club

الإنجليزية - التركية

تعريف club في الإنجليزية التركية القاموس.

kulüp

Ben, zaman zaman onunla kulüpte karşılaşırım. - I meet him at the club from time to time.

George bugün kulüpte. - George is at the club today.

golf sopası

Tom bir golf sopasıyla ölesiye dövüldü. - Tom was beaten to death with a golf club.

O bir golf sopası ile onu öldüresiye dövdü. - She beat him to death with a golf club.

tokmak

{i} çomak

lokal

klüp

Klüpten men edilmiştir. - He has been barred from the club.

Klüp saat kaçta açılır? - What time does the club open?

değnek

1986'ya kadar İngiltere'nin okullarında, çocukları kemerlerle, değneklerle ve sopalarla cezalandırmak yasaldı. - Until 1986, in the schools of England, it was legal to punish children with belts, sticks, and clubs.

cop

Ben sinek asa sahibim. - I have the ace of clubs.

sopa

Tom bir golf sopasıyla ölesiye dövüldü. - Tom was beaten to death with a golf club.

O bir golf sopası ile onu öldüresiye dövdü. - She beat him to death with a golf club.

sopa ile vurmak/dövmek

club steakufak

{f} toplanmak

{f} sopalamak

{f} katılmak

Masaru İngiliz Kulübüne katılmak istiyor. - Masaru wants to join the English Club.

Hangi kulübe katılmak istersiniz? - Which club do you want to join?

{f} dipçiklemek

iskambil sinek

kulü

O, futbol kulübünün üyesidir. - He belongs to the soccer club.

Kulübün bütün üyeleri benimle anlaştılar. - All the members of the club agreed with me.

{i} sinek (iskambil)

peynir ve domates konarak yapılan üç dilim ekmek

{i} isk. sinek, ispati

{f} ortakça yatırmak

{i} lobut

club moss kurdayay

ispati

Lycopodium clavatum club sandwieh içine et

{f} ortak olmak

club car büfeli vagon

{f} dövmek

{f} toplamak

(Bilgisayar) klüp kartı

club of the rich nations

club and association membership

klüp ve dernek üyeliği

(Ticaret) aidatı

club infrastructure

(Spor) kulüp altyapısı

club sandwich

klüp sandviç

club sandwich

karışık ve işletmeye özel sandviç

Ben sinek asa sahibim. - I have the ace of clubs.

(Tıp) çomak parmak

(Tıp) clubbing

(Ticaret) yatırım kulübü

investment club

(Ticaret) menkul kıymetler borsasında

night club

pavyon

service club

(Askeri) erat gazinosu

chess club

satranç kulübü

country club

kırdaki spor ve eğlence kulübü

O bir golf sopası ile onu öldüresiye dövdü. - She beat him to death with a golf club.

Tom'un mağazası golf sopası, top, ayakkabı ve diğer aksesuarları satmaktadırç - Tom's store sells golf clubs, balls, shoes and other accessories.

golf club

golf kulübü

Üç yıl önce golf kulübüne katıldım. - I joined the golf club three years ago.

O, seçkin bir golf kulübüdür. - That's an exclusive golf club.

at yarışlarını idare eden klüp

Bar, kulüp gibi eğlence mekanlarının gediklisi

clubs

kulüpleri

Tom yüksek sesli müziğin olduğu kulüpleri sevmiyor. - Tom doesn't like clubs where there is loud music.

Okul kulüpleri yaklaşan okul yılı için yapmayı planladıkları kamu hizmeti projelerini açıkça ana hatlarıyla belirtmelidir. - School clubs need to clearly outline the community service projects they plan to do for the upcoming school year.

comedy club

Komedi kulübü

He has made random appearances at a famed comedy club in New York.

