modal logic

الإنجليزية - التركية

تعريف modal logic في الإنجليزية التركية القاموس.

modal mantık

الإنجليزية - الإنجليزية

تعريف modal logic في الإنجليزية الإنجليزية القاموس.

Any formal system that attempts to deal with modalities, such as possibility and necessity, but also obligation and permission

Formal systems incorporating modalities such as necessity, possibility, impossibility, contingency, strict implication, and certain other closely related concepts. The most straightforward way of constructing a modal logic is to add to some standard nonmodal logical system a new primitive operator intended to represent one of the modalities, to define other modal operators in terms of it, and to add axioms and/or transformation rules involving those modal operators. For example, one may add the symbol L, which means "It is necessary that," to classical propositional calculus; thus, Lp is read as "It is necessary that p." The possibility operator M ("It is possible that") may be defined in terms of L as Mp = Lp (where means "not"). In addition to the axioms and rules of inference of classical propositional logic, such a system might have two axioms and one rule of inference of its own. Some characteristic axioms of modal logic are: (A1) Lp p and (A2) L(p q) (Lp Lq). The new rule of inference in this system is the Rule of Necessitation: If p is a theorem of the system, then so is Lp. Stronger systems of modal logic can be obtained by adding additional axioms. Some add the axiom Lp LLp; others add the axiom Mp LMp

a system of logic whose formal properties resemble certain moral and epistemological concepts the logical study of necessity and possibility

الواصلة

mod·al log·ic

التركية النطق

mōdıl läcîk

النطق

/ˈmōdəl ˈläʤək/ /ˈmoʊdəl ˈlɑːʤɪk/