russian

A Russian is a Russian citizen, or a person of Russian origin. Three-quarters of Russians live in cities. relating to Russia, its people, or its language. Russian Formalism Russian Federation Aeroflot Russian Airlines Anglo Russian Entente Franco Russian Alliance Russian Civil War Russian language Russian Orthodox Church Russian Revolution of 1905 Russian Revolution of 1917 Russian Social Democratic Workers' Party Gosudarstvenny Universalny Magazin Russian: State Department Store

Of or pertaining to Russia, its inhabitants, or language

of or pertaining to or characteristic of Russia or its people or culture or language; "Russian dancing"

(160 million)

Wolk

X: Sona poltshok (Glis ) - Oreshnikovaa sona (Muscardinus) - Lesnaa sona (Dryomys) - Sadovaa sona (Eliomys) - Mbshevidnaa sona (Myomimus)

Requires Cyrillic localization kit (like InterType) English to Russian lexicon Russian to English lexicon

A native or inhabitant of Russia; the language of Russia

The nickname of a Russian is “a Bear,” or the “Northern Bear ”

a native or inhabitant of Russia

the Slavic language that is the official language of Russia of or pertaining to or characteristic of Russia or its people or culture or language; "Russian dancing

the Slavic language that is the official language of Russia

russ

He can speak Russian, too. - He can also speak Russian.

He can also speak Russian. - He can speak Russian too.

Russian Blue

A domestic cat breed

Russian Empire

The name of the Russian state in 1721-1917

Russian Orthodox Church

Any of a number of organizations based primarily in Russia and affiliated with the Eastern Orthodox Church of Christianity

Russian SFSR

Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, the name for modern day Russia before the collapse of the Soviet Union (1917-1991)

Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic

The official name for modern day Russia before the collapse of the Soviet Union (1917-1991)

Russian alphabet

The 33-letter alphabet of the Modern Russian language, consisting of the following letters (presented in upper case (majuscule) and lower case (minuscule) pairs):

А а, Б б, В в, Г г, Д д, Е е, Ё ё, Ж ж, З з, И и, Й й, К к, Л л, М м, Н н, О о, П п, Р р, С с, Т т, У у, Ф ф, Х х, Ц ц, Ч ч, Ш ш, Щ щ, Ъ ъ, Ы ы, Ь ь, Э э, Ю ю, Я я.

Russian alphabet

The Russian alphabet used before 1918, consisting of the above letters plus the following four:

І і, Ѳ ѳ, Ѣ ѣ, Ѵ ѵ.

Russian ball

A type of juggling ball with a hard, shiny outer shell, filled with sand or another filler material designed to be more visible than beanbags

Russian balls

plural form of Russian ball

Russian doll

An issue or situation which repeatedly reveals more levels of complexity

Russian doll

One of a set of hollow nesting dolls, usually wooden and decorated

Russian dolls

plural form of Russian doll

Russian dressing

An American salad dressing, a spiced blend of mayonnaise and ketchup

Russian gauge

A railway gauge of 1,520 or 1,524 mm, used primarily in the former Soviet Union

Russian gold

A name for a gold-copper alloy more commonly called rose gold. The alloy was popular in Russia at one time but the term is now less common than it was

Russian roulette

A deadly game in which a person loads a single bullet in the cylinder of a revolver, spins the cylinder so that the location of the bullet is unknown, points the weapon at his/her head, and pulls the trigger. In its most lethal form, played by multiple participants each of whom takes a turn until the weapon discharges

Russian Bear

{i} nickname given to a clumsy person

Russian Civil War

(1918-20) Conflict between the newly formed Bolshevik government and its Red Army against the anti-Bolshevik forces in Russia. The unfavourable Treaty of Brest-Litovsk concluded with Germany caused socialists opposed to Vladimir Lenin to break with the Bolsheviks and join the right-wing Whites and their volunteer army under Anton Denikin. In an attempt to create another front in World War I, the Allies gave limited support to the Whites. The Moscow government responded to the growing anti-Bolshevik movement by expelling Menshevik and Social Revolutionary deputies from the government, and it began a campaign of "Red terror" that gave increased powers to the secret police (Cheka) to arrest and execute suspects. The Bolsheviks maintained control over the heart of the country, but the anti-Bolsheviks gained power in Ukraine and Omsk, where Aleksandr Kolchak and other dissident groups joined together to fight the Red Army. Confused by the struggles between communists, Russian Whites, and Ukrainian nationalists, the Allies withdrew their support by 1919. After early military successes against the Red Army, the White forces under Kolchak were defeated by early 1920. Other White troops under Nikolay Yudenich failed to take St. Petersburg. The last White stronghold in the Crimea under Pyotr Wrangel, Denikin's successor, was defeated in November 1920, ending the Russian Civil War

