogen bonding. See also Johannes D. van der Waals
van der waal's forces: relatively weak attraction between neutral atoms and molecules arising from polarization induced in each particle by the presence of other particles
van der waals: Dutch physicist (1837-1923)
van doren: United States writer and literary critic (1885-1950)
van gogh: Dutch postimpressionist painter noted for his use of color (1853-1890)
van vleck: United States physicist (1899-1980)
Turkish Van: A domestic cat breed
detector van: A vehicle, equipped with electronic instrumentation that can detect the oscillator of a domestic television; used by the licensing authority to check that a household with no TV licence does not have a television receiver
divvy van: A police van
driving van trailer: a purpose-built railway vehicle that allows the driver to operate a locomotive at the opposite end of a train
driving van trailers: plural form of driving van trailer
goods van: An enclosed railway freight car, especially one with a sliding door
mandement van spolie: An order (restitutory interdict) handed down by a Court on application, originating in Roman Dutch Law where a person (spoliator) is compelled to return a thing that has been taken unlawfully. The case turns on possession, not ownership. In South African Law, a mandement van spolie can even be brought by a thief where the owner unlawfully retrieves the thing stolen
panel van: A delivery van without side windows or rear seats
panel van: a further development of the Australian ute also based on a car chassis, often highly decorated and fitted out for sleeping
white van man: A stereotypical tradesman or handyman who drives a white van
white van men: plural form of white van man
brake van: Caboose
brake van: A compartment, carriage, or wagon in a train which contains braking apparatus operated by the guard
Adriaen van Ostade: born Dec. 10, 1610, Haarlem, Neth. buried May 2, 1685, Haarlem Dutch painter and printmaker. Known for his Baroque genre paintings of peasant life, he also did religious subjects, portraits, and landscapes. The most important influence on his style was the work of Adriaen Brouwer. Like Brouwer, he delighted in scenes such as tavern brawls, usually in dimly lit interiors, as in Carousing Peasants in an Interior ( 1638). He employed a broad, vigorous technique in a subdued range of colours. After he adopted a brighter palette in the 1640s, his subjects became less ribald, and from the 1650s he painted many of them in outdoor settings
Anthony van Diemen: born 1593, Culemborg, Neth. died April 19, 1645, Batavia, Dutch East Indies Dutch colonial administrator who consolidated the Dutch empire in the Far East. He joined the Dutch East India Company and served in Batavia from 1618. As governor-general of the Dutch East Indian settlements (1636-45), he enabled the Dutch to gain a monopoly of the spice trade in the Moluccas, conquer cinnamon-producing areas in Ceylon (Sri Lanka), seize the key Portuguese stronghold of Malacca, and capture all of Formosa (Taiwan). By 1645 he had established the United Provinces of The Netherlands as the paramount commercial and political power in the East Indies. Van Diemen also initiated the exploring expeditions of Abel Janszoon Tasman and Frans Visscher (1642, 1644)
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek: born Oct. 24, 1632, Delft, Neth. died Aug. 26, 1723, Delft Dutch microscopist. In his youth he was apprenticed to a draper; a later civil position allowed him to devote time to his hobby: grinding lenses and using them to study tiny objects. With his simple microscopes he observed protozoa in rainwater and pond and well water and bacteria in the human mouth and intestine. He also discovered blood corpuscles, capillaries, and the structure of muscles and nerves, and in 1677 he first described the spermatozoa of insects, dogs, and humans. How he enhanced the power of his lenses sufficiently to achieve such results remains a secret. His research on lower animals argued against the doctrine of spontaneous generation, and his observations helped lay the foundations for the sciences of bacteriology and protozoology
Carl Clinton and Mark Van Doren: v. born Sept. 10, 1885, Hope, Ill., U.S. died July 18, 1950, Torrington, Conn. born June 13, 1894, Hope, Ill. died Dec. 10, 1972, Torrington, Conn. U.S. writers and teachers. Carl, who taught at Columbia University from 1911 to 1930, edited the Cambridge History of American Literature (1917-21) and journals. His critical works include the biography Benjamin Franklin (1938, Pulitzer Prize). Mark taught at Columbia from 1920 to 1959. He published more than 20 volumes of verse, including Spring Thunder (1924) and Collected Poems (1922-38) (1939, Pulitzer Prize). He wrote three novels and several volumes of short stories and edited anthologies. His literary criticism includes works on John Dryden, William Shakespeare, and Nathaniel Hawthorne as well as Introduction to Poetry (1951), which examines shorter classic poems of English and American literature
Carl and Mark Van Doren: v. born Sept. 10, 1885, Hope, Ill., U.S. died July 18, 1950, Torrington, Conn. born June 13, 1894, Hope, Ill. died Dec. 10, 1972, Torrington, Conn. U.S. writers and teachers. Carl, who taught at Columbia University from 1911 to 1930, edited the Cambridge History of American Literature (1917-21) and journals. His critical works include the biography Benjamin Franklin (1938, Pulitzer Prize). Mark taught at Columbia from 1920 to 1959. He published more than 20 volumes of verse, including Spring Thunder (1924) and Collected Poems (1922-38) (1939, Pulitzer Prize). He wrote three novels and several volumes of short stories and edited anthologies. His literary criticism includes works on John Dryden, William Shakespeare, and Nathaniel Hawthorne as well as Introduction to Poetry (1951), which examines shorter classic poems of English and American literature
Dick Van Dyke: v. orig. Richard Wayne Van Dyke born Dec. 13, 1925, West Plains, Mo., U.S. U.S. actor and comedian. In 1947-53 he played in nightclubs with his pantomime act, "The Merry Mutes," before making his Broadway debut in 1959. He starred in the musical Bye Bye Birdie (1960-61, Tony Award; film, 1963), and then in the successful television comedy series The Dick Van Dyke Show (1961-66) winning several Emmy Awards The New Dick Van Dyke Show (1971-74), and the drama series Diagnosis Murder (1993-2001). He has starred in such movies as Mary Poppins (1964) and Chitty, Chitty, Bang, Bang (1968)
