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Ibn Saud

in full Abd al-Azz ibn Abd al-Ramn ibn Fayal l Sad born 1880, Riyadh, Arabian Peninsula died Nov. 9, 1953, Al-if, Saud.Ar. Founder of modern-day Saudi Arabia. Though the Sad dynasty had ruled much of Arabia from 1780 to 1880, in Ibn Sad's infancy the family was forced out by its rivals, the Rashds. At age 21 Ibn Sad led a daring raid against the Rashds and recaptured the family capital, Riyadh. He was driven out two years later but reconstituted his forces and fought on, using puritanical Wahhb Islam to rally nomadic tribesmen to his cause, thereby forming the Ikhwn. In 1920-22 he defeated the Rashds and doubled his own territory. In 1924 he conquered the Hejaz (see Husayn ibn Al). In 1932 he formally created the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, which he ruled as an absolute monarch. He signed his first oil deal in 1933 but remained virtually penniless until the 1950s, when oil revenues began pouring in. His sons succeeded him

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