Russian Federation

{i} Russia (formerly Soviet Russia)

Russian Orthodox Church

The Eastern Orthodox Church that is under the leadership of the patriarch of Russia and has autonomous branches in other countries. the main religious group of Russia. It is a Christian church that began in the 11th century by separating from the Catholic Church. The Orthodox Church has very complicated religious ceremonies in which the words are mostly sung rather than spoken, and the it is closely related to the Greek Orthodox Church. Orthodox. Eastern Orthodox church of Russia, its de facto national church. In 988 Prince Vladimir of Kiev (later St. Vladimir) embraced Byzantine Orthodoxy and ordered the baptism of his population. By the 14th century, the metropolitan of Kiev and all Russia (head of the Russian church) was residing in Moscow; dissatisfied western Russian principalities obtained temporary separate metropolitans, but authority was later recentralized under Moscow. In the 15th century the church, rejecting Metropolitan Isidore's acceptance of union with the Western church (see Council of Ferrara-Florence), appointed their own independent metropolitan. Moscow saw itself as the "third Rome" and the last bulwark of true Orthodoxy; in 1589 the head of the Russian church obtained the title patriarch, putting him on a level with the patriarchs of Constantinople, Alexandria, Antioch, and Jerusalem. The reforms of Nikon caused a schism within the church (see Old Believers), and Peter I abolished the patriarchate in 1721, making church administration a department of the state. The patriarchate was reestablished in 1917, two months before the Bolshevik revolution, but under the soviets the church was deprived of its legal rights and practically suppressed. It saw a great resurgence following the collapse of the Soviet Union (1991). The Russian Orthodox Church in the U.S. became independent from Moscow in 1970

Russian Revolution

the events of 1917, when the Russian people overthrew their tsar before the communists took over under the leadership of Lenin

Russian Revolution of 1905

Unsuccessful uprising in Russia against the tsarist regime. After several years of mounting discontent, a peaceful demonstration was crushed by Tsar Nicholas II's troops in the Bloody Sunday massacre. General strikes followed in St. Petersburg and other industrial cities. The revolt spread to non-Russian parts of the empire, including Poland, Finland, and Georgia. Antirevolutionary groups, including the Black Hundreds, opposed the rebellion with violent attacks on socialists and pogroms against Jews. By October 1905, general strikes had spread to all the large cities, and the workers' councils or soviets, often led by the Mensheviks, became revolutionary governments. The strikes' magnitude convinced Nicholas II, advised by Sergey Witte, to issue the October Manifesto, promising an elected legislature. The concessions satisfied most moderates, though the more ardent revolutionaries refused to yield, and pockets of resistance in Poland, Georgia, and elsewhere were harshly suppressed as the regime restored its authority. While most of the revolutionary leaders, including Leon Trotsky, were arrested, the revolution forced the tsar to institute reforms such as a new constitution and a Duma, though he failed to adequately implement various promised reforms

Russian Revolution of 1917

Revolution that overthrew the imperial government and placed the Bolsheviks in power. Increasing governmental corruption, the reactionary policies of Tsar Nicholas II, and catastrophic Russian losses in World War I contributed to widespread dissatisfaction and economic hardship. In February 1917 riots over food scarcity broke out in Petrograd (St. Petersburg). When the army joined the rebels, Nicholas was forced to abdicate. A provisional government, headed by Georgy Lvov, was appointed in March and tried to continue Russia's participation in World War I, but it was opposed by the powerful Petrograd workers' soviet, which favoured Russian withdrawal from the war. Other soviets were formed in major cities and towns, choosing members from factories and military units. The soviet movement was dominated by the Socialist Revolutionary Party, followed by the Mensheviks and the Bolsheviks. Between March and October, the provisional government was reorganized four times; Aleksandr Kerensky became its head in July; he survived a coup attempt by Lavr Kornilov but was unable to halt Russia's slide into political and military chaos. By September the Bolsheviks, led by Vladimir Lenin, had achieved majorities in the Petrograd and Moscow soviets and won increasing support among the hungry urban workers and soldiers. In October they staged a nearly bloodless coup (the "October Revolution"), occupying government buildings and strategic points. Kerensky tried unsuccessfully to organize resistance, then fled the country. The congress of soviets approved the formation of a new government composed mainly of Bolsheviks. See also April Theses; Aleksandr Guchkov; July Days; Russian Civil War