Gerrit van Honthorst: known as Gherardo delle Notti (Italian: "Gerard of the Night Scenes") born Nov. 4, 1590, Utrecht, Neth. died April 27, 1656, Utrecht Dutch painter. During 10 years in Italy ( 1610-20) he enjoyed the patronage of the nobility and assimilated the Baroque style of Caravaggio. The dramatic effects of artificial light in his early paintings, as in such nocturnal scenes as Supper Party (1620), earned him his nickname. He was court painter at The Hague from 1637 to 1652. Some of Rembrandt's early works were inspired by his use of chiaroscuro. With Hendrik Terbrugghen, he was a leader of the Utrecht school
Han van Meegeren: orig. Henricus Antonius van Meegeren born Oct. 10, 1889, Deventer, Neth. died Dec. 30, 1947, Amsterdam Dutch art forger. He forged at least 14 "Old Masters" and sold them at enormous profit; critics had hailed his Christ and the Disciples at Emmaus as a Johannes Vermeer masterpiece. His activities came to light after World War II, when a commission was established to restore to their owners artworks collected by Nazi leaders. Discovering a work purportedly by Vermeer among those amassed by Hermann Göring, the commission traced it to Meegeren. Charged with collaboration, he confessed. He died of a heart attack before his one-year sentence began
Henri van de Velde: v. born April 3, 1863, Antwerp, Belg. died Oct. 25, 1957, Zürich, Switz. Belgian architect, designer, and teacher. Sharing the philosophy of William Morris and the Arts and Crafts Movement, van de Velde believed in creating beautiful everyday objects. Increasingly occupied by a philosophy of total design, in 1895 he designed Bloemenwerf, a house for his wife and himself outside of Brussels for which he also designed all the interiors and furnishings. In 1896 he designed furniture and interiors for the Paris art galleries of Samuel Bing; because of the curving, delicate nature of these designs, van de Velde is credited with bringing the Art Nouveau style to Paris. (Van de Velde himself is generally associated with the Jugendstil movement, which was the German branch of Art Nouveau design.) In Weimer in 1902 he reorganized the arts and crafts school and the academy of fine art and thus laid the foundations for the amalgamation of the two bodies into the Bauhaus in 1919. He designed his best-known structure, the curving, sinuous Werkbund Theatre in Cologne, in 1914. His later work includes the Belgian pavilions at the international exhibitions in Paris (1937) and New York (1939). He also created graphic design work, generally in the curvilinear Art Nouveau style, and he spread his ideas through lecturing and teaching
Hugo van der Goes: born 1440 died 1482, Roode Kloster, near Brussels Flemish painter. Nothing is known of his life before 1467, when he became a master in the painters' guild in Ghent. He received numerous commissions from the town of Ghent (processional banners, heraldic shields, etc.) through 1475. He was elected dean of the guild in 1474. The next year, at the height of his career, he entered a monastery near Brussels as a lay brother, though he continued to paint and travel. A mental breakdown in 1481 led to a suicide attempt, and he died the following year. His masterpiece and only documented work is a large triptych known as the Portinari Altarpiece ( 1473-78); an outstanding early example of northern realism, it shows psychological insight and an emotional intensity unprecedented in Flemish art. A poignant and disturbing Death of the Virgin is also attributed to him
Hugo van der Goes: (d. 1482) Flemish Renaissance painter, creator of "Death of the Virgin
Jacob Isaakszoon van Ruisdael: also spelled Ruysdael born 1628/29, Haarlem, Neth. buried March 14, 1682, Amsterdam Dutch landscape painter. He was probably trained by his father, a framemaker and artist. He was enrolled in the Haarlem painters' guild in 1648 and settled in Amsterdam 1656. He was a remarkably versatile artist, and some 700 paintings have been attributed to him. Whereas earlier Dutch artists used trees merely as decorative devices, Ruisdael made them the subject of his paintings and imbued them with forceful personalities through vigorous brushwork and strong colours in the Baroque style. The emotional force of his work is evident in the famous Jewish Cemetery ( 1660), where three tombstones crumble to ruin amid an ever-renewing nature. His late works include numerous panoramas of the flat Dutch countryside, in which a low, distant horizon is dominated by a vast, clouded sky. He is often considered the greatest Dutch landscape painter of all time
Jacob van Ruisdael: also spelled Ruysdael born 1628/29, Haarlem, Neth. buried March 14, 1682, Amsterdam Dutch landscape painter. He was probably trained by his father, a framemaker and artist. He was enrolled in the Haarlem painters' guild in 1648 and settled in Amsterdam 1656. He was a remarkably versatile artist, and some 700 paintings have been attributed to him. Whereas earlier Dutch artists used trees merely as decorative devices, Ruisdael made them the subject of his paintings and imbued them with forceful personalities through vigorous brushwork and strong colours in the Baroque style. The emotional force of his work is evident in the famous Jewish Cemetery ( 1660), where three tombstones crumble to ruin amid an ever-renewing nature. His late works include numerous panoramas of the flat Dutch countryside, in which a low, distant horizon is dominated by a vast, clouded sky. He is often considered the greatest Dutch landscape painter of all time
Jacobus H van't Hoff: born Aug. 30, 1852, Rotterdam, Neth. died March 1, 1911, Berlin, Ger. Dutch physical chemist. His early work on stereochemistry explained optical activity in terms of the tetrahedral bonding of carbon atoms in organic molecules (see configuration). His later work outlined the principles of chemical kinetics, applied the laws of thermodynamics to chemical equilibria, introduced modern concepts of chemical affinity, and advanced understanding of electrolytes. Equations relating osmotic pressure (see osmosis) to mole fraction of solute and relating the equilibrium constant to temperature bear his name. In 1901 he was awarded the first Nobel Prize for Chemistry
