arthur

الإنجليزية - التركية

تعريف arthur في الإنجليزية التركية القاموس.
king arthur: kral arthur

التركية - التركية

تعريف arthur في التركية التركية القاموس.
arthur miller: Bütün Oğullarım, Satıcının ölümü, Cadı Kazanı gibi tiyatro yapıtlarıyla tanınan ve geçenlerde 90 yaşındayken ölen ABD'li oyun yazarı

الإنجليزية - الإنجليزية

تعريف arthur في الإنجليزية الإنجليزية القاموس.: A patronymic surname; A male given name
Is his name Arthur?” “Arthur James.” “It’s quite an old-fashioned name.” “We’re an old-fashioned family. His mother was fond of Tennyson.”.; The 21st President of the United States (1881-1885) who became President after the assassination of James A. Garfield. He supported the 1883 Pendleton Act, which created the Civil Service Commission to regulate federal appointments. in old stories, a king of Britain. Port Arthur Adamov Arthur Arthur's Pass Arthur Chester Alan Ashe Arthur Robert Jr. Baldwin James Arthur Balfour of Whittingehame Arthur James 1st Earl Bell Arthur Clive Heward Bliss Sir Arthur Edward Drummond Buchwald Arthur Cary Arthur Joyce Lunel Chamberlain Arthur Neville Charles Philip Arthur George prince of Wales Clarke Arthur Charles Compton Arthur Holly Conan Doyle Sir Arthur Currie Sir Arthur William Dart Raymond Arthur Dubuffet Jean Philippe Arthur Eddington Sir Arthur Stanley Erickson Arthur Charles Evans Sir Arthur John Fiedler Arthur Freed Arthur Arthur Grossman Albert Frederick Arthur George Gielgud Sir Arthur John Glaser Donald Arthur Gobineau Joseph Arthur count de Godfrey Arthur Morton Goldberg Arthur Joseph Granit Ragnar Arthur Griffith Arthur Harden Sir Arthur Harris Sir Arthur Travers 1st Baronet Heiden Eric Arthur Honegger Arthur Ferguson Arthur Jenkins John Arthur Johnson Koestler Arthur Kornberg Arthur Larkin Philip Arthur Linkletter Arthur Gordon Miller Arthur Mitchell Arthur Eric Arthur Blair Pinero Sir Arthur Wing Quiller Couch Sir Arthur Thomas Rackham Arthur Rank Joseph Arthur Baron Rank of Sutton Scotney Rimbaud Jean Nicolas Arthur Russell Bertrand Arthur William 3rd Earl Russell Sackler Arthur Mitchell Saint Léon Charles Victor Arthur Michel Schlesinger Arthur Meier and Schlesinger Arthur Meier Jr. Schnitzler Arthur Schopenhauer Arthur Arthur Flegenheimer Seyss Inquart Arthur Arthur Jacob Arshawsky Sullivan Sir Arthur Seymour Sulzberger Arthur Hays Sulzberger Arthur Ochs Symons Arthur William Tappan Arthur Tatum Arthur Tedder of Glenguin Arthur William Tedder 1st Baron Vandenberg Arthur Hendrick Waugh Evelyn Arthur St. John Wellington Arthur Wellesley 1st duke of Zimmermann Arthur Arthur Stanley Jefferson Salisbury Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne Cecil 3rd marquess of; {i} male first name; used in England since early Middle Ages; popular in the 19th and early 20th centuries; a legendary king of the Britons (possibly based on a historical figure in the 6th century but the story has been retold too many times to be sure); said to have led the Knights of the Round Table at Camelot elected Vice President and became 21st President of the United States when Garfield was assassinated (1830-1886); : Is it cold out? I don't know, I'll check Arthur OUR THERMOMETER, that is; elected Vice President and became 21st President of the United States when Garfield was assassinated (1830-1886); King of the Silures, a tribe of ancient Britons, was mortally wounded in the battle of Camlan, in Cornwall, raised by the revolt of his nephew, Modred He was taken to Glastonbury, where he died His wife was Guinever, who committed adultery with Sir Launcelot of the Lake, one of the Knights of the Round Table He was the natural son of Uther and Igerna (wife of Gorlois, duke of Cornwall), and was brought up by Sir Ector He was born at Tintadgel or Tintagel a castle in Cornwall His habitual residence was Caerleon, in Wales; and he was buried at Avalon His sword was called Excalibar or Excalibor; his spear, Rome (1 syl ), and his shield, Pridwin His dog was named Cavall (See Round Table Knights ); (? d c 510) Legendary champion of the British against the Anglo-Saxon invaders Most of the stories about him belong to the 12th century and later, and even his existence is disputed by many scholars; An illegal arms dealer in Brusseles, Shadow Earth; arctophilia; arctophobia
Arthur Daley: A person who is devious, who cheats people, and who often resorts to confidence tricks
Tony Blair and Gordon Brown are the Arthur Daleys of British politics, according to the Conservative leader.
Arthur Daleys: plural form of Arthur Daley
Arthur Jr. Ashe: born July 10, 1943, Richmond, Va., U.S. died Feb. 6, 1993, New York, N.Y. U.S. tennis player. He won his first grand-slam singles title (the 1968 U.S. Open) as an amateur. The first African American member of the U.S. Davis Cup team, he helped win five championships (1963, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1978). In 1975 he won the Wimbledon singles title and received World Championship Tennis top ranking. He retired in 1980 and became captain of the U.S. Davis Cup team (to 1985). Off the court he was a critic of racial injustice, including South Africa's apartheid policy. In 1992 he revealed that he had been infected with HIV by a transfusion following surgery, and he thereafter devoted time to increasing public awareness of AIDS. The U.S. Open is now played at Arthur Ashe Stadium, which opened at the National Tennis Center in Flushing, N.Y., in 1997
Arthur Adamov: born Aug. 23, 1908, Kislovodsk, Russia died March 16, 1970, Paris, France Russian-born French playwright. He settled in Paris in 1924, and his first major work, written after suffering a nervous breakdown, was his autobiography, The Confession (1938-43). Influenced by August Strindberg and Franz Kafka, he began writing plays in 1947. Professor Taranne (1953) and Ping-Pong (1955) expressed a view of life's meaninglessness that was characteristic of the Theatre of the Absurd. In Paolo Paoli (1957) and later plays, he abandoned Absurdism for radical political theatre influenced by Bertolt Brecht. He died from a drug overdose, an apparent suicide
Arthur Ashe: a US tennis player who, in 1975, was the first black man to win the men's singles competition at Wimbledon (1943-93)
Arthur Blakey: {i} Art Blakey (1919-1990), United States jazz drummer and one of the inventors of the modern bebop style of drumming, known as Abdullah Ibn Buhaina
Arthur Buchwald: born Oct. 20, 1925, Mt. Vernon, N.Y., U.S. U.S. humour writer and columnist. Buchwald moved to Paris in 1948. His popular original column reviews of the city's nightlife for the International Herald Tribune increasingly included offbeat spoofs and candid comments from celebrities. After moving in 1961 to Washington, D.C., he began poking fun at issues in the news, soon becoming established as one of the sharpest satirists of American politics and modern life. His widely syndicated work won a Pulitzer Prize in 1982. His books include numerous collections of columns and the memoir I'll Always Have Paris (1996)
Arthur C Clarke: born Dec. 16, 1917, Minehead, Somerset, Eng. British science-fiction writer. He first published stories while in the Royal Air Force and, after earning a degree in physics and mathematics, wrote such novels as Childhood's End (1953), Earthlight (1955), Rendezvous with Rama (1973), and The Fountains of Paradise (1979). He collaborated with Stanley Kubrick in making 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968, film and novel). Some of Clarke's ideas have proved remarkably prescient. Since the 1950s he has lived in Sri Lanka. In 1997 he published 3001: The Final Odyssey. He was knighted in 2000
Arthur C. Clarke: {i} (born 1917) British science fiction writer, author of "2001: A Space Odyssey
Arthur Charles Clarke: born Dec. 16, 1917, Minehead, Somerset, Eng. British science-fiction writer. He first published stories while in the Royal Air Force and, after earning a degree in physics and mathematics, wrote such novels as Childhood's End (1953), Earthlight (1955), Rendezvous with Rama (1973), and The Fountains of Paradise (1979). He collaborated with Stanley Kubrick in making 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968, film and novel). Some of Clarke's ideas have proved remarkably prescient. Since the 1950s he has lived in Sri Lanka. In 1997 he published 3001: The Final Odyssey. He was knighted in 2000
Arthur Charles Erickson: born June 16, 1924, Vancouver, B.C., Can. Canadian architect. He first earned wide recognition with his plan for Simon Fraser University (1963-65), designed with Geoffrey Massey, which included an enormous skylit indoor plaza that served as a sensitive response to a cool, rainy climate. Robson Square, Vancouver (1978-79), a large civic centre, incorporates waterfalls, a roof garden, plazas, and stairs with integrated ramps. His other works include the University of British Columbia's Museum of Anthropology (1976), with its succession of concrete piers and broad expanses of glass, and the Canadian Embassy in Washington, D.C. (1989), a blend of contemporary and Neoclassical elements that echo its surroundings
