alexandria

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library of alexandria
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A number of cities bearing the same name, including Alexandria, Virginia, USA
A city and port in Egypt
A female given name
a city and port in Egypt on the coast of the Mediterranean Sea. City (metro. area pop., 1996: 3,328,196) and chief seaport, northern Egypt. It lies on a strip of land between the Mediterranean Sea and Lake Mareotis. The ancient island of Pharos, whose lighthouse was one of the Seven Wonders of the World, is now a peninsula connected to the mainland. Alexandria's modern harbour is west of the peninsula. The city was founded in 332 BC by Alexander the Great and was noted as a centre of Hellenistic culture. Its library (destroyed early centuries AD) was the greatest in ancient times; a new library was opened in 2001. The city was captured by the Arabs in AD 640 and by the Ottoman Empire in 1517. After a long period of decline, caused by the rise of Cairo, Alexandria was revived commercially when Muhammad Al joined it by a canal to the Nile River in the early 19th century. Modern Alexandria is a thriving commercial community; cotton is its chief export, and important oil fields lie nearby. See also Museum of Alexandria. City (pop., 2000: 128,283), northern Virginia, U.S., on the Potomac River. The site was settled in 1695, and in 1749 it was named for John Alexander, the land's original grantee. It was part of Washington, D.C., from 1791 to 1847, after which it was ceded back to Virginia. Many colonial buildings survive in "Old Alexandria"; George Washington's estate, Mount Vernon, is nearby. Alexandria Library of Alexandria Museum of Catherine of Alexandria Saint Clement of Alexandria Saint Ctesibius of Alexandria Ktesibios of Alexandria Cyril of Alexandria Saint Heron of Alexandria Hero of Alexandria Hesychius of Alexandria Philo of Alexandria Theodosius of Alexandria
A major port city and cultural center founded by Alexander the Great on the Egyptian coast The home of a large Jewish colony during the Hellenistic period, Alexandria nourished a fusion of Hebraic and Hellenic (Greek) ideas, one result of which was the Greek Septuagint translation of the Hebrew Bible
given name, female
City in Lower Egypt Alexandria was the capital of Egypt from its founding by Alexander the Great in 332 BC to AD 642 (BC stands for "Before Christ" or "Before the Common Era" and AD stands for anno domini, Latin for "in the year of our Lord ")
a town in Louisiana on the Red River
{i} city in Egypt
the chief port of Egypt; located on the western edge of the Nile delta on the Mediterranean Sea; founded by Alexander the Great; the capital of ancient Egypt a town in Louisiana on the Red River