Jacobus Henricus van't Hoff: born Aug. 30, 1852, Rotterdam, Neth. died March 1, 1911, Berlin, Ger. Dutch physical chemist. His early work on stereochemistry explained optical activity in terms of the tetrahedral bonding of carbon atoms in organic molecules (see configuration). His later work outlined the principles of chemical kinetics, applied the laws of thermodynamics to chemical equilibria, introduced modern concepts of chemical affinity, and advanced understanding of electrolytes. Equations relating osmotic pressure (see osmosis) to mole fraction of solute and relating the equilibrium constant to temperature bear his name. In 1901 he was awarded the first Nobel Prize for Chemistry
James Augustus Joseph Van Der Zee: v. born June 29, 1886, Lenox, Mass., U.S. died May 15, 1983, Washington, D.C. U.S. photographer. In 1906 he moved with his family to Harlem in New York City. After a brief stint at a portrait studio in Newark, N.J., he returned to Harlem to set up his own studio. The portraits he took from 1918 to 1945 chronicled the Harlem Renaissance; among his many renowned subjects were Countee Cullen, Bill Robinson, and Marcus Garvey. After World War II his fortunes declined until the Metropolitan Museum of Art exhibited his photographs in 1969
James Van Der Zee: v. born June 29, 1886, Lenox, Mass., U.S. died May 15, 1983, Washington, D.C. U.S. photographer. In 1906 he moved with his family to Harlem in New York City. After a brief stint at a portrait studio in Newark, N.J., he returned to Harlem to set up his own studio. The portraits he took from 1918 to 1945 chronicled the Harlem Renaissance; among his many renowned subjects were Countee Cullen, Bill Robinson, and Marcus Garvey. After World War II his fortunes declined until the Metropolitan Museum of Art exhibited his photographs in 1969
Jan Baptista van Helmont: born Jan. 12, 1580, Brussels, Belg. died Dec. 30, 1644, Vilvoorde, Spanish Netherlands Belgian chemist, physiologist, and physician. Though he tended to mysticism, he was a careful observer and exact experimenter. The first to recognize gases other than air, he coined the word gas and discovered that the "wild spirits" (carbon dioxide) produced by burning charcoal and by fermenting grape juice were the same. For applying chemical principles to digestion and nutrition, he has been called the "father of biochemistry." His collected works were published in 1648
Jan Josephs van Goyen: born Jan. 13, 1596, Leiden, Neth. died April 27, 1656, The Hague Dutch painter and etcher. He studied in Leiden and Haarlem before settling at The Hague in 1632. Confining himself primarily to the scenery of Holland, he painted on wood panels; intricate detail, low horizons, and subtle atmospheric effects characterize his work. He excelled at capturing the moods of sky and water, Dutch cities, and lowland winter scenes. A prolific draftsman, he also executed many landscape etchings. He had numerous imitators. With Salomon van Ruysdael, he was the outstanding master of tonal landscape painting in 17th-century Holland
Jan Josephszoon van Goyen: born Jan. 13, 1596, Leiden, Neth. died April 27, 1656, The Hague Dutch painter and etcher. He studied in Leiden and Haarlem before settling at The Hague in 1632. Confining himself primarily to the scenery of Holland, he painted on wood panels; intricate detail, low horizons, and subtle atmospheric effects characterize his work. He excelled at capturing the moods of sky and water, Dutch cities, and lowland winter scenes. A prolific draftsman, he also executed many landscape etchings. He had numerous imitators. With Salomon van Ruysdael, he was the outstanding master of tonal landscape painting in 17th-century Holland
Jan van Eyck: a Flemish painter, especially of religious subjects painted in a realistic way (?1390-1441). born before 1395, Maaseik, Bishopric of Liège, Holy Roman Empire died , before July 9, 1441, Bruges Flemish painter. He is recorded in 1422 as a master painter working for John of Bavaria, count of Holland, and later was employed by Philip III the Good, duke of Burgundy. Securely attributed paintings survive only from the last decade of his career; 10 are signed and dated, an unusually large number for the period. He produced portraits and religious subjects that are unmatched for their technical brilliance, their intellectual complexity, and the richness of their symbolism; he perfected the newly developed technique of oil painting. His masterpiece is the Adoration of the Lamb (1432), known as the Ghent Altarpiece, which he painted with his brother Hubert ( 1370-1426). He is commonly regarded as the greatest northern European artist of the 15th century. His works were widely copied and avidly collected
Jan van Eyck: (c1390-1441) Flemish Renaissance painter who served in the royal court of Philip of Burgundy
Jan van Scorel: born August 1495, Schoorel, Habsburg Netherlands died Dec. 6, 1562, Utrecht Dutch humanist, architect, engineer, and painter. He studied briefly with Jan Gossart, who encouraged him to travel. Five years of work and study in Europe eventually took him to Rome. Returning to Holland in 1524, he introduced such Italian Renaissance elements as nudes, Classical draperies and architecture, and spacious imaginary landscapes. His greatest works are his portraits, which show his gift for characterization. He successfully combined the idealism of Renaissance Italy with the naturalism of northern European art in his paintings, and he bequeathed the style to successive generations of Dutch artists
Jimmy Van Heusen: v. orig. Edward Chester Babcock born Jan. 26, 1913, Syracuse, N.Y., U.S. died Feb. 7, 1990, Rancho Mirage, Calif. U.S. songwriter. He began working in radio in his teens. In the early 1930s he worked in Tin Pan Alley and later collaborated on songs such as "Darn That Dream" and "Polka Dots and Moonbeams." With Johnny Burke he wrote the songs for 23 Bing Crosby films. In 1954 he began collaborating with Sammy Cahn. He composed 76 songs for his friend Frank Sinatra, including "The Tender Trap" and "Come Fly with Me," and won Academy Awards for "Swinging on a Star," "All the Way," "High Hopes," and "Call Me Irresponsible