Russian Romance

novel written by Meir Shalev (Israeli author)

Russian Social-Democratic Workers' Party

Marxist revolutionary party that preceded the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. Founded in Minsk in 1898, it held that Russia could achieve socialism only after developing a bourgeois society with an urban proletariat. The party split in 1903 because of the argument between the Bolshevik wing, led by Vladimir Ilich Lenin, and the Menshevik wing, led by L. Martov, over Lenin's proposals for a party composed of professional revolutionaries. Party members were active in the Russian Revolution of 1905. In the turmoil of the Russian Revolution of 1917, the Bolsheviks broke completely with the Mensheviks and changed their name to "Russian Communist Party (Bolshevik)

Russian citizen

{i} citizen of Russia

Russian cosmonaut

Russian astronaut

Russian czar

{i} names for the kings of Russia before the revolution

Russian doll

A Russian doll is a hollow wooden doll that is made in two halves. Inside it are a series of similar wooden dolls, each smaller than the last, placed one inside the other

Russian dressing

Salad dressing, such as mayonnaise, with chili sauce or ketchup, chopped pickles, and pimientos

Russian language

East Slavic language spoken by about 170 million people in Russia, former republics of the Soviet Union, and émigré communities. For many non-Russian ethnic groups both within and outside contemporary Russia, it is a common second language and lingua franca. Since the Middle Ages, Russian has gradually expanded its speech area from its historical locus in the upper Volga and Dnieper River drainages northward and eastward. Russian speakers penetrated Siberia in the 16th century and reached the Pacific in the 17th century. Russian became a full-fledged literary language in the 18th century, when it finally displaced Church Slavonic (see Old Church Slavonic language). Dialect differences in Russian are not great, considering the enormous territory over which it is spoken, and the upheavals of the 20th century eroded such distinctions as exist

Russian republic

{i} Federal republic founded in 1991 with the breakup of the former Soviet Union

Russian roulette

If someone plays Russian roulette, they fire a gun with only one bullet at their head without knowing whether it will shoot them. a game in which you risk killing yourself by shooting at your head with a gun that has six spaces for bullets but only one bullet in it

Russian roulette

If you say that someone is playing Russian roulette, or that what they are doing is like playing Russian roulette, you mean that what they are doing is very dangerous because it involves unpredictable risks. You are playing Russian roulette every time you have unprotected sex

Russian roulette

deadly game in which one spins the cylinder of a pistol loaded with one bullet then points it to one's own head and pulls the trigger

Russian thistle

A red-stemmed, prickly Eurasian plant (Salsola kali var. tenuifolia) that is a troublesome weed in western North America

russian agency

an administrative agency of the Russian government

russian almond

Asiatic shrub cultivated for its rosy red flowers

russian bank

solitaire with two players using separate packs

russian church

It forms a portion, by far the largest, of the Eastern Church and is governed by the Holy Synod

russian church

The established church of the Russian empire

russian church

The czar is the head of the church, but he has never claimed the right of deciding questions of theology and dogma

russian dandelion

perennial dandelion native to Kazakhstan cultivated for its fleshy roots that have high rubber content

russian dressing

mayonnaise with horseradish grated onion and chili sauce or catsup; sometimes with caviar added

russian federation

a federation in northeastern Europe and northern Asia; formerly Soviet Russia; since 1991 an independent state

russian monetary unit

monetary unit in Russia

russian olive

deciduous shrubby tree of Europe and western Asia having gray leaves and small yellow fruits covered in silvery scales; sometimes spiny

russian orthodox church

an independent church with its own Patriarch; until 1917 it was the established church or Russia

russian revolution

the revolution against the Czarist government which led to the abdication of Nicholas II and the creation of a provisional government in March 1917 the coup d'etat by the Bolsheviks under Lenin in November 1917 that led to a period of civil war which ended in victory for the Bolsheviks in 1922

russian river

a river in northern California

russian roulette

a stunt in which you spin the cylinder of a revolver that is loaded with only one bullet and then point the muzzle at your head and pull the trigger

russian thistle

prickly bushy Eurasian plant; a troublesome weed in central and western United States

russian-speaking

able to communicate in Russian

Black Russian

A cocktail containing vodka and a coffee-flavoured liqueur such as Kahlua

I don't speak Russian

Indicates that the speaker is unable to speak the Russian language

Little Russian

inhabitant of Little Russia, Ukrainian

A well-defined ethnical line is all that separates the Slovaks from the Magyars and the Little Russians.