Arthur Clive Heward Bell: born Sept. 16, 1881, East Shefford, Berkshire, Eng. died Sept. 17, 1964, London British art critic. He studied at Cambridge University and in Paris. In 1907 he married Vanessa Stephen, sister of Virginia Woolf; with Virginia's husband, Leonard Woolf, and Roger Fry, they formed the core of the Bloomsbury group. Bell's most important aesthetic ideas were published in Art (1914) and Since Cézanne (1922), in which he promoted his theory of "significant form" (the quality that distinguishes works of art from all other objects). His assertion that art appreciation involves an emotional response to purely formal qualities, independent of subject matter, was influential for several decades
Arthur Compton: born Sept. 10, 1892, Wooster, Ohio, U.S. died March 15, 1962, Berkeley, Calif. U.S. physicist. He taught at the University of Chicago (1923-45) and later served as chancellor (1945-54) and professor (1953-61) at Washington University. He is best known for his discovery and explanation of the Compton effect, for which he shared with C.T.R. Wilson the 1927 Nobel Prize for Physics. He was later instrumental in initiating the Manhattan Project, and he directed the development of the first nuclear reactors
Arthur Compton: {i} Arthur Holly Compton (1892-1962), American physicist, winner of the 1927 Nobel Prize in Physics
Arthur Conan Doyle: {i} (1859-1930) British writer, author of the Sherlock Holmes novels
Arthur Erickson: born June 16, 1924, Vancouver, B.C., Can. Canadian architect. He first earned wide recognition with his plan for Simon Fraser University (1963-65), designed with Geoffrey Massey, which included an enormous skylit indoor plaza that served as a sensitive response to a cool, rainy climate. Robson Square, Vancouver (1978-79), a large civic centre, incorporates waterfalls, a roof garden, plazas, and stairs with integrated ramps. His other works include the University of British Columbia's Museum of Anthropology (1976), with its succession of concrete piers and broad expanses of glass, and the Canadian Embassy in Washington, D.C. (1989), a blend of contemporary and Neoclassical elements that echo its surroundings
Arthur Fiedler: a US conductor (=someone who directs a group of musicians) who was the conductor of the Boston Pops for many years (1894-1979). born Dec. 17, 1894, Boston, Mass., U.S. died July 10, 1979, Brookline, Mass. U.S. conductor. Son of a distinguished violinist, he was trained in Berlin and joined the Boston Symphony Orchestra in 1915. In the 1920s he began conducting and recording with his own Boston Sinfonietta and various choral groups. In 1929 he organized a series of open-air concerts, which was successful enough to eventually become an institution, the Boston Pops. Thereafter his name was inextricably linked with the Pops, which achieved enormous success under his direction
Arthur Fonzarelli: {i} Fonzy, character played by Henry Winkler on the television series "Happy Days
Arthur Freed: orig. Arthur Grossman born Sept. 9, 1894, Charleston, S.C., U.S. died April 12, 1973, Los Angeles, Calif. U.S. film producer and lyricist. He performed in vaudeville and wrote songs in the 1920s. MGM hired him in 1929 to write lyrics for musicals, and over the next decade he produced hits such as "Singin' in the Rain," "Temptation," and "You Are My Lucky Star." After serving as associate producer of The Wizard of Oz (1939), he was promoted to producer. He was largely responsible for the high quality of MGM's musicals of the 1940s and '50s, including Meet Me in St. Louis (1944), Easter Parade (1948), An American in Paris (1951, Academy Award), Singin' in the Rain (1952), and Gigi (1958, Academy Award)
Arthur Godfrey: born Aug. 31, 1903, New York, N.Y., U.S. died March 16, 1983, New York U.S. radio and television entertainer. His relaxed manner and affable banter as a radio host won him such a wide following that he had two daily shows and a weekly show on CBS in the 1940s. His variety show, which transferred to television as Arthur Godfrey's Talent Scouts and later The Arthur Godfrey Show (1948-60), launched the careers of numerous popular entertainers
Arthur Gordon Linkletter: born July 17, 1912, Moose Jaw, Sask., Can. Canadian-born U.S. broadcasting host. He served as emcee for the variety show House Party (1943-67), which involved the audience in spontaneous contests and activities; he created the show's popular segment "Kids Say the Darndest Things." He hosted another audience-participation show, People Are Funny, on radio (1943-59) and television (1954-61). He wrote more than 20 books, including the best-selling Kids Say the Darndest Things (1957), I Wish I'd Said That (1968), and Old Age Is Not for Sissies (1988)
Arthur Griffith: born March 31, 1871, Dublin, Ire. died Aug. 12, 1922, Dublin Irish journalist and nationalist, principal founder of Sinn Féin. As a young man, he edited political newspapers and urged passive resistance to British rule. He lost influence with the extreme nationalists when he did not participate in the Easter Rising (1916) but regained it when the British jailed him with other Sinn Féin members. In 1918 the Irish members of the House of Commons declared a republic and chose Eamon de Valera as president and Griffith as vice president. In 1921 Griffith led the Irish delegation to the self-government treaty conference and was the first Irish delegate to accept partition, embodied in the Anglo-Irish Treaty (1921). When the Dáil narrowly approved it in 1922, de Valera resigned and Griffith was elected president. Exhausted from overwork, he died soon after
Arthur H Vandenberg: v. born March 22, 1884, Grand Rapids, Mich., U.S. died April 18, 1951, Grand Rapids U.S. politician. Editor of the Grand Rapids Herald (1906-28), he was elected as a Republican to the U.S. Senate (1928-51). He was a critic of Pres. Franklin D. Roosevelt's foreign policy but revised his isolationist position after the attack on Pearl Harbor. In a 1945 Senate speech he advocated U.S. participation in international alliances, and he was a delegate to the UN organizing conference. He led Republican congressional support for legislative measures introduced by Pres. Harry Truman, including the Marshall Plan, the Truman Doctrine, and NATO
Arthur Hassall: {i} (1817-1894) British physician
Arthur Hays Sulzberger: born Sept. 12, 1891, New York, N.Y., U.S. died Dec. 11, 1968, New York City U.S. newspaper publisher. The son-in-law of Adolph Ochs, he joined the staff of The New York Times after marrying Iphigene Ochs in 1917. He was the paper's publisher (1935-61), overseeing the extension of its news coverage into more specialized subject areas as well as important changes in technology and a growth in circulation. He was succeeded by his son, Arthur Ochs Sulzberger
Arthur Hendrick Vandenberg: v. born March 22, 1884, Grand Rapids, Mich., U.S. died April 18, 1951, Grand Rapids U.S. politician. Editor of the Grand Rapids Herald (1906-28), he was elected as a Republican to the U.S. Senate (1928-51). He was a critic of Pres. Franklin D. Roosevelt's foreign policy but revised his isolationist position after the attack on Pearl Harbor. In a 1945 Senate speech he advocated U.S. participation in international alliances, and he was a delegate to the UN organizing conference. He led Republican congressional support for legislative measures introduced by Pres. Harry Truman, including the Marshall Plan, the Truman Doctrine, and NATO
Arthur Holly Compton: born Sept. 10, 1892, Wooster, Ohio, U.S. died March 15, 1962, Berkeley, Calif. U.S. physicist. He taught at the University of Chicago (1923-45) and later served as chancellor (1945-54) and professor (1953-61) at Washington University. He is best known for his discovery and explanation of the Compton effect, for which he shared with C.T.R. Wilson the 1927 Nobel Prize for Physics. He was later instrumental in initiating the Manhattan Project, and he directed the development of the first nuclear reactors
Arthur Honegger: born March 10, 1892, Le Havre, France died Nov. 27, 1955, Paris French composer. Born to Swiss-French parents, he studied in Zürich, then at the Paris Conservatory. One of the group known as Les Six, though not truly in sympathy with its aims, he first gained international renown for his oratorio Le Roi David (1921). His exciting orchestral piece Pacific 231 (1923), portraying a locomotive, caused a sensation. Prolific throughout his life, he composed five symphonies (including Symphony No. 3 known as Liturgique, for the end of World War II), the oratorio Jeanne d'Arc au bûcher (1938), and numerous scores for ballet, theatre, and films (including Abel Gance's Napoleon)