Johan van Oldenbarnevelt: born Sept. 14, 1547, Amersfoort, Spanish Netherlands died May 13, 1619, The Hague, Neth. Dutch statesman and a founding father of Dutch independence. A lawyer in the province of Holland, he helped William I negotiate the Union of Utrecht (1579). Appointed "great pensionary" of Holland, he mobilized Dutch resources for the military goals of Maurice of Nassau. As foreign secretary of the Union's seven provinces, he negotiated a triple alliance with France and England against Spain (1596). He later concluded the Twelve Years' Truce with Spain (1609), which reaffirmed Holland's dominant role in the republic. In 1617 he sided with the moderate Arminians in religious strife against the stricter Calvinists (known as Counter-Remonstrants) and Prince Maurice; he was arrested in 1618, convicted of religious subversion, and beheaded
Johannes Diederik van der Waals: born Nov. 23, 1837, Leiden, Neth. died March 9, 1923, Amsterdam Dutch physicist. As professor at the University of Amsterdam (1877-1907), he extended the classical ideal-gas law (see gas laws) to describe the behaviour of real gases, deriving the van der Waals equation of state in 1881. His work led to the liquefying of several common gases and made possible the study of temperatures near absolute zero. The van der Waals forces were named in his honour. He received a 1910 Nobel Prize
Joost van den Vondel: v. born Nov. 17, 1587, Cologne died Feb. 5, 1679, Amsterdam Dutch poet and dramatist. Of Mennonite parents, Vondel early showed a preference for using Christian mythology as the subject matter of his plays. He also wrote lampoons and satirical poems against the Dutch church and government. His dramatic tragedies, with their lyrical language and grandeur of conception, are his most important achievement. The Passover (1612) is his most notable early work. He first modeled his plays on ancient Latin drama but later turned to the Greek model; plays of the latter type include his masterpiece, the trilogy comprising Lucifer (1654), Adam in Exile (1664), and Noah (1667), which influenced John Milton's Paradise Lost
Karel van Mander: born May 1548, Meulebeke, Flanders, Spanish Netherlands died Sept. 2, 1606, Amsterdam, Neth. Dutch painter, poet, and writer. Born of a noble family, after much wandering he settled in Haarlem in 1583 and founded a successful academy of painting with Hendrik Goltzius and Cornelis Cornelisz (1562-1638). He is best known for The Book of Painters (1604), which contains about 175 biographies of Dutch, Flemish, and German painters of the 15th-16th centuries; it became for the northern countries what Giorgio Vasari's Lives of the Painters had been for Italy
Lake Van: v. Salt lake, eastern Anatolia. The largest lake in Turkey, it covers an area of 1,434 sq mi (3,713 sq km) and is more than 74 mi (119 km) across at its widest point. Its greatest depth exceeds 330 ft (100 m). It is fed by precipitation and meltwater as well as by several small tributaries. It has no apparent outlet, and its brackish waters are unsuitable for either drinking or irrigation
Le Van Duyet: born 1763, Quang Ngai province, Viet. died July 30, 1832, Saigon Vietnamese military strategist and government official. From his youth he was attached to the Vietnamese court. He acted as adviser to successive emperors and helped Prince Nguyen Anh (the future emperor Gia Long, founder of the Nguyen dynasty) conquer all of Vietnam, making use of Western armaments and military techniques. When Gia Long's successor ordered the persecution of Roman Catholic missionaries, Duyet refused; he was indicted posthumously for his defiance but later was honoured
Lucas Huyghszoon van Leyden: born 1489/94, Leiden, Neth. died before Aug. 8, 1533, Leiden Netherlandish painter and engraver. He was trained by his father, a painter, but his great talent was as an engraver. Even such youthful prints as Muhammad and the Monk Sergius (1508) show great technical skill. In 1510, under the influence of Albrecht Dürer, he produced two masterpieces of engraving, The Milkmaid and Ecce Homo, the latter much admired by Rembrandt. He is thought to have developed the technique of etching on copper (instead of iron) plates; the softness of copper permitted him to combine etching and line engraving in the same print. He was also among the first to employ aerial perspective in prints. Though his paintings seldom attain the power of his engravings, he was an outstanding Netherlandish painter of his period; The Last Judgment (1526-27) is his most celebrated painting
Lucas van Leyden: born 1489/94, Leiden, Neth. died before Aug. 8, 1533, Leiden Netherlandish painter and engraver. He was trained by his father, a painter, but his great talent was as an engraver. Even such youthful prints as Muhammad and the Monk Sergius (1508) show great technical skill. In 1510, under the influence of Albrecht Dürer, he produced two masterpieces of engraving, The Milkmaid and Ecce Homo, the latter much admired by Rembrandt. He is thought to have developed the technique of etching on copper (instead of iron) plates; the softness of copper permitted him to combine etching and line engraving in the same print. He was also among the first to employ aerial perspective in prints. Though his paintings seldom attain the power of his engravings, he was an outstanding Netherlandish painter of his period; The Last Judgment (1526-27) is his most celebrated painting