comedy club

komedi club

country club

Şehirlere yakın kırlık yerde olan golf, tenis ve sosyal faaliyetlerin yapıldığı kulüp

jerusalem soccer club

Jerusalem futbol kulübü

night club

gece klübü

scottish soccer club

scottish futbol kulübü

(Askeri) SİVİL KULÜP: Bir tesiste mevcut sivil personele, bedeni ve ruhi istirahatlerini temin maksadıyla, o tesisin komutanı tarafından tahsis edilen daimi veya geçici bina

clubs

sinekler (iskambil)

diner's club

(Bilgisayar) diner's club

is there a bowling club in the town

şehirde bowling salonu var mı

london club

(Ticaret) londra kulübü

officer's club

(Askeri) orduevi

privateâ€™s club

(Askeri) er gazinosu

service club

(Askeri) ERAT GAZİNOSU: Bir askeri tesisteki erata ve aileleri efradına eğlenme ve sosyal faaliyetler için imkanlar hazırlayan bir tesis. Bu gazino; Moral Hizmetleri Subayı (Special Services Officer) nın murakabesi altında gazino idare heyeti tarafından idare edilir ve çalıştırılır

slate club

tasarruf derneği

sport club president

الإنجليزية - الإنجليزية

تعريف club في الإنجليزية الإنجليزية القاموس.: To combine into a club-shaped mass; to join together to form a group; A nightclub; A heavy stick intended for use as a weapon; Any set of people with a shared characteristic
Michael stood you up? Welcome to the club.; A playing card marked with the symbol &clubs
I've got only one club in my hand.; An implement to hit the ball in some ballgames, e.g. golf; To go to nightclubs; to hit with a club
He clubbed the poor dog.; An association of members joining together for some common purpose, especially sports or recreation; {n} a heavy stick, shot, society, suit of cards; {v} to join, to join in common expence; unite with a common purpose; "The two men clubbed together; An association of persons for the promotion of some common object, as literature, science, politics, good fellowship, etc; an association supported by equal assessments or contributions of the members; golf equipment used by a golfer to hit a golf ball; A joint charge of expense, or any person's share of it; a contribution to a common fund; enlarged antennal segments at the end of the antenna in some species; Any association of persons organized for social, religious, benevolent, or academic purposes; whose facilities are open to members and guests, including fraternities, sororities, and social organizations; a group of players who get together to play bridge, or the place where such a group meets; (1) A group of people organized for a social, literary or other purpose (In our case a club can be a one craft enthusiast); To raise, or defray, by a proportional assesment; as, to club the expense; A club is an organization of people interested in a particular activity or subject who usually meet on a regular basis. the Chorlton Conservative Club. a youth club He was club secretary; {f} bludgeon, beat, bash, strike; stout stick that is larger at one end; "he carried a club in self defense"; "he felt as if he had been hit with a club"; unite with a common purpose; "The two men clubbed together"; An association of persons for social, political athletic or other ends; A boom on a jib or staysail; a team of professional baseball players who play and travel together; "each club played six home games with teams in its own division"; A club is a place where the members of a club meet. I stopped in at the club for a drink; wig having ends of hair turned under, sometimes referred to as a CATOGAN; {i} group that meets periodically for a shared activity (i.e. literary club); location for social gatherings; bat, cudgel; shamrock-shaped symbol (on playing cards); To drift in a current with an anchor out; To club a person or animal means to hit them hard with a thick heavy stick or a similar weapon. Two thugs clubbed him with baseball bats Clubbing baby seals to death for their pelts is wrong; Clubs is one of the four suits in a pack of playing cards. Each card in the suit is marked with one or more black symbols: ♣. the ace of clubs. A club is a playing card of this suit. The next player discarded a club. clubbed clubbing to hit someone hard with a heavy object. book club club moss Cotton Club Feuillants Club Jacobin Club Kit Cat Club Sierra Club Cordeliers Club; To form a club; to combine for the promotion of some common object; to unite; pl; To throw, or allow to fall, into confusion; stout stick that is larger at one end; "he carried a club in self defense"; "he felt as if he had been hit with a club" a playing card in the minor suit of clubs (having one or more black trefoils on it); "he led a small club"; "clubs were trumps" a formal association of people with similar interests; "he joined a golf club"; "they formed a small lunch society"; "men from the fraternal order will staff the soup kitchen today" strike with a club or a bludgeon gather and spend time together; "They always club together" unite with a common purpose; "The two men clubbed together; a building occupied by a club; "the clubhouse needed a new roof"; a team that plays in a league; The suit of cards having such figure; strike with a club or a bludgeon gather and spend time together; "They always club together"; A heavy staff of wood, usually tapering, and wielded with the hand; a weapon; a cudgel; Used