İlgili Terimler

alexandria senna
erect shrub having racemes of tawny yellow flowers; the dried leaves are used medicinally as a cathartic; sometimes placed in genus Cassia
Athanasius of Alexandria
{i} Athanasius (293-373), bishop of Alexandria and saint, Egyptian-born Greek bishop who opposed Arianism and defended Christian orthodoxy against Arianism
Clement of Alexandria
Greek Christian theologian who attempted to combine Gnosticism with Platonism
Ctesibius of Alexandria
or Ktesibios of Alexandria flourished 270 BC Greek physicist and inventor. He was the first great figure of the ancient engineering tradition of Alexandria, Egypt, which culminated with Heron of Alexandria and Philo of Byzantium. He discovered the elasticity of air and invented several devices using compressed air, including force pumps and an air-powered catapult; an improvement of the water clock, in which water dripping at a constant rate raised a float with a pointer; and a hydraulus (water organ), in which the weight of water forced air through the organ pipes. His writings have not survived, and his inventions are known only from references to them
Heron of Alexandria
or Hero of Alexandria flourished . AD 62, Alexandria, Egypt Greek mathematician and inventor. He is remembered for his formula for the area of a triangle and for inventing the aeolipile, the first steam engine, which, in his design, was a forerunner of the jet engine. Of his many treatises, one contains a method for approximating the square root of a number. His writings on mechanics include discussions of the five simple machines, mechanical problems of daily life, and the construction of many kinds of engines
Hesychius of Alexandria
flourished 5th century AD Greek scholar and linguist. He compiled the Alphabetical Collection of All Words, the most complete Greek lexicon known from antiquity. Though preserved only in a 15th-century abridgment by a Venetian editor, it is valued as a basic authority for the dialects and vocabularies of ancient inscriptions and poetry as well as the sacred writings of the Greek Church Fathers (see patristic literature)
Library of Alexandria
Most famous library of classical antiquity. It was part of the Alexandrian Museum, a research institute at Alexandria, Egypt. The museum and library were founded and maintained by a succession of Ptolemies from the early 3rd century BC. The library aspired to the ideal of an international library incorporating all Greek literature and also translations into Greek but it is uncertain how close this ideal came to being realized. A bibliography of the library compiled by Callimachus, lost in the Byzantine period, was long a standard reference work. The museum and library were destroyed in civil war in the late 3rd century AD; a subsidiary library was destroyed by Christians in AD 391
Museum of Alexandria
Ancient centre of Classical learning at Alexandria, Egypt. It was a research institute, organized into faculties and headed by a president-priest, with a renowned library. It was built near the royal palace either by Ptolemy II Philadelphus 280 BC or by his father, Ptolemy I Soter. The best surviving description is by Strabo. In AD 270 its buildings were destroyed, although its educational and research functions seem to have continued until the 5th century
Saint Catherine of Alexandria
died early 4th century, Alexandria, Egypt; feast day November 25 Early Christian martyr. According to tradition, she was a learned girl of noble birth who protested the persecution of Christians during the reign of the Roman emperor Maxentius. She converted the emperor's wife and defeated in debate the best scholars he sent to oppose her. She was sentenced to be killed with a spiked wheel (the Catherine wheel), but, when it broke, she was beheaded instead. Her body was transported by angels to the top of Mount Sinai. One of the most popular saints of the Middle Ages, she was patron of philosophers and scholars. Her historicity is doubtful
Saint Clement of Alexandria
Latin Titus Flavius Clemens born 150, Athens died between 211 and 215, Palestine; Western feast day November 23; Eastern feast day November 24 Christian apologist, missionary theologian to the Hellenistic world, and leader of the catechetical school at Alexandria. He was converted to Christianity by Pantaenus, a former Stoic who preceded him as head of the Alexandria school. Clement believed that philosophy was for the Greeks what the Law of Moses was for the Jews, a preparatory discipline leading to the truth. He asserted that men lived first as citizens of heaven and second as earthly citizens, and he defended the right of an enslaved people to rebel against its oppressors. Persecution by the emperor Septimius Severus in 201-202 obliged him to leave Alexandria and take refuge with Alexander, bishop of Jerusalem. He was revered as a saint in the Latin church until 1586, when doubts about his orthodoxy led to the removal of his name from the list of Roman saints
Saint Cyril of Alexandria
born 375 died June 27, 444; Western feast day June 27; Eastern feast day June 9 Christian theologian and bishop. He became bishop of Alexandria in 412. Zealously orthodox, he closed the churches of the Novatians, a heterodox sect, and expelled the Jews from Alexandria. His greatest doctrinal conflict was with Nestorius over the nature of Jesus; Cyril emphasized the unity of Jesus' divine and human natures while Nestorius emphasized their distinctness. Cyril condemned Nestorius at the Council of Ephesus (431), only to be condemned himself by bishops who supported Nestorius. Eventually Nestorius was declared a heretic and a compromise on Christ's nature restored peace to the church (433)
Theodosius of Alexandria
flourished 6th century died June 566, Constantinople Patriarch of Constantinople (535-566). A moderate Monophysite, he was opposed by more extreme Monophysites and did not accept the orthodox position expressed by the Council of Chalcedon (451). He was prevented from administering his patriarchate by his detention in Constantinople, but he influenced the independent churches in Antioch, Syria, and Egypt. See Monophysite heresy
alexandria

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