Arthur J Goldberg: born Aug. 8, 1908, Chicago, Ill., U.S. died Jan. 19, 1990, Washington, D.C. U.S. jurist. After passing the Illinois bar examination at the age of 20, he practiced law in Chicago from 1929 to 1948. He first gained national attention as counsel for the Chicago Newspaper Guild during its 1938 strike. In 1948 he went to Washington, D.C., as general counsel for the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) and the United Steelworkers of America. He was instrumental in merging the American Federation of Labor (AFL) and the CIO in 1955. After serving as U.S. secretary of labour (1961-62), he was appointed to the Supreme Court of the United States (1962-65). At the request of Pres. Lyndon B. Johnson, he gave up his seat on the court to become U.S. ambassador to the UN (1965-68), a post he resigned in protest over Johnson's escalation of the Vietnam War. He twice served as ambassador-at-large for Pres. Jimmy Carter
Arthur James 1st Earl Balfour: born July 25, 1848, Whittinghame, East Lothian, Scot. died March 19, 1930, Woking, Surrey, Eng. British statesman. The nephew of the marquess of Salisbury, Balfour served in Parliament (1874-1911) and in his uncle's government as secretary for Ireland (1887-91). From 1891 he was the Conservative Party's leader in Parliament and succeeded his uncle as prime minister (1902-05). He helped form the Entente Cordiale (1904). His most famous action came in 1917 when, as foreign secretary (1916-19), he wrote the so-called Balfour Declaration, which expressed official British approval of Zionism. He served as lord president of the council (1919-22, 1925-29) and drafted the Balfour Report (1926), which defined relations between Britain and the dominions expressed in the Statute of Westminster
Arthur James 1st Earl Balfour of Whittingehame: born July 25, 1848, Whittinghame, East Lothian, Scot. died March 19, 1930, Woking, Surrey, Eng. British statesman. The nephew of the marquess of Salisbury, Balfour served in Parliament (1874-1911) and in his uncle's government as secretary for Ireland (1887-91). From 1891 he was the Conservative Party's leader in Parliament and succeeded his uncle as prime minister (1902-05). He helped form the Entente Cordiale (1904). His most famous action came in 1917 when, as foreign secretary (1916-19), he wrote the so-called Balfour Declaration, which expressed official British approval of Zionism. He served as lord president of the council (1919-22, 1925-29) and drafted the Balfour Report (1926), which defined relations between Britain and the dominions expressed in the Statute of Westminster
Arthur James Balfour: {i} (1848-1930) First Earl of Balfour, British statesman and writer, British Prime Minister between the years 1902 to 1905
Arthur James Balfour: a British politician in the Conservative Party, who was Prime Minister from 1902 to 1905 and Foreign Secretary from 1916 to 1919. He was responsible for the Balfour Declaration, which supported the idea that a state should be established in Palestine for the Jews (1848-1930)
Arthur Joseph Goldberg: born Aug. 8, 1908, Chicago, Ill., U.S. died Jan. 19, 1990, Washington, D.C. U.S. jurist. After passing the Illinois bar examination at the age of 20, he practiced law in Chicago from 1929 to 1948. He first gained national attention as counsel for the Chicago Newspaper Guild during its 1938 strike. In 1948 he went to Washington, D.C., as general counsel for the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) and the United Steelworkers of America. He was instrumental in merging the American Federation of Labor (AFL) and the CIO in 1955. After serving as U.S. secretary of labour (1961-62), he was appointed to the Supreme Court of the United States (1962-65). At the request of Pres. Lyndon B. Johnson, he gave up his seat on the court to become U.S. ambassador to the UN (1965-68), a post he resigned in protest over Johnson's escalation of the Vietnam War. He twice served as ambassador-at-large for Pres. Jimmy Carter
Arthur Joyce Lunel Cary: born Dec. 7, 1888, Londonderry, Ire. died March 29, 1957, Oxford, Oxfordshire, Eng. British novelist. Cary studied art in Edinburgh and Paris before graduating from the University of Oxford. After serving in West Africa in World War I, he began publishing short stories, then novels, some set in Africa, including An American Visitor (1933) and Mister Johnson (1939). The Horse's Mouth (1944), his best-known novel, was the third in a trilogy in which each volume is narrated by one of three protagonists. Other works include a second trilogy, A Prisoner of Grace (1952), Except the Lord (1953), and Not Honour More (1955)
Arthur Koestler: born Sept. 5, 1905, Budapest, Hung. found dead March 3, 1983, London, Eng. Hungarian-British novelist, journalist, and critic. He is best known for Darkness at Noon (1940); a political novel examining the moral danger in a totalitarian system that sacrifices means to an end, it reflects the events leading to his break with the Communist Party and his experience as a correspondent imprisoned by the fascists in the Spanish Civil War. He also wrote of his disillusionment with communism in the essay collection The God That Failed (1949). His later works, mostly concerning science and philosophy, include The Act of Creation (1964) and The Ghost in the Machine (1967). Suffering from leukemia and Parkinson's disease and believing in voluntary euthanasia, he died with his wife in a suicide pact
Arthur Kornberg: born March 3, 1918, Brooklyn, N.Y., U.S. U.S. biochemist and physician. He studied at the University of Rochester. In 1959 he joined the faculty at Stanford University. While studying how living organisms manufacture nucleotides, his research led him to the problem of how nucleotides are strung together to form DNA molecules. Adding radioactive nucleotides to an enzyme mixture prepared from cultures of E. coli, he found evidence of a reaction catalyzed by the enzyme that adds nucleotides to a preexisting DNA chain. He was the first to accomplish the cell-free synthesis of DNA. He shared a 1959 Nobel Prize with Severo Ochoa
Arthur M Jr. Schlesinger, Arthur M, and Schlesinger: born Feb. 27, 1888, Xenia, Ohio, U.S. died Oct. 30, 1965, Boston, Mass. born Oct. 15, 1917, Columbus, Ohio U.S. historians. The elder Schlesinger taught at Harvard University for three decades beginning in 1924. He helped to broaden the study of U.S. history by emphasizing social and urban developments. His books include The Colonial Merchants and the American Revolution, 1763-1776 (1917) and Rise of the City, 1878-1898 (1933), and he coedited (with Dixon Ryan Fox) the series A History of American Life (1928-43). His son taught at Harvard (1946-61) and the City University of New York (1966-95). Long active in liberal politics, he was an adviser to Adlai Stevenson and John F. Kennedy during their presidential campaigns and served as Kennedy's special assistant. His books include The Age of Jackson (1946, Pulitzer Prize), The Age of Roosevelt, 3 vol. (1957-60), A Thousand Days (1965, National Book Award, Pulitzer Prize), The Imperial Presidency (1973), and The Cycles of American History (1986)
Arthur M Sackler: born Aug. 22, 1913, New York, N.Y., U.S. died May 26, 1987, New York City U.S. physician, medical publisher, and art collector. He earned an M.D. from New York University. In 1949 he founded the Creedmore Institute of Psychobiological Studies in New York and did pioneering research in the field of psychobiology. He edited the Journal of Clinical and Experimental Psychopathology and founded the biweekly Medical Tribune newspaper. He funded research at several universities and endowed art galleries at universities and museums, donating art from his own vast collection, including the world's largest collection of ancient Chinese art, to the Metropolitan Museum of Art
Arthur Meier Jr. Schlesinger, Arthur Meier, and Schlesinger: born Feb. 27, 1888, Xenia, Ohio, U.S. died Oct. 30, 1965, Boston, Mass. born Oct. 15, 1917, Columbus, Ohio U.S. historians. The elder Schlesinger taught at Harvard University for three decades beginning in 1924. He helped to broaden the study of U.S. history by emphasizing social and urban developments. His books include The Colonial Merchants and the American Revolution, 1763-1776 (1917) and Rise of the City, 1878-1898 (1933), and he coedited (with Dixon Ryan Fox) the series A History of American Life (1928-43). His son taught at Harvard (1946-61) and the City University of New York (1966-95). Long active in liberal politics, he was an adviser to Adlai Stevenson and John F. Kennedy during their presidential campaigns and served as Kennedy's special assistant. His books include The Age of Jackson (1946, Pulitzer Prize), The Age of Roosevelt, 3 vol. (1957-60), A Thousand Days (1965, National Book Award, Pulitzer Prize), The Imperial Presidency (1973), and The Cycles of American History (1986)
Arthur Miller: a US writer of plays that deal with political or moral problems. His most famous plays include The Crucible, about the Salem Witchcraft Trials in 17th century America, and Death of a Salesman. He is also famous for having been married to Marilyn Monroe (1915- ). born Oct. 17, 1915, New York, N.Y., U.S. U.S. playwright. He began writing plays while a student at the University of Michigan. His first important play, All My Sons (1947), was followed by his most famous work, Death of a Salesman (1949, Pulitzer Prize), the tragedy of a man destroyed by false values that are in large part the values of his society. Noted for combining social awareness with a searching concern for his characters' inner lives, Miller wrote many other plays, including The Crucible (1953), which uses a plot about the Salem witch trials to attack McCarthyism, A View from the Bridge (1955), After the Fall (1964), and The Last Yankee (1992). He also wrote short stories, essays, and the screenplay for The Misfits (1961), which starred his second wife, Marilyn Monroe