as a shorten name for a golf course or the equipment used to strike a ball Golf Club, refer to the Rules for full specifications and restrictions; a formal association of people with similar interests; "he joined a golf club"; "they formed a small lunch society"; "men from the fraternal order will staff the soup kitchen today"; esp; A club is a long, thin, metal stick with a piece of wood or metal at one end that you use to hit the ball in golf. a six-iron club. = golf club; A club is the same as a nightclub. It's a big dance hit in the clubs. the London club scene; Any card of the suit of cards having a figure like the trefoil or clover leaf; To beat with a club; {s} pertaining to a club (location for social gatherings; group that meets periodically for a shared activity); strike with a club or a bludgeon; gather and spend time together; "They always club together"; a roster of users in the Udanax-gold access control system There are three clubs: readers, writers and owners; A club is a team which competes in sporting competitions. Liverpool football club; To unite, or contribute, for the accomplishment of a common end; as, to club exertions; A club is a thick heavy stick that can be used as a weapon. Men armed with knives and clubs attacked his home; a spot that is open late at night and that provides entertainment (as singers or dancers) as well as dancing and food and drink; "don't expect a good meal at a cabaret"; "the gossip columnist got his information by visiting nightclubs every night"; "he played the drums at a jazz club"; a playing card in the minor suit of clubs (having one or more black trefoils on it); "he led a small club"; "clubs were trumps"; To pay on equal or proportionate share of a common charge or expense; to pay for something by contribution; bang
club drug: A psychedelic drug characterized by its primary users and the settings in which it is used, in this case young adults at dance clubs and raves
club drugs: plural form of club drug
club haul: to tack a square-rigged sailing ship in a narrow space by using a lee anchor to turn the ship
club kid: A denizen of a nightclub
club kids: plural form of club kid
club moss: Any of various simple microphyllous vascular plants, of the family Lycopodiaceae, that resemble mosses and produce spores
club mosses: plural form of club moss
club nine: an 1800s baseball term meaning the team
club sandwich: A type of sandwich, always served as a double-decker, usually cut into quarters, traditionally made with turkey, bacon, lettuce, and tomato
club sandwiches: plural form of club sandwich
club soda: soda water or seltzer
club-hop: To spend a short time in each of several nightclubs
club-hopping: That club-hops
club-hopping: The action of making a series of short visits to a series of nightclubs
club-moss: Alternative spelling of club moss
club-rush: Any of several rushlike plants, of the genus Scirpus and others, including the reed mace and bulrush
club med: Club Med (short for Club Méditerranée) is a French corporation of vacation resorts found in many parts of the world, usually in highly exotic locations. It is seen by many as having started the all-inclusive resort concept, which is now a popular vacationing style for people of all ages
Club 18-30: a British company that sells low-cost holidays to young people aged between 18 and 30, mainly in places on the Mediterranean coast
Club Med: international hotel and resort chain
Club Med: a company that sells holidays in many parts of the world, aimed especially at younger people. Its full name is 'Club Méditerranée'. Club Med holidays are based in specially-built villages
club car: A railroad passenger car equipped with lounge chairs, tables, a buffet or bar, and other comforts. Also called lounge car
club car: railroad car having a bar and tables and lounge chairs
club chair: A heavily upholstered easy chair with arms and a low back
club class: a part of some planes where each seat has more space and more comfort than the usual seat, but is more expensive = business class
club drug: a controlled subtance that is usually taken by young people at dance clubs and raves
club face: That part of the club head which comes into direct contact with the ball
club face: (illustrated)
club foot: club foot club feet in AM, usually use clubfoot If someone has a club foot, they are born with a badly twisted foot. a foot that has been badly twisted since birth and that prevents someone from walking properly
club fungus: a club-shaped coral fungus
club member: someone who is a member of a club
club member: one who belongs to a club, member of a group
club moss: Any of about 200 species of primitive vascular plants that constitute the genus Lycopodium (order Lycopodiales), mainly native to tropical mountains but also common in northern forests of both hemispheres. They are evergreen plants with needlelike leaves and, often, conelike clusters of small leaves (strobili; see cone), each with a kidney-shaped spore capsule at its base. Representative species include running pine, or stag's horn moss (L. clavatum), ground cedar \(L. complanatum flabelliforme'), shining club moss (L. lucidulum), fir club moss (L. selago), ground pine (L. obscurum), and alpine club moss (L. alpinum)
