tupolev

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officially ANTK imeni A.N. Tupoleva formerly OKB-156 Russian aerospace design bureau that is a major producer of passenger airliners and military bombers. It originated in 1922 as a group within the U.S.S.R's Central Aerohydrodynamics Institute to develop military aircraft. Under Andrei Tupolev, it created the TB-1 (ANT-4) all-metal, cantilever-wing bomber (first flights 1925-26). After several years' confinement for political reasons, Tupolev was freed, and in 1943 he reestablished his team as the design bureau OKB-156. At the end of World War II, the bureau built the Tu-4 strategic bomber, a copy of the U.S. B-29. In the 1950s it produced the turboprop Tu-95 heavy bomber (NATO, "Bear"), which became a Soviet mainstay, and the first Soviet jetliner, the Tu-104 (first flown 1955). Between the late 1950s and early '80s, it introduced new supersonic bombers, including the variable-wing Tu-22M ("Backfire") and Tu-160 ("Blackjack"), and airliners such as the Tu-114 turboprop, Tu-154 trijet, and Tu-144 supersonic transport. In 1989, in honor of Tupolev died 1972 , the bureau was renamed ANTK imeni A.N. Tupoleva. After the dissolution of the U.S.S.R. in 1991, it became a joint stock company with the Russian government holding a limited financial interest. In the 1990s its projects involved jetliners such as the Tu-204 (in service 1996) and Tu-324

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Andrei Nikolayevich Tupolev
born Nov. 10, 1888, Pustomazovo, Russia died Dec. 23, 1972, Moscow Russian aircraft designer. In 1918 he cofounded the U.S.S.R.'s Central Aerohydrodynamics Institute, and in 1922 he became head of its design bureau (see Tupolev), producing airplanes of all-metal construction. Arrested in 1937 on charges of activities against the state, he was assigned to work on the design of military aircraft. Under confinement, he led a team that produced the Tu-2 twin-engine tactical bomber, which was widely used in World War II. Freed during the war, Tupolev and his reestablished design bureau replicated the U.S. B-29; the resulting Tu-4 became the Soviet Union's principal strategic bomber until the mid-1950s. After adapting jet propulsion to several piston-engine airframes, Tupolev introduced the swept-wing Tu-16 (NATO, "Badger") jet bomber (first flown 1952) and its civilian derivative Tu-104 (1955), one of the first jet transports to provide regular passenger service. Tupolev and his son Alexei headed the effort that produced the Tu-144 supersonic transport, the first passenger jet to exceed Mach 1 (1969)
Andrei Tupolev
born Nov. 10, 1888, Pustomazovo, Russia died Dec. 23, 1972, Moscow Russian aircraft designer. In 1918 he cofounded the U.S.S.R.'s Central Aerohydrodynamics Institute, and in 1922 he became head of its design bureau (see Tupolev), producing airplanes of all-metal construction. Arrested in 1937 on charges of activities against the state, he was assigned to work on the design of military aircraft. Under confinement, he led a team that produced the Tu-2 twin-engine tactical bomber, which was widely used in World War II. Freed during the war, Tupolev and his reestablished design bureau replicated the U.S. B-29; the resulting Tu-4 became the Soviet Union's principal strategic bomber until the mid-1950s. After adapting jet propulsion to several piston-engine airframes, Tupolev introduced the swept-wing Tu-16 (NATO, "Badger") jet bomber (first flown 1952) and its civilian derivative Tu-104 (1955), one of the first jet transports to provide regular passenger service. Tupolev and his son Alexei headed the effort that produced the Tu-144 supersonic transport, the first passenger jet to exceed Mach 1 (1969)