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe: a US architect, born in Germany, who many people consider to be one of the most important architects of the 20th century. He designed many steel and glass skyscrapers such as the Seagram Building in New York City. He was a teacher in the Bauhaus in Germany, and his buildings are very plain, practical, and without decoration (1886-1969). orig. Maria Ludwig Michael Mies born March 27, 1886, Aachen, Ger. died Aug. 17, 1969, Chicago, Ill., U.S. German-born U.S. architect and designer. Mies learned masonry from his father and later worked in the office of Peter Behrens. His first great work was the German Pavilion for the 1929 International Exposition in Barcelona, Spain, a travertine platform with chromed steel columns and spaces defined by planes of extravagant onyx, marble, and frosted glass. The steel-and-leather Barcelona chair he designed for the space went on to become a 20th-century classic. He was director of the Bauhaus in 1930-33, first in Dessau and then, during its final months, in Berlin. After moving to the U.S. in 1937, he became director of the School of Architecture at Chicago's Armour Institute (now the Illinois Institute of Technology), where he designed the school's new campus (1939-41). The International Style, with Mies its undisputed leader, reached its zenith during the next 20 years. His other projects included Chicago's Lake Shore Drive Apartments (1949-51), and the Seagram Building (1956-58, with Philip Johnson) in New York City. These buildings, steel skeletons sheathed in glass curtain-wall facades, exemplify Mies's dictum that "less is more." His later works include Berlin's New National Gallery (1963-68). Modernist steel-and-glass office buildings influenced by his work were built all over the world over the course of the 20th century
Ludwig van Beethoven: {i} (1770-1827) famous German composer
Ludwig van Beethoven: a German composer, one of the best known and most admired ever. His many famous works include the Fifth Symphony and the Emperor Concerto (1770-1827). (baptized Dec. 17, 1770, Bonn, archbishopric of Cologne died March 26, 1827, Vienna, Austria) German composer. Born to a musical family, he was a precociously gifted pianist and violist. After nine years as a court musician in Bonn, he moved to Vienna to study with Joseph Haydn and remained there for the rest of his life. He was soon well known as both a virtuoso and a composer, and he became the first important composer to earn a successful living while forsaking employment in the church or court. He uniquely straddled the Classical and Romantic eras. Rooted in the traditions of Haydn and Mozart, his art also encompassed the new spirit of humanism expressed in the works of German Romantic writers as well as in the ideals of the French Revolution, with its passionate concern for the freedom and dignity of the individual. His astonishing Third (Eroica) Symphony (1803) was the thunderclap that announced the Romantic century, and it embodies the titanic but rigorously controlled energy that was the hallmark of his style. He began to lose his hearing from 1795; by 1819 he was totally deaf. For his last 15 years he was unrivaled as the world's most famous composer. In musical form he was a considerable innovator, widening the scope of sonata, symphony, concerto, and string quartet. His greatest achievement was to raise instrumental music, hitherto considered inferior to vocal, to the highest plane of art. His works include the celebrated 9 symphonies; 16 string quartets; 32 piano sonatas; the opera Fidelio (1805, rev. 1814);2 masses, including the Missa Solemnis (1823); 5 piano concertos; a violin concerto (1806); 6 piano trios; 10 violin sonatas; 5 cello sonatas; and several concert overtures
Martin Van Buren: {i} (1782-1862) 8th president of the United States (1837-1841)
Martin Van Buren: the eighth president of the US, from 1837 to 1841 (1782-1862). born Dec. 5, 1782, Kinderhook, N.Y., U.S. died July 24, 1862, Kinderhook Eighth president of the U.S. (1837-41). He served in the New York Senate (1812-20) and as state attorney general (1816-19). An informal group of his political supporters came to be known as the Albany Regency because they dominated state politics even while Van Buren was in Washington. He was elected to the U.S. Senate (1821-28), where he supported states' rights and opposed a strong central government. After John Quincy Adams became president, he joined with Andrew Jackson and others to form a group that later became the Democratic Party. He was elected governor of New York (1828) but resigned to become U.S. secretary of state (1829-31). He was nominated for vice president at the first Democratic Party convention (1832) and served under Jackson (1833-37). As Jackson's chosen successor, he defeated William H. Harrison to win the 1836 election. His presidency was marked by an economic depression, the Maine-Canada border dispute (see Aroostook War), the Seminole Wars in Florida, and debate over the annexation of Texas. He was defeated in his bid for reelection and failed to win the Democratic nomination in 1844 because of his antislavery views. In 1848 he was nominated for president by the Free Soil Party but failed to win the election and retired
Professor Abraham Van Helsing: a vampire hunter who hunts down Dracula in the novel by Bram Stoker
Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn: {i} (1606-1669) Dutch painter and artist (famous for his works "Bathsheba" and "Aristotle Contemplating the Bust of Homer")
Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn: born July 15, 1606, Leiden, Neth. died Oct. 4, 1669, Amsterdam Dutch painter and etcher. The son of a prosperous miller in Leiden, he was apprenticed to masters there and in Amsterdam. His early works show the spotlight effects of light and shadow that were to dominate his later works. After moving to Amsterdam in 1631, he quickly became the city's most fashionable portrait painter, and in 1632 he was commissioned to paint the celebrated Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp. Yearning for recognition as a biblical and mythological painter, in 1635 he produced his Sacrifice of Isaac and in 1636 the unconventional masterpiece Danaë . In 1634 he married Saskia van Uylenburgh, a woman of property, and he painted many tender pictures of her until 1642, when Saskia died. That same year he completed his largest painting, the extraordinary but controversial The Militia Company of Captain Frans Banning Cocq (known as The Night Watch), which was a watershed in his life and art. His portrait commissions thereafter declined and he turned increasingly to etchings and biblical subjects. His Christ at Emmaus (1648) exemplifies the quiet dignity and vulnerability of his later spirituality. In 1656, after transferring most of his property to his son, he applied for bankruptcy. In his last decade he treated biblical subjects like portraits, and also did a wealth of self-portraits; many of these paintings evoke a timeless world of quiet, deep emotion. His paintings are characterized by luxuriant brushwork, rich colour, and a mastery of chiaroscuro. The silent human figure, Rembrandt's central subject, contributes to the sense of a shared dialogue between viewer and picture, the foundation of Rembrandt's greatness and of his popularity today
