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racism

The belief that each race has distinct and intrinsic attributes

Prejudice or discrimination based upon race

The belief that one race is superior to all others

The practice of asserting or assuming racially or ethnically defined cultural dominance

Ethnically or culturally discriminatory behavior exhibited by members of the racial, ethnic, or cultural group dominant within a society

a belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capacities, and that racial differences produce an inherent superiority of a particular race

The act of using political, judicial, civil, and educational systems to oppress one based on their ethnicity

This managed to express itself in both pre- and post-Darwinian understandings In the pre-Darwinian scheme of things, based on the idea of the Great Chain of Being the question was this: do the various races occupy different levels on the chain, some higher, some lower, or are they all basically human? In the post-Darwinian scheme of things, based on evolution, the question was: are some of the races more primitive than others, that is, isn't the "obvious superiority" of the white race an indication that it evolved upward out of more primitive races (Gould) To References

attitudes and systems (eg economic, political, cultural) which support and seek to maintain the superiority of one racial group

Opportunity inequality resulting from preferential treatment towards others of a similar cultural background

Racism is the belief that people of some races are inferior to others, and the behaviour which is the result of this belief. There is a feeling among some black people that the level of racism is declining. Any action, practice, or belief that reflects the racial worldview the ideology that humans are divided into separate and exclusive biological entities called "races," that there is a causal link between inherited physical traits and traits of personality, intellect, morality, and other cultural behavioral features, and that some "races" are innately superior to others. Racism was at the heart of North American slavery and the overseas colonization and empire-building activities of some western Europeans, especially in the 18th century. The idea of race was invented to magnify the differences between people of European origin in the U.S. and those of African descent whose ancestors had been brought against their will to function as slaves in the American South. By viewing Africans and their descendants as lesser human beings, the proponents of slavery attempted to justify and maintain this system of exploitation while at the same time portraying the U.S. as a bastion and champion of human freedom, with human rights, democratic institutions, unlimited opportunities, and equality. The contradiction between slavery and the ideology of human equality, accompanying a philosophy of human freedom and dignity, seemed to demand the dehumanization of those enslaved. By the 19th century racism had matured and the idea spread around the world. Racism differs from ethnocentrism in that it is linked to physical and therefore immutable differences among people. Ethnic identity is acquired, and ethnic features are learned forms of behaviour. Race, on the other hand, is a form of identity that is perceived as innate and unalterable. In the last half of the 20th century several conflicts around the world were interpreted in racial terms even though their origins were in the ethnic hostilities that have long characterized many human societies (e.g., Arabs and Jews, English and Irish). Racism reflects an acceptance of the deepest forms and degrees of divisiveness and carries the implication that differences among groups are so great that they cannot be transcended. See also ethnic group; sociocultural evolution

discriminatory or abusive behavior towards members of another race the prejudice that members of one race are intrinsically superior to members of other races

The belief that members of one ethnic group are superior to members of another ethnic group

The belief that members of one race are superior to members of other races

the prejudice that members of one race are intrinsically superior to members of other races

The stereotypical characterization, usually negative, of members of ethnic groups by the members of other ethnic groups

Aggression or discriminatory behavior based upon differences in ethnicity

The perpetuation of racial, ethnic, or cultural dominance of some groups over others

The assumption and behaviour based on that assumption that one race is always superior to another

Racism is prejudice or discrimination based on the belief that race is the primary factor determining human traits and abilities Racism includes the belief that genetic or inherited differences produce the inherent superiority or inferiority of one race over another In the name of protecting their race from "contamination," some racists justify the domination and destruction of races they consider to be either superior or inferior Institutional racism is racial prejudice supported by institutional power and authority used to the advantage of one race over others

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