Arthur Miller: {i} (1915-2005) United States playwright, winner of the Pulitzer Prize and the Tony Award (his plays include "Death of a Salesman" and "The Crucible")
Arthur Mitchell: born March 27, 1934, New York, N.Y., U.S. U.S. dancer, choreographer, and director of the Dance Theatre of Harlem. He studied at the High School for the Performing Arts in New York City. He began dancing in Broadway musicals and worked with several ballet companies before joining the New York City Ballet in 1956 as its first African American dancer. He created roles in several of George Balanchine's ballets, including A Midsummer Night's Dream (1962) and Agon (1967), before leaving the company in 1972. In 1968 he cofounded a ballet school, and its company, the Dance Theatre of Harlem, made its debut in 1971. He has continued as its director and choreographer
Arthur Mitchell Sackler: born Aug. 22, 1913, New York, N.Y., U.S. died May 26, 1987, New York City U.S. physician, medical publisher, and art collector. He earned an M.D. from New York University. In 1949 he founded the Creedmore Institute of Psychobiological Studies in New York and did pioneering research in the field of psychobiology. He edited the Journal of Clinical and Experimental Psychopathology and founded the biweekly Medical Tribune newspaper. He funded research at several universities and endowed art galleries at universities and museums, donating art from his own vast collection, including the world's largest collection of ancient Chinese art, to the Metropolitan Museum of Art
Arthur Morton Godfrey: born Aug. 31, 1903, New York, N.Y., U.S. died March 16, 1983, New York U.S. radio and television entertainer. His relaxed manner and affable banter as a radio host won him such a wide following that he had two daily shows and a weekly show on CBS in the 1940s. His variety show, which transferred to television as Arthur Godfrey's Talent Scouts and later The Arthur Godfrey Show (1948-60), launched the careers of numerous popular entertainers
Arthur Neville Chamberlain: born March 18, 1869, Birmingham, Warwickshire, Eng. died Nov. 9, 1940, Heckfield, near Reading, Hampshire British prime minister (1937-40). Son of Joseph Chamberlain and half brother of Austen Chamberlain, he prospered in the metalworking industry in Birmingham; as the city's lord mayor (1915-16) he organized England's first municipal bank. He was a member of the House of Commons (1918-40), during which he served in Conservative governments as minister of health and chancellor of the Exchequer. As prime minister (1937-40), he sought to prevent the outbreak of a general European war over Adolf Hitler's demand that Czechoslovakia cede the Sudetenland to Germany. In 1938 he and France's Édouard Daladier granted most of Hitler's demands in the Munich agreement, after which he returned to England a popular hero, speaking of "peace in our time." He repudiated appeasement after Hitler seized the rest of Czechoslovakia, and when Germany attacked Poland, he declared war. He lost the support of many Conservatives after the failure of a British expedition to Norway and resigned in 1940
Arthur Ochs Sulzberger: born Feb. 5, 1926, New York, N.Y., U.S. U.S. newspaper publisher. Grandson of Adolph Ochs and son of Iphigene and Arthur Hays Sulzberger, he spent a dozen years as a reporter and in other newspaper posts before becoming publisher of The New York Times in 1963. During his tenure he introduced many innovations that strengthened the paper's reputation while modernizing and streamlining the organization of its staff, including the unification of the daily Times with the Sunday edition in 1964 and an increase in coverage of fields such as economics, the environment, medicine, law, and science. In 1992 he was succeeded by his son, Arthur Sulzberger, Jr. (b. 1951)
Arthur Rackham: a British artist who drew illustrations (=pictures for books) , especially for children's books such as 'Peter Pan' and 'Grimm's Fairy Tales'. His pictures are often in a strange, magical, sometimes frightening style (1867-1939). born Sept. 19, 1867, London, Eng. died Sept. 6, 1939, Limpsfield, Surrey British artist and illustrator. While a staff artist for a London newspaper, he also began illustrating books. He became skillful using the new halftone process, and his highly detailed drawings revealed a unique imagination. He achieved renown with a 1900 edition of Grimm's Fairy Tales, and his illustrations for Rip Van Winkle (1905) brought him recognition in America as well. Altogether he illustrated more than 60 books, including classics of children's literature as well as works by William Shakespeare, Charles Dickens, John Milton, Richard Wagner, and Edgar Allan Poe
Arthur Ransome: a British writer who wrote adventure stories about sailing for children, especially Swallows and Amazons (1884-1967)
Arthur Rimbaud: {i} Jean Nicholas Arthur Rimbaud (1854-1891), French poet who had much influence on surrealists
Arthur Rimbaud: a French poet whose works include Les Illuminations (1854-91). born Oct. 20, 1854, Charleville, France died Nov. 10, 1891, Marseille French poet and adventurer. The provincial son of an army captain, he had begun by age 16 to write violent, blasphemous poems, and he formulated an aesthetic doctrine stating that a poet must become a seer, break down the restraints and controls on personality, and thus become the instrument for the voice of the eternal. He was invited to Paris by Paul Verlaine, with whom he had a homosexual relationship and engaged in a wild and dissipated life. The Drunken Boat (written 1871), perhaps his finest poem, displays his astonishing verbal virtuosity and a daring choice of images and metaphors. In Les Illuminations (written 1872-74), a collection of mainly prose poems, he tried to abolish the distinction between reality and hallucination. A Season in Hell (1873), which alternates prose passages with dazzling lyrics, became his farewell to poetry at age
Arthur Rimbaud: After they had a falling-out, Verlaine shot and wounded Rimbaud; afterward their final meeting ended in a violent quarrel. Rimbaud abandoned literature and from 1875 led an international vagabond life as a merchant and trader, mainly in Ethiopia; he died at age 37 after his leg was amputated. The Dionysian power of his verse and his liberation of language from the constraints of form greatly influenced the Symbolist movement and 20th-century poetry
Arthur Robert Jr. Ashe: born July 10, 1943, Richmond, Va., U.S. died Feb. 6, 1993, New York, N.Y. U.S. tennis player. He won his first grand-slam singles title (the 1968 U.S. Open) as an amateur. The first African American member of the U.S. Davis Cup team, he helped win five championships (1963, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1978). In 1975 he won the Wimbledon singles title and received World Championship Tennis top ranking. He retired in 1980 and became captain of the U.S. Davis Cup team (to 1985). Off the court he was a critic of racial injustice, including South Africa's apartheid policy. In 1992 he revealed that he had been infected with HIV by a transfusion following surgery, and he thereafter devoted time to increasing public awareness of AIDS. The U.S. Open is now played at Arthur Ashe Stadium, which opened at the National Tennis Center in Flushing, N.Y., in 1997
Arthur Rock: {i} (born 1926) American venture capitalist, co-founder of the Intel Corporation
Arthur Rubinstein: {i} (1887-1983) Polish-born American pianist
Arthur Schnitzler: born May 15, 1862, Vienna, Austria died Oct. 21, 1931, Vienna Austrian playwright and novelist. Schnitzler practiced medicine in Vienna most of his life, and he also studied psychiatry. He became known for his psychological dramas and for his fearlessness in depicting the erotic lives of his characters, beginning with the early play Anatol (1893). His best-known play, Reigen (Merry-Go-Round, 1897), was a cycle of 10 dramatic dialogues that traced the links connecting the partners in a series of sexual encounters; considered scandalous when first performed in 1920, it was filmed as La Ronde by Max Ophüls in 1950. His drama Playing with Love (1896) and his most successful novel, None but the Brave (1901), revealed the hollowness of the Austrian military code of honour