Old Russian

The Old East Slavic language

White Russian

The Belarusian language

White Russian

A cocktail consisting of coffee liqueur, vodka, and milk

White Russian

(Russian history) A Russian who supported the tsar in the 1917 Revolution and the Russian Civil War (1918–20), and afterwords

White Russian

A strain of marijuana containing very high THC levels - in excess of 22%

White Russian

A Belarusian person

White Russian

Of or related to Russians with tsarist sympathies in the period directly following the 1917 Revolution

Aeroflot -Russian Airlines

National airline of the former Soviet Union. Founded in 1928 as Dobroflot, it was reorganized as Aeroflot in 1932. During the Soviet era Aeroflot was the world's largest airline, with about 15% of all civil air traffic. After the 1991 breakup of the Soviet Union, Aeroflot surrendered its monopoly over commercial air travel in the former Soviet states. It was renamed Aeroflot-Russian Airlines in June 2000

Anglo-Russian Entente

(1907) Pact in which Britain and Russia settled their colonial disputes in Persia, Afghanistan, and Tibet. It delineated spheres of influence in Persia, stipulated that neither country would interfere in Tibet's internal affairs, and recognized Britain's influence over Afghanistan. The agreement led to the formation of the Triple Entente

Federation of Russian States

Russia

Franco-Russian Alliance

or Dual Alliance (1894) Political and military pact between France and Russia that was one of the basic European alignments of the pre-World War I era. In the event of war, France wanted support against Germany, and Russia against Austria-Hungary. The alliance was formalized through an exchange of letters in order to preserve secrecy, and it was to be in force as long as the opposing Triple Alliance. The alliance was renewed and strengthened in 1899 and 1912

Gosudarstvenny Universalny Magazin Russian: State Department Store

abbreviation of Gosudarstvenny Universalny Magazin (Russian: "State Department Store") Largest department store in Russia. Situated in Moscow's Red Square, it occupies a huge, ornate building (constructed 1889-93) that once housed more than 1,000 shops. GUM now includes about 150 shops selling food, clothing, home appliances, watches and cameras, and many other goods. It functions more like a Western-style shopping mall than a department store and is a popular tourist attraction

Great Russian

A Russian. Used formerly in distinguishing ethnic Russians from other constituent peoples of the Soviet Union or the Russian Empire

Izvestiya Sovetov Deputatov Trudyashchikhsya SSSR Russian: News of the Councils

formerly in full Izvestiya Sovetov Deputatov Trudyashchikhsya SSSR (Russian: "News of the Councils of Working People's Deputies of the U.S.S.R.") Russian daily newspaper published in Moscow, the official national publication of the Soviet government until 1991. Founded in 1917, it grew rapidly in circulation. Restrictions during World War II and under Joseph Stalin slowed its growth, but it was transformed into a lively, readable daily under the editorship of Alexei Adzhubei, Nikita Khrushchev's son-in-law, while remaining an instrument of the state. Following the Soviet Union's breakup, it became an independent, employee-owned publication whose liberal editorial policy often put it at odds with both unreconstructed communists and Russian nationalists

Old Russian

The Russian language as used in documents from the middle of the 11th to the end of the 16th century

Telegrafnoe Agentsvo Sovetskovo Soyuza Russian: Telegraph Agency of the Soviet U

formerly TASS in full Telegrafnoe Agentsvo Sovetskovo Soyuza (Russian: "Telegraph Agency of the Soviet Union") As TASS, the official news agency of the Soviet Union from 1925 to 1991. It was renamed ITAR-TASS in 1992. The main source of news for all Soviet newspapers and radio and television stations, it was also a major international wire service. After the Soviet Union's 1991 breakup, TASS was reorganized into the Information Telegraph Agency of Russia (ITAR), reporting on news of Russia, and the Telegraph Agency of the Countries of the Commonwealth (TASS), reporting on news of other countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States. ITAR-TASS dispatches on matters of public policy and international affairs reflect the official position of the state

great russian

a member of the chief stock of Russian people living in European Russia; used to distinguish ethnic Russians from other peoples incorporated into Russia

the Russian language