club moss: primitive evergreen mosslike plant with spores in club-shaped strobiles
club root: A disease of cabbage and related plants, caused by a fungus (Plasmodiophora brassicae) and characterized by knobby or club-shaped swellings on the roots and wilting, yellowing, and stunted growth of aboveground parts
club sandwich: made with three slices of usually toasted bread
club sandwich: layered sandwich containing different fillings (meat, tomatoes, etc.)
club sandwich: A sandwich composed of two or three slices of bread with a filling of various meats, tomato, lettuce, and dressing. a large sandwich consisting of three pieces of bread with two different kinds of cold food between them
club soda: effervescent beverage artificially charged with carbon dioxide
club soda: Club soda is fizzy water used for mixing with alcoholic drinks and fruit juice. = soda water. water filled with bubbles that is often mixed with other drinks = soda water
club steak: Delmonico steak: small steak from the front of the short loin of beef
club together: If people club together to do something, they all give money towards the cost of it. For my thirtieth birthday, my friends clubbed together and bought me a watch
4-H Club: A youth organization supported and sponsored by the United States Department of Agriculture, offering courses and lessons in agriculture and home economics
Christmas club: A type of savings scheme in which a person pays in money through the course of a year and gets back a total at around Christmas time ready to buy gifts or treats for Christmas. Such schemes have been run by banks and retailers and generally only involve fairly small amounts of money
Mile High Club: A supposed club that one joins by having sex aboard an aircraft
Monday Club: The Conservative Monday Club, a far-right pressure group with its origins in the British Conservative Party, so named because it originally met over lunch on Mondays
balloon club: a club for ballooning enthusiasts
billy club: A short rounded club used by policemen
book club: A commercial organization offering subscribers a selection of books from a catalogue
book club: A group of people who meet to discuss the books they have been reading
booster club: An organization devoted to collecting funds for specific other organization
boys' club: A male-dominated organization, especially in business, that excludes or mistreats women
camera club: A club (social organization) devoted to photography
clubbing: Present participle of club
clubbing: An instances of using a club
There was an outbreak of near-fatal clubbings in that area.
clubbing: A thickening of the ends of fingers and toes
clubs: Third-person singular simple present indicative form of club
clubs: One of the four suits of playing cards, marked with the symbol ♣
fan club: An organization of people (fans) of a particular person or body of works
game club: An organization devoted to bringing game players together
gay club: A nightclub whose clientele consists primarily of homosexual men
golf club: In golf, the implement used to hit the golf ball
golf club: A club or organization where golf is played
golf-club: Alternative spelling of golf club
gun club: A club for firearms enthusiasts
health club: A facility with exercise equipment and sometimes instructors, open to the public or those on some membership list
join the club: An expression of sympathy for a shared experience
You're getting poor response times? Join the club!.
motorcycle club: a group of individuals whose primary interest and activities involve motorcycles
old boys' club: A boys' club (organization that excludes women), especially one with an established history of male control
strip club: establishment whose main purpose is to have strippers
tennis club: an organization whose members play tennis together
warehouse club: the club itself
warehouse club: a large retail store holding a wide selection of goods for sale at discounted prices to members of the club
join the club: An expression indicating that the person spoken to is in the same, or a similar, unfortunate state as the speaker
comedy club: A comedy club is a venue, typically a nightclub, where people watch or listen to performances, including stand-up comedians, improvisational comedians, impersonators, magicians, ventriloquists and other comedy acts. The term "comedy club" usually refers to venues that feature standup comedy, as distinguished from improv theaters that host improv or sketch comedy and variety clubs that may also host musical acts
comedy club: Komedyenlerin sahne alıp, gösteri yaptıkları eğlence mekânı
country club: A suburban club for social and sports activities, usually featuring a golf course
A club: burden
All-England Club: a club in Wimbledon, London that has grass tennis courts, where the famous tennis competition called Wimbledon is played every year. Its official name is the 'All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club'
Cambridge University Technology and Enterprise Club: {i} CUTEC, organization run by students at the University of Cambridge (England) that concentrates on technology venture capital and aims to increase and push the spirit of entrepreneurship in academics and students by promoting interaction with investors and industry experts
