john calvin

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{i} (1509-1564) Swiss-born French theologian and reformer, leader of the Protestant Reformation

a French Protestant leader and theologian (=someone who studies religion and religious beliefs) , whose ideas strongly influenced the Reformation (=the time when many Christians left the Catholic religion and started the Protestant religion) (1509-64). French Jean Cauvin born July 10, 1509, Noyon, Picardy, France died May 27, 1564, Geneva, Switz. French Protestant theologian and major figure of the Reformation. He studied religion at the University of Paris and law in Orléans and Bourges. When he returned to Paris in 1531 he studied the Bible and became part of a movement that emphasized salvation by grace rather than by works. Government intolerance prompted him to move to Basel, Switz., where he wrote the first edition of Institutes of the Christian Religion (1536). Gaining a reputation among Protestant leaders, he went to Geneva to help establish Protestantism in that city. He was expelled by city fathers in 1538 but returned in 1541, when the town council instituted the church order outlined in his Ecclesiastical Ordinances, including enforcement of sexual morality and abolition of Catholic "superstition." He approved the arrest and conviction for heresy of Michael Servetus. By 1555 Calvin had succeeded in establishing a theocracy in Geneva, where he served as pastor and head of the Genevan Academy and wrote the sermons, biblical commentaries, and letters that form the basis of Calvinism

المصطلحات ذات الصلة

John Calvin Coolidge

born July 4, 1872, Plymouth, Vt., U.S. died Jan. 5, 1933, Northampton, Mass. 30th president of the U.S. (1923-29). He practiced law in Massachusetts from 1897 and served as lieutenant governor before being elected governor in 1918. He gained national attention by calling out the state guard during the Boston Police Strike in 1919. At the 1920 Republican convention, "Silent Cal" was nominated for vice president and elected on a ticket with Warren G. Harding. When Harding died in office in 1923, Coolidge became president. He restored confidence in an administration discredited by scandals and won the presidential election in 1924, easily defeating Democrat John W. Davis and Progressive Robert La Follette. He vetoed measures to provide farm relief and bonuses to World War I veterans. His presidency was marked by apparent prosperity. Congress maintained a high protective tariff and instituted tax reductions that favoured capital. Coolidge declined to run for a second term. His conservative policies of domestic and international inaction have come to symbolize the era between World War I and the Great Depression

الواصلة

John Cal·vin

التركية النطق

cän kälvın

النطق

/ˈʤän ˈkalvən/ /ˈʤɑːn ˈkælvən/