Arthur Schopenhauer: born Feb. 22, 1788, Danzig, Prussia died Sept. 21, 1860, Frankfurt am Main German philosopher. His father was a banker and his mother a novelist. He studied in several fields before earning his doctorate in philosophy. He regarded the Upanishads, together with the works of Plato and Immanuel Kant, as the foundation of his philosophical system, a metaphysical doctrine of the will developed in reaction to the idealism of G.W.F. Hegel. His magnum opus, The World as Will and Representation (1819), consists of two comprehensive series of reflections on the theory of knowledge and the philosophy of nature, aesthetics, and ethics. By turning away from spirit and reason to the powers of intuition, creativity, and the irrational, he influenced (partly via Friedrich Nietzsche) the ideas and methods of vitalism, life philosophy, existentialism, and anthropology. His other works include On the Will in Nature (1836), The Two Main Problems of Ethics (1841), and Parerga and Paralipomena (1851). An unhappy and solitary man, his works earned him the sobriquet "the philosopher of pessimism
Arthur Seymour Sullivan: {i} Sir Arthur Sullivan (1842-1900), English operettas composer who worked together with the librettist William Gilbert on a well-known series of comic operettas
Arthur Seyss-Inquart: born July 22, 1892, Stannern, near Iglau, Bohemia, Austria-Hungary died Oct. 16, 1946, Nürnberg, Ger. Austrian Nazi leader. He served in the Austro-Hungarian army during World War I and was seriously wounded. Later a lawyer in Vienna, he became a leader of the moderate faction of the Austrian Nazis and served on the federal council of state (1937-38). In response to German pressure, he was named minister of interior and security and then replaced Kurt von Schuschnigg as chancellor (1938). He welcomed the Anschluss by Germany and became governor of the Austrian administration (1938-39). In World War II he was German high commissioner of The Netherlands (1940-45) and carried out the Nazi policy against Dutch Jews. He was tried at the Nürnberg trials and executed as a war criminal
Arthur Sullivan: {i} Sir Arthur Sullivan (1842-1900), English operettas composer who worked together with the librettist William Gilbert on a well-known series of comic operettas
Arthur Symons: born Feb. 28, 1865, Milford Haven, Pembrokeshire, Eng. died Jan. 22, 1945, Wittersham, Kent English poet and critic. He contributed to The Yellow Book, an avant-garde journal, and edited The Savoy (1896). His Symbolist Movement in Literature (1899), the first English work championing the French Symbolist movement in poetry, summed up a decade of interpretation and influenced William Butler Yeats and T.S. Eliot. His poetry, mainly disillusioned in feeling, appears in such volumes as Silhouettes (1892) and London Nights (1895). He also translated the poetry of Paul Verlaine and wrote travel pieces. After a nervous breakdown in 1908, he produced little apart from Confessions (1930), a moving account of his illness
Arthur Tappan: born May 22, 1786, Northampton, Mass., U.S. died July 23, 1865, New Haven, Conn. U.S. merchant and philanthropist. He operated various businesses, including a silk-importing firm in New York (1826-37) with his brother Lewis Tappan (1788-1873); they also founded the first commercial credit-rating service (1841). He used his wealth to support missionary societies and the abolitionist crusade, helping found the American Anti-Slavery Society and serving as its first president (1833-40). After breaking with William Lloyd Garrison, he created the American and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society (1840). The Tappan brothers later supported the Underground Railroad
Arthur Tatum: born Oct. 13, 1909, Toledo, Ohio, U.S. died Nov. 5, 1956, Los Angeles, Calif. U.S. jazz pianist. Tatum was blind from birth. Influenced by Fats Waller and Earl Hines, his playing represents a synthesis of stride and swing piano traditions. He developed an unprecedented technical and harmonic control on the instrument and was capable of astonishing speed and intricate elaborations of melody. By 1937 he was recognized as the outstanding pianist in jazz. He formed a trio with guitar and bass in 1943 but frequently made solo performances that showcased his unique mastery
Arthur Wellesley: {i} (1769-1852) First Duke of Wellington, British general who defeated Napoleon at Waterloo
Arthur Wellesley 1st duke of Wellington: born May 1, 1769, Dublin, Ire. died Sept. 14, 1852, Walmer Castle, Kent, Eng. British general. Son of the Irish earl of Mornington, he entered the army in 1787 and served in the Irish Parliament (1790-97). Sent to India in 1796, he commanded troops to victories in the Maratha War (1803). Back in England, he served in the British House of Commons and as chief secretary in Ireland (1807-09). Commanding British troops in the Peninsular War, he won battles against the French in Portugal and Spain and invaded France to win the war in 1814, for which he was promoted to field marshal and created a duke. After Napoleon renewed the war against the European powers, the "Iron Duke" commanded the Allied armies to victory at the Battle of Waterloo (1815). Richly rewarded by English and foreign sovereigns, he became one of the most honoured men in Europe. After commanding the army of occupation in France (1815-18) and serving in the Tory cabinet as master general of ordnance (1818-27), he served as prime minister (1828-30), but he was forced to resign after opposing any parliamentary reform. He was honoured on his death by a monumental funeral and burial in St. Paul's Cathedral alongside Horatio Nelson
Arthur William Symons: born Feb. 28, 1865, Milford Haven, Pembrokeshire, Eng. died Jan. 22, 1945, Wittersham, Kent English poet and critic. He contributed to The Yellow Book, an avant-garde journal, and edited The Savoy (1896). His Symbolist Movement in Literature (1899), the first English work championing the French Symbolist movement in poetry, summed up a decade of interpretation and influenced William Butler Yeats and T.S. Eliot. His poetry, mainly disillusioned in feeling, appears in such volumes as Silhouettes (1892) and London Nights (1895). He also translated the poetry of Paul Verlaine and wrote travel pieces. After a nervous breakdown in 1908, he produced little apart from Confessions (1930), a moving account of his illness
Arthur William Tedder 1st Baron Tedder: born July 11, 1890, Glenguin, Stirling, Scot. died June 3, 1967, Banstead, Surrey, Eng. British air marshal. He joined the British army in 1913, transferred to the Royal Flying Corps in 1916, and after World War I commanded a branch of the Royal Air Force (RAF). As head of the RAF Middle East Command in World War II, he commanded Allied air operations in North Africa and Italy, and in 1944 he was appointed head of Allied air operations in western Europe. His policy of bombing German communications and providing close air support of ground operations contributed significantly to the success of the Normandy Campaign and the Allied advance into Germany. He later became the first peacetime chief of the air staff (1946-50)
Arthur William Tedder 1st Baron Tedder of Glenguin: born July 11, 1890, Glenguin, Stirling, Scot. died June 3, 1967, Banstead, Surrey, Eng. British air marshal. He joined the British army in 1913, transferred to the Royal Flying Corps in 1916, and after World War I commanded a branch of the Royal Air Force (RAF). As head of the RAF Middle East Command in World War II, he commanded Allied air operations in North Africa and Italy, and in 1944 he was appointed head of Allied air operations in western Europe. His policy of bombing German communications and providing close air support of ground operations contributed significantly to the success of the Normandy Campaign and the Allied advance into Germany. He later became the first peacetime chief of the air staff (1946-50)
Arthur Zimmermann: born Oct. 5, 1864, Marggrabowa, East Prussia died June 6, 1940, Berlin, Ger. German diplomat. He became foreign minister of Germany in 1916 during World War I. With Germany's decision to resume unrestricted submarine warfare, he planned to reduce the possible U.S. intervention in Europe by embroiling it in war with Mexico. On Jan. 16, 1917, he sent a coded telegram to the German ambassador in Mexico, proposing a German-Mexican alliance that would allow Mexico to "reconquer her lost territory in Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona." It was intercepted and decoded by British naval intelligence, then published in the U.S. on March 1, causing public outrage. The "Zimmermann telegram" became a key factor in the U.S. declaration of war against Germany on April
Arthur Zimmermann: Zimmermann was forced to resign in 1917
Arthur's Pass: Mountain pass, Southern Alps, New Zealand. It lies at an altitude of 3,031 ft (924 m) at the northern end of the mountain range and provides the main railway and highway passage, with the rail line passing through the Otira Tunnel (5.3 mi [8.6 km]). Arthur's Pass National Park was created in 1929
Arthur's Wain: {i} the Great Bear, constellation of Ursa Major
J. Arthur Rank: A wank
He's just gone in the bog for a J. Arthur Rank.
King Arthur: A legendary king of Britain
Mac Arthur: A Scottish surname. The Clan MacArthur is one of the oldest of Argyll and its age is referred to in the proverb, "There is nothing older, unless the hills, MacArthur and the devil." Today it is a sept of the Clan Campbell