Cordeliers Club: officially Society of the Friends of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen Club founded in 1790 during the French Revolution to prevent the abuse of power and "infractions of the rights of man. " Popularly named for its original meeting place at the nationalized monastery of the Cordeliers (Franciscans), the club became a political force under Jean-Paul Marat and Georges Danton. Leadership later fell to Jacques-Réne Hébert and others, who helped overthrow the Girondins and gave the club a more radical tone. It fell into oblivion after Hébert's execution in 1794
Cotton Club: Nightclub in New York City's Harlem district in the 1920s and '30s. It opened in 1922 at 142nd Street and Lenox Avenue under the management of the reputed bootlegger Owney Madden (1892-1964). It became fashionable and featured the finest African American performers in the U.S., performing for an exclusively white audience. Louis Armstrong, Cab Calloway, Duke Ellington, Lena Horne, Bill Robinson, and Ethel Waters were among its featured artists. The club later moved downtown (1936-40)
Diner's Club: type of credit card
Football Club of Basel: football team of the city of Basel (city in northwestern Switzerland), FCB
Indian club: n. A bottle-shaped wooden club swung in the hand for gymnastic exercise
Jockey Club: the organization in charge of horse racing in the UK. Some other countries also have a Jockey Club
Kennel Club: KC a British organization for people who breed dogs, which decides what physical features each type of dog should have. The Kennel Club also organizes dog shows, including Cruft's, and it keeps records of the pedigrees of all purebred dogs in the UK
Lions Club: charitable club devoted to the promotion of responsible citizenship and good government and community and national and international welfare
Lions Club: an international organization whose members work together to help their local areas by doing charity work
Newcastle United Football Club: Soccer team based in Newcastle (England)
Pony Club: a British organization that arranges horse riding activities for children
Sierra Club: a US organization that tries to protect the environment, especially natural areas such as forests, mountains, and rivers. The Sierra Club is also a social club for people who like to hike. U.S. organization for the conservation of natural resources, headquartered in San Francisco. It was founded in 1892 by a group of Californians, including John Muir, who wanted to sponsor wilderness outings in Pacific Coast mountain regions. As its first president, Muir initiated the club's involvement in political action on behalf of nature conservation. With branches in all 50 states, it works to educate the public on environmental issues and lobbies local, state, and federal agencies for environmental legislation
The Breakfast Club: {i} 1985 United States movie for teenagers telling the story of five teenagers and how they spent a Saturday in detention together
Variety Club of Great Britain: a British charity organization which gives money, holidays, vehicles etc to poor or sick children. Its members are people who work in television, films, and popular theatre
baseball club: a team of professional baseball players who play and travel together; "each club played six home games with teams in its own division
billiard club: social club where people can play billiards
billy club: A short stick or club, especially a police officer's club
book club: club which sells books at a discount to its members; club which meets to discuss and review books
book club: A book club is an organization that offers books at reduced prices to its members. A commercial organization that sells books to its members on a regular, usually monthly, basis and typically at a discount. Marketing service that offers books to subscribers through the mail, often at reduced prices. The first U.S. book club, the Book-of-the-Month Club, was founded in 1926; the rival Literary Guild appeared a year later. By the 1980s nearly 100 book clubs existed in the U.S., most of them specialized (e.g., for history books, mysteries, etc.). A common incentive for attracting new members is the offer of several free or heavily discounted books; long-standing members often receive bonuses
chess club: a club of people to play chess
clubbed: past of club
clubbed: Shaped like a club; grasped like, or used as, a club
clubber: One who clubs
clubber: One who partakes in clubbing, who frequents nightclubs
clubber: One who clubs, who hits objects with a club
clubber: A clubber is someone who regularly goes to nightclubs
clubber: A member of a club
clubbing: The practice of frequenting nightclubs
clubbing: a condition in which the ends of toes and fingers become wide and thick; a symptom of heart or lung disease
clubbing: Clubbing is the activity of going to night clubs. the activity of going to nightclubs
clubbing: {i} going from night club to night club [Slang]
clubbing: Enlargement of the tips of the fingers and toes, especially visible in the nailbeds Clubbing is usually associated with long-standing cyanosis and low oxygen levels in the blood
clubbing: The ends of the fingers and toes enlarge and bend inward; related to inadequate oxygen-rich blood supply Often seen with congenital heart defects, but also seen in other conditions