Rembrandt van Rijn: born July 15, 1606, Leiden, Neth. died Oct. 4, 1669, Amsterdam Dutch painter and etcher. The son of a prosperous miller in Leiden, he was apprenticed to masters there and in Amsterdam. His early works show the spotlight effects of light and shadow that were to dominate his later works. After moving to Amsterdam in 1631, he quickly became the city's most fashionable portrait painter, and in 1632 he was commissioned to paint the celebrated Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp. Yearning for recognition as a biblical and mythological painter, in 1635 he produced his Sacrifice of Isaac and in 1636 the unconventional masterpiece Danaë . In 1634 he married Saskia van Uylenburgh, a woman of property, and he painted many tender pictures of her until 1642, when Saskia died. That same year he completed his largest painting, the extraordinary but controversial The Militia Company of Captain Frans Banning Cocq (known as The Night Watch), which was a watershed in his life and art. His portrait commissions thereafter declined and he turned increasingly to etchings and biblical subjects. His Christ at Emmaus (1648) exemplifies the quiet dignity and vulnerability of his later spirituality. In 1656, after transferring most of his property to his son, he applied for bankruptcy. In his last decade he treated biblical subjects like portraits, and also did a wealth of self-portraits; many of these paintings evoke a timeless world of quiet, deep emotion. His paintings are characterized by luxuriant brushwork, rich colour, and a mastery of chiaroscuro. The silent human figure, Rembrandt's central subject, contributes to the sense of a shared dialogue between viewer and picture, the foundation of Rembrandt's greatness and of his popularity today
Rip van Winkle: the main character in a story by Washington Irving, who sleeps for 20 years and finds that the world has changed a lot when he wakes up. Rip Van winkle. Rip Van Winkle
Robert J Van de Graaff: v. born Dec. 20, 1901, Tuscaloosa, Ala., U.S. died Jan. 16, 1967, Boston, Mass. U.S. physicist. He worked as an engineer, then as a physics researcher at the University of Oxford (1925-29). From 1931 he continued his research at MIT, as a professor (1934-60). He developed a high-voltage electrostatic generator (later called the Van de Graaff generator) that served as a type of particle accelerator. In 1946 he cofounded the High Voltage Engineering Corp. to manufacture his accelerator. Widely used in atomic research, the device was also adapted to produce high-energy X rays for medical and industrial uses
Robert Jemison Van de Graaff: v. born Dec. 20, 1901, Tuscaloosa, Ala., U.S. died Jan. 16, 1967, Boston, Mass. U.S. physicist. He worked as an engineer, then as a physics researcher at the University of Oxford (1925-29). From 1931 he continued his research at MIT, as a professor (1934-60). He developed a high-voltage electrostatic generator (later called the Van de Graaff generator) that served as a type of particle accelerator. In 1946 he cofounded the High Voltage Engineering Corp. to manufacture his accelerator. Widely used in atomic research, the device was also adapted to produce high-energy X rays for medical and industrial uses
Robert Jemison Van de Graaff: {i} (1901-1967) United States physicist who invented the Van de Graaff generator
Rogier van der Weyden: born 1399/1400, Tournai, France died June 18, 1464, Brussels Flemish painter. He seems to have begun his painting career at the rather advanced age of 27, when he entered the studio of Robert Campin. In early paintings he combined Campin's bold style with the elegance and subtle visual refinements he admired in the art of Jan van Eyck. By 1435 he moved to Brussels and the next year was appointed city painter. During that period ( 1435-40) he executed the celebrated panel of the Descent from the Cross for the chapel of the Archers' Guild of Louvain. His international reputation grew, his work being particularly admired in Italy. Though most of his work was religious, he produced secular paintings (now lost) and some sensitive portraits. His art affected generations of Flemish artists and introduced the Flemish style throughout Europe
Salomon van Ruysdael: orig. Salomon de Goyer born 1600, Naarden, United Provinces buried Nov. 1, 1670, Haarlem, Neth. Dutch landscape painter. Uncle of Jacob van Ruisdael, he entered the Haarlem painters' guild in 1623 and became its head in 1648. Unlike other Baroque landscape painters of the period, including his nephew, Ruysdael generally painted actual landscapes, sometimes combining motifs from several places in one picture. His powerful later work exhibits a command of landscape elements and an increasing use of colour for effect
Sir Anthony Van Dyck: He soon came under the influence of Peter Paul Rubens, for his early works are painted in Rubens's Baroque style, though with darker and warmer colour, more abrupt chiaroscuro, and more angular figures. He was a master in the Antwerp artists' guild by 19, at which time he was also working with Rubens. He spent over five years in Italy (1621-27); on his return, he received many commissions for altarpieces and portraits. He also executed works on mythological subjects and was a fine draftsman and etcher, but he is chiefly known for his portraits, in which he idealized his models without sacrificing their individuality. In Britain in 1632, he was appointed court painter by Charles I. He gained a comfortable income from the many portraits he painted in Britain, and his life matched his clients' in luxury. His influence was pervasive and lasting; Flemish, Dutch, and German portraitists imitated his style and technique, and the 18th-century English portraitists, especially Thomas Gainsborough and Joshua Reynolds, were deeply indebted to him
Sir Anthony Van Dyck: Van Dyck, Sir Anthony. a Flemish painter who lived for some time in England, and painted portraits of the British king Charles I and his family (1599-1641). v. born March 22, 1599, Antwerp, Belg. died Dec. 9, 1641, London, Eng. Flemish painter. Son of a well-to-do silk merchant, he was apprenticed to an Antwerp painter at