Bertrand Arthur William 3rd Earl Russell Russell: born May 18, 1872, Trelleck, Monmouthshire, Eng. died Feb. 2, 1970, near Penrhyndeudraeth, Merioneth, Wales British logician and philosopher. He is best known for his work in mathematical logic and for his advocacy on behalf of a variety of social and political causes, especially pacifism and nuclear disarmament. He was born into the British nobility as the grandson of Earl Russell, who was twice prime minister of Britain in the mid-19th century. He studied mathematics and philosophy at Cambridge University, where he came under the influence of the idealist philosopher J.M.E. McTaggart, though he soon rejected idealism in favour of an extreme Platonic realism. In an early paper, "On Denoting" (1905), he solved a notorious puzzle in the philosophy of language by showing how phrases such as "The present king of France," which have no referents, function logically as general statements rather than as proper names. Russell later regarded this discovery, which came to be known as the "theory of descriptions," as one of his most important contributions to philosophy. In The Principles of Mathematics (1903) and the epochal Principia Mathematica (3 vol., 1910-13), which he wrote with Alfred North Whitehead, he sought to demonstrate that the whole of mathematics derives from logic. For his pacifism in World War I he lost his lectureship at Cambridge and was later imprisoned. (He would abandon pacifism in 1939 in the face of Nazi aggression.) Russell's best-developed metaphysical doctrine, logical atomism, strongly influenced the school of logical positivism. His later philosophical works include The Analysis of Mind (1921), The Analysis of Matter (1927), and Human Knowledge: Its Scope and Limits (1948). His A History of Western Philosophy (1945), which he wrote for a popular audience, became a best-seller and was for many years the main source of his income. Among his many works on social and political topics are Roads to Freedom (1918); The Practice and Theory of Bolshevism (1920), a scathing critique of Soviet communism; On Education (1926); and Marriage and Morals (1929). In part because of the controversial views he espoused in the latter work, he was prevented from accepting a teaching position at the City College of New York in 1940. After World War II he became a leader in the worldwide campaign for nuclear disarmament, serving as first president of the international Pugwash Conferences on nuclear weapons and world security and of the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament. In 1961, at the age of 89, he was imprisoned for a second time for inciting civil disobedience. He received the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1950
Chester A Arthur: born Oct. 5, 1829, North Fairfield, Vt., U.S. died Nov. 18, 1886, New York, N.Y 21st president of the U.S. (1881-85). He practiced law in New York City from 1854, later becoming a close associate of Sen. Roscoe Conkling, the Republican boss of New York. With Conkling's backing, he was appointed customs collector for the port of New York (1871-78), an office long known for its use of the spoils system. He conducted the business of the office with integrity but continued to pad its payroll with Conkling loyalists. At the Republican national convention in 1880, Arthur was the compromise choice for vice president on a ticket with James Garfield; he became president on Garfield's assassination. As president, Arthur displayed unexpected independence by vetoing measures that rewarded political patronage. He also signed the Pendleton Civil Service Act, which created a civil-service system based on merit. He and his navy secretary recommended appropriations that later helped transform the U.S. Navy into one of the world's great fleets. He failed to win his party's nomination for a second term
Chester Alan Arthur: a US politician who was a member of the Republican Party and was President of the US from 1881 until 1885 (1829-86). born Oct. 5, 1829, North Fairfield, Vt., U.S. died Nov. 18, 1886, New York, N.Y 21st president of the U.S. (1881-85). He practiced law in New York City from 1854, later becoming a close associate of Sen. Roscoe Conkling, the Republican boss of New York. With Conkling's backing, he was appointed customs collector for the port of New York (1871-78), an office long known for its use of the spoils system. He conducted the business of the office with integrity but continued to pad its payroll with Conkling loyalists. At the Republican national convention in 1880, Arthur was the compromise choice for vice president on a ticket with James Garfield; he became president on Garfield's assassination. As president, Arthur displayed unexpected independence by vetoing measures that rewarded political patronage. He also signed the Pendleton Civil Service Act, which created a civil-service system based on merit. He and his navy secretary recommended appropriations that later helped transform the U.S. Navy into one of the world's great fleets. He failed to win his party's nomination for a second term
Donald Arthur Glaser: born Sept. 21, 1926, Cleveland, Ohio, U.S. U.S. physicist. He received his Ph.D. from the California Institute of Technology, then joined the faculty at the University of Michigan. There he developed the bubble chamber, an instrument that became widely used in the study of subatomic particles because it allows precise measurement of the particles' paths. He was awarded a 1960 Nobel Prize
Eric Arthur Blair: George Orwell (1903-1950), English author born in India who is best known for his works "Animal Farm" and "1984
Eric Arthur Heiden: born June 14, 1958, Madison, Wis., U.S. U.S. speed skater. He became the first American to win the world speed-skating championship, and he retained the title for three years (1977-79). In the 1980 Winter Olympics he became the first person to win gold medals in all five speed-skating events. He later turned to competitive cycling
Evelyn Arthur St. John Waugh: born Oct. 28, 1903, London, Eng. died April 10, 1966, Combe Florey, near Taunton, Somerset English novelist. After an Oxford education, he devoted himself to solitary, observant travel and the writing of novels, soon earning a wide reputation for sardonic wit and technical brilliance. His finest satirical novels are Decline and Fall (1928), Vile Bodies (1930), Black Mischief (1932), A Handful of Dust (1934), Scoop (1938), and The Loved One (1948). He converted to Roman Catholicism in 1930, and his Catholicism is insistently reflected in his novels from then on. After service in World War II he led a retired life, growing increasingly conservative and misanthropic. His later works, more serious and ambitious but written with less élan, include Brideshead Revisited (1945) and the Sword of Honour trilogy Men at Arms (1952), Officers and Gentlemen (1955), and Unconditional Surrender (1961)
J Arthur Baron Rank Rank: born Dec. 22/23, 1888, Hull, Yorkshire, Eng. died March 29, 1972, Winchester, Hampshire British motion-picture distributor and producer. His British National Film Co. made its first commercial picture in 1935. That year he and Charles Woolf established General Film Distributors to distribute Universal Pictures films in Britain. By 1941 Rank controlled two of the three largest movie theatre chains in Britain. The J. Arthur Rank Organisation (incorporated 1946) dominated British film production in the late 1940s and '50s. Rank served as chairman (1946-62) and president (1962-72) of the Rank Organisation, which shifted from filmmaking to hotel ownership and other more profitable enterprises in the late 1960s
James Arthur Baldwin: born Aug. 2, 1924, New York, N.Y., U.S. died Dec. 1, 1987, Saint-Paul, France U.S. essayist, novelist, and playwright. He grew up in poverty in the New York City district of Harlem and became a preacher while in his teens. After 1948 he lived alternately in France and the U.S. His semiautobiographical first novel, Go Tell It on the Mountain (1953), regarded as his finest, was followed by the essay collections Notes of a Native Son (1955) and Nobody Knows My Name (1961); the novels Giovanni's Room (1956), a story of homosexual life, and Another Country (1962); the long polemical essay The Fire Next Time (1963), prophesying widespread racial violence; and the play Blues for Mister Charlie (produced 1964). His eloquence and passion on the subject of race made him for years perhaps the country's most prominent black writer
Jean -Philippe-Arthur Dubuffet: born , July 31, 1901, Le Havre, Fr. died May 12, 1985, Paris French painter, sculptor, and printmaker. He studied painting in Paris, but in 1929 he began making a living as a wine merchant. When he returned to art full-time in the early 1940s, he became a leading artist in Paris and proponent of art brut. He executed crude images incised into rough impasto surfaces made of materials such as sand, plaster, tar, gravel, and ashes bound with varnish and glue, and sculptural works made of junk materials; their unfinished appearance provoked public outrage. In the 1960s he experimented with musical composition and architectural environments, and in his later years he produced large fibreglass sculptures for public spaces