clubbing: refers to a condition where tips of the fingers enlarge and the nails become curved from front to back as a result of chronic low blood-oxygen levels
clubbish: Rude; clownish
clubbish: effusively sociable; "a clubbish set"; "we got rather clubby
clubbish: Disposed to club together; as, a clubbish set
clubs: The lowest suit in the bidding
clubs: One of the four suits of playing cards, marked with the symbol â™£
clubs: Real Estate
clubs: Used to strike the ball Broken into 3 main groups, woods, irons and putters
clubs: Plural of club
clubs: A maximum of 14 of any variation may be carried in a competition
clubs: An organization catering exclusively to members and their guests, or premises and buildings for recreational, artistic, political, or social purposes, which are not conducted primarily for gain and which do not provide merchandise, vending, or commercial activities except as required incidentally for the membership and purpose of such club
clubs: There seems to be a kind of hierarchy to how Goth clubs get organised: most fair-sized towns have a small-scale local Goth night, usually on a weekly, fortnightly or monthly basis- see Helix, the UK Goth listings page, for more information The next step up is the larger and more well-known clubs which cover an entire area, and then there's Slimelight Helix is undoubtedly a Goth's best friend when it comes to going out, covering club locations, venues and prices as well as gig listings and information about one-off events
clubs: the lowest-ranking suit; symbol
country club: A country club is a club in the country where you can play sports and attend social events. A suburban club for social and sports activities, usually featuring a golf course. a sports and social club, especially one for rich people
country club: a suburban club for recreation and socializing
country club: A club usually located in the suburbs or vicinity of a city or town and devoted mainly to outdoor sports
devil's club: A spiny deciduous shrub (Oplopanax horridus) of western North America, having wide palmate leaves, greenish-white flowers, and scarlet fruit clustered in umbels
fan club: club of followers or admirers (such as fans of a sports or rock legend)
football club: place where American football practice and games take place; place where soccer practice and games take place
glee club: A group of singers who perform usually short pieces of choral music. a group of people who sing together for enjoyment
golden club: An aquatic plant (Orontium aquaticum) of the eastern United States, having a clublike, golden-yellow spadix, small blue-green berries, and floating leaves
golf club: A golf club is a long, thin, metal stick with a piece of wood or metal at one end that you use to hit the ball in golf
golf club: golf equipment used by a golfer to hit a golf ball a club of people to play golf
golf club: a club of people to play golf
golf-club head: (golf) the head of the club which strikes the ball
grainy club: a variety of grainy club mushrooms
health club: {i} establishment providing means to improve fitness and health (exercise equipment, pool, sauna, massage, etc.)
hercules'-club: densely spiny ornamental of southeastern United States and West Indies
indian club: a bottle-shaped club used in exercises
investment club: a group of people who meet regularly to decide which invesments to buy and sell together, with money that they all put into the group
investors club: a club of small investors who buy and sell securities jointly
jockey club: a club to promote and regulate horse racing
key club: A private club featuring liquor and entertainment
night club: establishment of late night entertainment (offering food, drink, music, and dancing)
nuclear club: the nations possessing nuclear weapons
pensioners club: club which provides activities and a place for seniors to get together
racket club: club for players of racket sports
rotary club: a group of businessmen in a town organized as a service club and to promote world peace
rowing club: a club for person who row
service club: club that performs services for the general public
service club: a national organization made of smaller local groups in which members do things to help their community
ski club: group that goes skiing on snow, skiing club
slate club: a group of people who save money in a common fund for a specific purpose (usually distributed at Christmas)
snooker club: billiard club, pool club
social club: A social club is a club where members go in order to meet each other and enjoy leisure activities. a club where its members can go to spend time, talk, drink etc with other members
soldier grainy club: a variety of grainy club

التركية - الإنجليزية

تعريف club في التركية الإنجليزية القاموس.
clubbing: (Tıp) clubbing
diner's club: (Bilgisayar) diner's club

club

التركية النطق

klʌb

المترادفات

cudgel, baton, billy, blackjack, bludgeon, business, conk buster, convincer, cosh, hammer, hickory, mace, mallet, nightstick, persuader

النطق

/ˈkləb/ /ˈklʌb/

علم أصول الكلمات

[ 'kl&b ] (noun.) 13th century. From Middle English clubbe, from Old Norse klubba (“cudgel”), cognate with Old High German kolbo (“club”) and German Kolbe (“club”)