Stephanus Van Cortlandt: v. born , May 7, 1643, New Amsterdam died Nov. 25, 1700, New York City American colonial official. He was a wealthy merchant in New Amsterdam. After the colony came under British rule (1664), he was appointed to the governor's council (1674). He became the first native-born mayor of New York City (1677, 1686-87) and later served as associate justice and chief justice of the New York supreme court (1691-1700)
Theo van Doesburg: orig. Christian Emil Maries Küpper born Aug. 30, 1883, Utrecht, Neth. died March 7, 1931, Davos, Switz. Dutch painter, decorator, and art theorist. Originally involved in theatre, in 1900 he began painting under the influence of Post-Impressionism and Fauvism. After meeting the painter Piet Mondrian in 1915, he turned to geometric abstraction. He was instrumental in founding the De Stijl group and the avant-garde periodical De Stijl. His advocacy of the geometric style was well received at the Bauhaus, where he taught briefly and influenced Le Corbusier, Walter Gropius, and Ludwig Mies van der Rohe. In 1926 Doesburg wrote his manifesto, "De Stijl", and in 1930 he moved to Paris and opened a studio, which became the focus of the movement
Transit van: A Transit van is a type of van that is used for carrying goods
Turkish van cat: Breed of semi-longhaired domestic cat distinguished mainly by its unusual colour pattern: white, with coloured markings only on the head and tail. "Van" is a common term in the breed's native region, Central and South Asia, used also to describe other cats with similar markings. The breed was brought to Europe by returning Crusaders. A unique feature is its cashmere-like, waterproof coat; it loves water, and in its native region it has been called the swimming cat. It is large, active, and intelligent
Vincent Van Gogh: a Dutch painter who went to live in southern France and who helped to develop the style of post-impressionism. His paintings typically use bright colours and have thick lines of paint in circular patterns, and the most famous ones include 'Sunflowers' and 'Irises'. He is also famous for being mentally ill and for cutting off one of his ears and later killing himself (1853-90). born March 30, 1853, Zundert, Neth. died July 29, 1890, Auvers-sur-Oise, near Paris, France Dutch painter. At 16 he was apprenticed to art dealers in The Hague, and he worked in their London and Paris branches (1873-76). After brief attempts at missionary work and theology, he studied drawing at the Brussels Academy; late in 1881 he settled at The Hague to work with a Dutch landscape painter, Anton Mauve. During his early years he painted three types of subjects still life, landscape, and figure all interrelated by their reference to the daily life of peasants (e.g., The Potato Eaters, 1885). After briefly studying at the Antwerp Academy, in 1886 he left to join his brother Theo, an art dealer, in Paris. There he met Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, Paul Gauguin, and others involved in Impressionism and Post-Impressionism. By the summer of 1887 he was painting in pure colours and using broken brushwork that was at times pointillistic, and by the beginning of 1888 his Post-Impressionist style had crystallized. He left Paris in February 1888 for Arles, in southeastern France. The pictures he created over the following 12 months depicting blossoming fruit trees, views of the town and surroundings, self-portraits, portraits of Roulin the postman and other friends, interiors and exteriors of the house, sunflowers, and landscapes marked his first great period. Gauguin arrived in October 1888, and for two months he and van Gogh worked together; but, while each influenced the other to some extent, their relations rapidly deteriorated. On Christmas Eve 1888, physically and emotionally exhausted, van Gogh snapped under the strain; after arguing with Gauguin, he cut off the lower half of his own left ear. At the end of April 1889, van Gogh entered an asylum but continued to paint; during his 12-month stay he completed 150 paintings and drawings. A move to Auvers-sur-Oise in 1890 was followed by another burst of activity, but he soon suffered a relapse and died that July of a self-inflicted gunshot wound. His 10-year artistic career produced more than 800 paintings and 700 drawings, of which he sold only one in his lifetime. His work had a powerful influence on the development of modern painting, and he is considered the greatest Dutch painter since Rembrandt
Vincent Willem van Gogh: born March 30, 1853, Zundert, Neth. died July 29, 1890, Auvers-sur-Oise, near Paris, France Dutch painter. At 16 he was apprenticed to art dealers in The Hague, and he worked in their London and Paris branches (1873-76). After brief attempts at missionary work and theology, he studied drawing at the Brussels Academy; late in 1881 he settled at The Hague to work with a Dutch landscape painter, Anton Mauve. During his early years he painted three types of subjects still life, landscape, and figure all interrelated by their reference to the daily life of peasants (e.g., The Potato Eaters, 1885). After briefly studying at the Antwerp Academy, in 1886 he left to join his brother Theo, an art dealer, in Paris. There he met Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, Paul Gauguin, and others involved in Impressionism and Post-Impressionism. By the summer of 1887 he was painting in pure colours and using broken brushwork that was at times pointillistic, and by the beginning of 1888 his Post-Impressionist style had crystallized. He left Paris in February 1888 for Arles, in southeastern France. The pictures he created over the following 12 months depicting blossoming fruit trees, views of the town and surroundings, self-portraits, portraits of Roulin the postman and other friends, interiors and exteriors of the house, sunflowers, and landscapes marked his first great period. Gauguin arrived in October 1888, and for two months he and van Gogh worked together; but, while each influenced the other to some extent, their relations rapidly deteriorated. On Christmas Eve 1888, physically and emotionally exhausted, van Gogh snapped under the strain; after arguing with Gauguin, he cut off the lower half of his own left ear. At the end of April 1889, van Gogh entered an asylum but continued to paint; during his 12-month stay he completed 150 paintings and drawings. A move to Auvers-sur-Oise in 1890 was followed by another burst of activity, but he soon suffered a relapse and died that July of a self-inflicted gunshot wound. His 10-year artistic career produced more than 800 paintings and 700 drawings, of which he sold only one in his lifetime. His work had a powerful influence on the development of modern painting, and he is considered the greatest Dutch painter since Rembrandt