Jean Nicholas Arthur Rimbaud: {i} Arthur Rimbaud (1854-1891), French poet who had much influence on surrealists
Jean-Nicolas- Arthur Rimbaud: After they had a falling-out, Verlaine shot and wounded Rimbaud; afterward their final meeting ended in a violent quarrel. Rimbaud abandoned literature and from 1875 led an international vagabond life as a merchant and trader, mainly in Ethiopia; he died at age 37 after his leg was amputated. The Dionysian power of his verse and his liberation of language from the constraints of form greatly influenced the Symbolist movement and 20th-century poetry
Jean-Nicolas- Arthur Rimbaud: born Oct. 20, 1854, Charleville, France died Nov. 10, 1891, Marseille French poet and adventurer. The provincial son of an army captain, he had begun by age 16 to write violent, blasphemous poems, and he formulated an aesthetic doctrine stating that a poet must become a seer, break down the restraints and controls on personality, and thus become the instrument for the voice of the eternal. He was invited to Paris by Paul Verlaine, with whom he had a homosexual relationship and engaged in a wild and dissipated life. The Drunken Boat (written 1871), perhaps his finest poem, displays his astonishing verbal virtuosity and a daring choice of images and metaphors. In Les Illuminations (written 1872-74), a collection of mainly prose poems, he tried to abolish the distinction between reality and hallucination. A Season in Hell (1873), which alternates prose passages with dazzling lyrics, became his farewell to poetry at age
Joseph Arthur Baron Rank of Sutton Scotney Rank: born Dec. 22/23, 1888, Hull, Yorkshire, Eng. died March 29, 1972, Winchester, Hampshire British motion-picture distributor and producer. His British National Film Co. made its first commercial picture in 1935. That year he and Charles Woolf established General Film Distributors to distribute Universal Pictures films in Britain. By 1941 Rank controlled two of the three largest movie theatre chains in Britain. The J. Arthur Rank Organisation (incorporated 1946) dominated British film production in the late 1940s and '50s. Rank served as chairman (1946-62) and president (1962-72) of the Rank Organisation, which shifted from filmmaking to hotel ownership and other more profitable enterprises in the late 1960s
Joseph-Arthur count de Gobineau: born July 14, 1816, Ville-d'Avray, France died Oct. 13, 1882, Turin, Italy French diplomat and writer. While serving in the diplomatic service (1849-77), he wrote the Essay on the Inequality of Human Races (1853-55), which asserted the superiority of the white race over others and labeled the "Aryans," or Germanic peoples, as the summit of civilization. He claimed that white societies flourished as long as they remained free of "black and yellow strains" and that dilution would lead to corruption. His theory of racial determinism in Essay influenced the racist policies of such figures as Robert F. Wagner, Houston Stewart Chamberlain, and Adolf Hitler
Le Morte d'Arthur: the Death of Arthur; a book by Sir Thomas Malory, written in the 15th century, which describes the life of King Arthur Arthurian Legend
Philip Arthur Larkin: born Aug. 9, 1922, Coventry, Warwickshire, Eng. died Dec. 2, 1985, Kingston upon Hull, Yorkshire English poet. Educated at Oxford, Larkin became a librarian at the University of Hull, Yorkshire, in 1955; he would remain a librarian the rest of his life. He wrote two novels before becoming well known with his third volume of verse, The Less Deceived (1955), which expressed the antiromantic sensibility prevalent in English verse of his time. Later poetry volumes are The Whitsun Weddings (1964), High Windows (1974), and Aubade (1980). All What Jazz (1970) contains essays he wrote as a jazz critic for The Daily Telegraph (1961-71)
Ragnar Arthur Granit: born Oct. 30, 1900, Helsinki, Fin. died March 12, 1991, Stockholm, Swed. Finnish-born Swedish physiologist. His "dominator-modulator" theory states that in addition to the retina's three kinds of cone cells, which respond to different colours, certain optic-nerve fibres (dominators) respond either to the whole spectrum or to specific colours (modulators). He also proved that light inhibits as well as stimulates optic-nerve impulses; other research helped determine the nerve pathways and processes by which receptors in muscles coordinate muscle action. He shared a 1967 Nobel Prize with George Wald and Haldan Keffer Hartline
Raymond Arthur Dart: born Feb. 4, 1893, Toowong, Brisbane, Queen., Austl. died Nov. 22, 1988, Johannesburg, S.Af. Australian-born South African physical anthropologist and paleontologist. In 1924, when Asia was still believed to have been the cradle of humankind, Dart's discovery of the so-called Taung skull near the Kalahari substantiated Charles Darwin's prediction that such ancestral hominid forms would be found in Africa. Dart named the skull and established it as the type specimen of a new genus and species, Australopithecus africanus (see Australopithecus). He lived to see his findings corroborated by additional discoveries that firmly established Africa as the site of human origins. Dart taught at the University of Witwatersrand from 1923 to 1958
Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne-Cecil 3rd marquess of Salisbury: born , Feb. 3, 1830, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, Eng. died Aug. 22, 1903, Hatfield British prime minister (1885-86, 1886-92, 1895-1902). He served in Benjamin Disraeli's government as secretary for India (1874-78) and foreign secretary (1878-80), helping to convene the Congress of Berlin. He led the Conservative Party opposition in the House of Lords, then became prime minister on three occasions beginning in 1885, usually serving concurrently as foreign secretary. He opposed alliances, maintained strong national interests, and presided over an expansion of Britain's colonial empire, especially in Africa. He retired in 1902 in favour of his nephew, Arthur James Balfour
Sir Arthur Bliss: born Aug. 2, 1891, London, Eng. died March 27, 1975, London British composer. He studied with Ralph Vaughan Williams and Gustav Holst. Though he was compositionally adventurous at first, he later adopted a conservative, Romantic style. His works include A Colour Symphony (1922), Pastoral (1928), the choral symphony Morning Heroes (1930), Music for Strings (1936), and the ballets Checkmate (1937) and Miracle in the Gorbals (1944)
Sir Arthur Conan Doyle: a British doctor and writer who is famous for his stories about the detective Sherlock Holmes and his friend Dr Watson (1859-1930). Conan Doyle, Sir Arthur. born May 22, 1859, Edinburgh, Scot. died July 7, 1930, Crowborough, Sussex, Eng. Scottish writer. He became a doctor and practiced until 1891, studying with Dr. Joseph Bell, who was the model for his fictional detective, Sherlock Holmes. Conan Doyle was knighted for his medical work in the second South African War and his public defense of the war. Holmes first appeared in "A Study in Scarlet" (1887). Collections of Holmes stories began with The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes (1892). Tiring of Holmes, Conan Doyle devised his death in 1893, only to be forced by public demand to restore him to life. His other Holmes novels include The Sign of Four (1890), The Hound of the Baskervilles (1902), and The Valley of Fear (1915). His historical romances include The White Company (1890). Late in life, Conan Doyle devoted himself to spiritualism
Sir Arthur Edward Drummond Bliss: born Aug. 2, 1891, London, Eng. died March 27, 1975, London British composer. He studied with Ralph Vaughan Williams and Gustav Holst. Though he was compositionally adventurous at first, he later adopted a conservative, Romantic style. His works include A Colour Symphony (1922), Pastoral (1928), the choral symphony Morning Heroes (1930), Music for Strings (1936), and the ballets Checkmate (1937) and Miracle in the Gorbals (1944)
Sir Arthur Evans: born July 8, 1851, Nash Mills, Hertfordshire, Eng. died July 11, 1941, Youlbury, near Oxford, Oxfordshire British archaeologist. Son of the archaeologist Sir John Evans, he served as a curator (1884-1908) at Oxford's Ashmolean Museum. Beginning in 1899 he devoted several decades to excavating the ruins of the ancient city of Knossos in Crete, uncovering evidence of a sophisticated Bronze Age civilization that he named Minoan. His work, one of archaeology's major achievements, greatly advanced the study of European and eastern Mediterranean prehistory. He published his definitive account in The Palace of Minos, 4 vol. (1921-36)
Sir Arthur Harden: born Oct. 12, 1865, Manchester, Eng. died June 17, 1940, Bourne, Buckinghamshire British biochemist. His more than 20 years of study of sugar fermentation advanced knowledge of metabolic processes in all living forms. In 1929 he shared the Nobel Prize for Chemistry with Hans von Euler-Chelpin. He also produced pioneering studies of bacterial enzymes and metabolism. He was knighted in 1936
