topeka

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الإنجليزية - التركية
kansas
الإنجليزية - الإنجليزية
The capital of the state of Kansas, USA
the capital city of the US state of Kansas. City (pop., 2000: 122,377), capital of Kansas, U.S. Situated on the Kansas River, Topeka was founded in 1854 by a group of antislavery colonists and was prominent in the political conflict between proslavery groups and the antislavery Free Soil Party. In 1859 it was the headquarters for the building of the Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe Railway system. It has been the state capital since Kansas was admitted to the Union in 1861. The economy is based on agriculture, manufacturing, and governmental services. The Menninger family established its clinics there, making Topeka a national centre for the treatment of mental illness. Atchison Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad Co. Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka Topeka Constitution
{i} capital city of Kansas (USA)
the capital of the state of Kansas; located in eastern Kansas on the Kansas river

المصطلحات ذات الصلة

Topeka Constitution
(1855) Resolution to establish an antislavery territorial government in Kansas. To counter the proslavery government established after passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act, antislavery settlers met in Topeka to draft a constitution that banned slavery. In January 1856 they elected a free-state governor and legislature, which created two governments. Pres. Franklin Pierce condemned the Topeka document and supported the proslavery government. The U.S. House of Representatives voted to admit Kansas under the Topeka Constitution, but the Senate blocked the move. The unresolved situation led to the conflict known as Bleeding Kansas
Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad Co. Atchison
Former railway. Chartered in Kansas in 1860 by Cyrus K. Holliday, the founder of Topeka, as the Atchison and Topeka Railroad Co., it was built along the Santa Fe Trail and became known as the Santa Fe Railway. Its main line, completed in 1872, extended to the Colorado state border. Further expansion west in the 1880s and early 1890s reached about 9,000 mi (14,500 km) of track. It reached its greatest extent in 1941, with more than 13,000 mi (21,000 km) of track, but gradually shrank thereafter. In 1971 its famously luxurious passenger service was sold to Amtrak. In the 1990s it merged with Burlington Northern to become Burlington Northern Santa Fe Railway
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
a US legal case which resulted in a famous decision by the US Supreme Court in 1954. It was decided that black students should be allowed to attend the same schools and universities as white students, and this officially ended segregation in the US education system. Following this, some children were taken by bus to different schools in order to mix blacks and whites Plessy v. Ferguson. (1954) U.S. Supreme Court case in which the court ruled unanimously that racial segregation in public schools violated the 14th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. The amendment says that no state may deny equal protection of the laws to any person within its jurisdiction. The court declared separate educational facilities to be inherently unequal, thus reversing its 1896 ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson. The Brown ruling was limited to public schools, but it was believed to imply that segregation is not permissible in other public facilities. Guidelines for ending segregation were presented and school boards were advised to proceed "with all deliberate speed." See also Thurgood Marshall
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