Vincent van Gogh: (1853-1890) Dutch postimpressionist painter, creator of "Starry Night
Willard Van Orman Quine: v. born June 25, 1908, Akron, Ohio, U.S. died Dec. 25, 2000, Boston, Mass. U.S. logician and philosopher. He completed his Ph.D. at Harvard University in 1932 and joined the faculty there in 1936. From 1942 to 1945 he served as a naval intelligence officer in Washington, D.C. Promoted to full professor at Harvard in 1948, he remained there until 1978, when he retired. He produced highly original and important work in several areas of philosophy, including epistemology, logic, ontology, and the philosophy of language. He was known for rejecting epistemological foundationalism in favour of what he called "naturalized epistemology," whose modest task is merely to give a psychological account of how scientific knowledge is obtained. Though influenced by the logical positivism of Rudolf Carnap and other members of the Vienna Circle, he famously rejected one of their cardinal doctrines, the analytic-synthetic distinction. In ontology he rejected the existence of properties, propositions, and meanings as ill-defined or scientifically useless. He was also known for his behaviourist account of language learning and for his thesis of the "indeterminacy of translation," according to which there can be no "fact of the matter" about which of indefinitely many possible translations of one language into another is correct. His many books include Word and Object (1960), The Roots of Reference (1974), and an autobiography, The Time of My Life (1985)
Willem van de the Elder Velde: v. born 1611, Leiden, Neth. died December 1693, London, Eng. Dutch marine painter. He sailed with the Dutch fleet and painted its engagements with the English. Settling in England in 1672, he continued to paint marine subjects, often in collaboration with his son, Willem the Younger (1633-1707), who became the foremost marine painter of his time. The latter was appointed court painter by Charles II in 1677 and was commissioned to paint England's naval battles; many of his works are housed in London's National Maritime Museum
be on the van of: be in the foremost position of
camper van: A camper van is a van which is equipped with beds and cooking equipment so that you can live, cook, and sleep in it
commercial van: van which is used for business travel and deliveries
delivery van: truck used to transport goods
guard's van: The guard's van of a train is a small carriage or part of a carriage in which the guard travels. the part of a train where the person in charge of it travels American Equivalent: caboose
guard's van: the car on a train that is occupied by the guard
luggage van: baggage car: a railway car where passengers' bags are carried
mies van der rohe: United States architect (born in Germany) who built unornamented steel frame and glass skyscrapers (1886-1969)
moving van: a van used for moving home or office furniture
moving van: a large vehicle used for moving furniture from one house to another British Equivalent: removal van
pantechnicon van: (British) large van for moving furniture, moving van
passenger van: a van that carries passengers
police van: van used by police to transport prisoners
prince van Oranje count van Nassau Maurits: Dutch in full Maurits, prince van Oranje, count van Nassau born Nov. 13, 1567, Dillenburg, Nassau died April 23, 1625, The Hague Dutch general and statesman. The son of William I (the Silent), he was invested in 1585 as stadtholder (chief executive) of the northern provinces of the Netherlands. With political direction from Johan van Oldenbarnevelt, Maurice consolidated the power of the provinces against Spain and made them trade and shipping centres. He used military planning and siege warfare to defeat Spanish forces in the north and east but failed to take the southern Netherlands and was forced to conclude a truce with Spain in 1609. His development of military strategy and tactics made the Dutch army the most modern in Europe. In 1618 he consolidated his political power after removing Oldenbarnevelt from office, and as prince of Orange, count of Nassau, he became effectively king of the Netherlands
removal van: a large vehicle used for moving furniture and other things from one house to another
rip van winkle: a person who sleeps a lot a person oblivious to social changes
vanning: A process by which ores are washed on a shovel, or in a vanner
vans: A California-based manufacturer of casual sneakers and skateboarding shoes, founded by Paul Van Doren
vans: Value Added Networks
vans: Vehicles having a typical seating capacity of 5 to 15 passengers and classified as a van by vehicle manufacturers A modified van is a standard van that has undergone some structural changes, usually made to increase its size and particularly its height The seating capacity of modified vans is approximately 9 to 18 passengers
vans: Plural of van
white van man: a man who drives a white van, especially when delivering goods in a city, in an aggressive and dangerous way

التركية - الإنجليزية

تعريف van في التركية الإنجليزية القاموس.
mobil van: (Askeri) mobile van
ben-van: I-van
storm van leeuwen odası: (Tıp) storm van leeuwen chamber

van

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Van

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vän

النطق

/ˈvan/ /ˈvæn/

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[ 'van ] (noun.) 14th century. From Armenian Վան, in many cases via Turkish Van.

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van

تعريف van في الإنجليزية التركية القاموس.

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تعريف van في التركية التركية القاموس.

المصطلحات ذات الصلة

تعريف van في الإنجليزية الإنجليزية القاموس.

المصطلحات ذات الصلة

تعريف van في التركية الإنجليزية القاموس.

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