Sir Arthur John Evans: born July 8, 1851, Nash Mills, Hertfordshire, Eng. died July 11, 1941, Youlbury, near Oxford, Oxfordshire British archaeologist. Son of the archaeologist Sir John Evans, he served as a curator (1884-1908) at Oxford's Ashmolean Museum. Beginning in 1899 he devoted several decades to excavating the ruins of the ancient city of Knossos in Crete, uncovering evidence of a sophisticated Bronze Age civilization that he named Minoan. His work, one of archaeology's major achievements, greatly advanced the study of European and eastern Mediterranean prehistory. He published his definitive account in The Palace of Minos, 4 vol. (1921-36)
Sir Arthur John Gielgud: born April 14, 1904, London, Eng. died May 21, 2000, near Aylesbury British actor and director. He made his London debut in 1921 and joined the Old Vic company in 1929, becoming widely acclaimed for a series of Shakespearean performances, notably Hamlet and Richard II, and also excelling in plays such as The School for Scandal, The Importance of Being Earnest, The Seagull, and Tiny Alice. He directed several repertory seasons in the 1940s and toured the world with the solo recital Ages of Man (1958-59). He appeared in many films, including Arthur (1981, Academy Award) and Shine (1996)
Sir Arthur Quiller-Couch: born Nov. 21, 1863, Bodmin, Cornwall, Eng. died May 12, 1944, Fowey, Cornwall English poet, novelist, and anthologist. Educated at Oxford, he worked as a journalist and editor in London before settling in his native Cornwall. He taught at Cambridge from 1912. He is noted for compiling The Oxford Book of English Verse 1250-1900 (1900; revised 1939) and The Oxford Book of Ballads (1910). His works, written in a clear and apparently effortless style, include many novels and short stories, verse, and criticism, including On the Art of Writing (1916) and On the Art of Reading (1920)
Sir Arthur Seymour Sullivan: born May 13, 1842, London, Eng. died Nov. 22, 1900, London British composer. He attended the Royal Academy and the Leipzig Conservatory, then supported himself by teaching, playing organ, and composing for provincial festivals. His music for The Tempest (1861) achieved great success and was followed by his Irish Symphony (1866) and songs such as "Onward, Christian Soldiers" and "The Lost Chord." In 1871 he first collaborated in comic opera with playwright W.S. Gilbert, and in 1875 their Trial by Jury became a hit, setting the course for both their careers. Their collaboration continued with The Sorceror (1877), H.M.S. Pinafore (1878), The Pirates of Penzance (1879), Patience (1881), Iolanthe (1882), Princess Ida (1883), The Mikado (1885), Ruddigore (1887), The Yeomen of the Guard (1888), The Gondoliers (1889), and others, many of which would continue to delight international audiences for more than a century
Sir Arthur Stanley Eddington: born Dec. 28, 1882, Kendal, Westmorland, Eng. died Nov. 22, 1944, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire British astronomer, physicist, and mathematician. At the University of Cambridge he won every mathematical honour. He was chief assistant at the Royal Observatory at Greenwich (1906-13); in 1914 he became director of the Cambridge observatory. Religious and pacifistic, he declared that the world's meaning could not be discovered by science. His greatest contributions were in astrophysics, where his studies included stellar structure, subatomic sources of stellar energy, white dwarf stars, and diffuse matter in interstellar space. His philosophical ideas led him to believe that unifying quantum theory and general relativity would permit the calculation of certain universal constants
Sir Arthur Sullivan: {i} Arthur Sullivan (1842-1900), English operettas composer who worked together with the librettist William Gilbert on a well-known series of comic operettas
Sir Arthur Sullivan: Gilbert and Sullivan. born May 13, 1842, London, Eng. died Nov. 22, 1900, London British composer. He attended the Royal Academy and the Leipzig Conservatory, then supported himself by teaching, playing organ, and composing for provincial festivals. His music for The Tempest (1861) achieved great success and was followed by his Irish Symphony (1866) and songs such as "Onward, Christian Soldiers" and "The Lost Chord." In 1871 he first collaborated in comic opera with playwright W.S. Gilbert, and in 1875 their Trial by Jury became a hit, setting the course for both their careers. Their collaboration continued with The Sorceror (1877), H.M.S. Pinafore (1878), The Pirates of Penzance (1879), Patience (1881), Iolanthe (1882), Princess Ida (1883), The Mikado (1885), Ruddigore (1887), The Yeomen of the Guard (1888), The Gondoliers (1889), and others, many of which would continue to delight international audiences for more than a century
Sir Arthur Thomas Quiller-Couch: born Nov. 21, 1863, Bodmin, Cornwall, Eng. died May 12, 1944, Fowey, Cornwall English poet, novelist, and anthologist. Educated at Oxford, he worked as a journalist and editor in London before settling in his native Cornwall. He taught at Cambridge from 1912. He is noted for compiling The Oxford Book of English Verse 1250-1900 (1900; revised 1939) and The Oxford Book of Ballads (1910). His works, written in a clear and apparently effortless style, include many novels and short stories, verse, and criticism, including On the Art of Writing (1916) and On the Art of Reading (1920)
Sir Arthur Travers 1st Baronet Harris: born April 13, 1892, Cheltenham, Gloucestershire, Eng. died April 5, 1984, Goring-on-Thames, Oxfordshire British air officer. He served in World War I and after the war in various posts in the Royal Air Force (RAF). Nicknamed Bomber Harris, as air marshal and commander of the RAF bomber command (1942), he developed the saturation technique of mass bombing (concentrating clouds of bombers in a giant raid on a single city) that was applied with destructive effect on Germany in World War II
Sir Arthur Whitten Brown: Alcock and Brown
Sir Arthur William Currie: born Dec. 5, 1875, Napperton, Ont., Can. died Nov. 30, 1933, Montreal, Que. Canadian military leader. He was a businessman in Victoria, B.C., before enlisting in the militia. Given command of a battalion in 1914, he won distinction in several battles of World War I; within three years he was promoted to lieutenant general and given command of the four divisions of the Canadian Corps. After the war he served as the first general in the Canadian army. In 1920 he became principal and vice chancellor of McGill University
Sir Arthur Wing Pinero: born May 24, 1855, London, Eng. died Nov. 23, 1934, London British playwright. He entered the theatrical world as an actor with Henry Irving's theatre company. His first play, 200 a Year, was produced in 1877. He wrote a series of successful farces such as The Magistrate (1885) before turning to dramas of social issues. The Second Mrs. Tanqueray (1893), the first of his plays depicting women confronting their situation in society, established his reputation, and he followed it with works such as The Notorious Mrs. Ebbsmith (1895) and Trelawny of the "Wells" (1898), becoming the most successful playwright of his time
king arthur: Arthur: a legendary king of the Britons (possibly based on a historical figure in the 6th century but the story has been retold too many times to be sure); said to have led the Knights of the Round Table at Camelot
port arthur: a battle in the Chino-Japanese war (1894); Japanese captured the port and fortifications from the Chinese
prince of Wales Charles Philip Arthur George: born Nov. 14, 1948, Buckingham Palace, London, Eng. Heir apparent to the British throne, son of Elizabeth II and Philip, duke of Edinburgh. In 1971 he studied at the University of Cambridge, becoming the first heir to the throne to obtain a university degree, and he later attended the Royal Air Force College and the Royal Naval College, Dartmouth. He took a tour of duty with the Royal Navy (1971-76). In 1981 he married Lady Diana Spencer (see Diana, princess of Wales), and they had two sons, William and Henry. Their marriage grew strained amid intense scrutiny from the press and rumours of infidelity; they divorced in 1996. He subsequently began keeping company publicly with Camilla Parker Bowles (b. 1947). He has been known for his advocacy of excellence in architecture and other causes

التركية - الإنجليزية

تعريف arthur في التركية الإنجليزية القاموس.: arthurian
kral arthur ve şövalyelerinin oturduğu masa: the Round Table

arthur

الواصلة

Ar·thur

التركية النطق

ärthır

النطق

/ˈärᴛʜər/ /ˈɑːrθɜr/

علم أصول الكلمات

[ 'är-th&r ] (noun.) From the name of the legendary king, probably related to old Celtic artos (“bear”). * Some suggestions for etymology are Celtic ar (“man”) + thor (“strong”) = “hero, or man of strength”, and Welsh arth (“bear”) and ur (“man”). Latin origin has also been suggested.