american

(Askeri) ENTERNE EDİLMİŞ SİVİL AMERİKAN PERSONELİ DANIŞMA BÜROSU: A. B. D. Enterne edilmiş Sivil Personel Danışma Merkezi ile Milli Büronun bir faaliyet merkezi. Düşman elindeki Amerikan vatandaşları hakkında, resmi ve gayri resmi kaynaklardan, elde edilen bilgileri toplar, işleme tabi tutar ve yetkili Amerikan makamlarına dağıtır

american cloth

amerikan bezi

american defense service medal

(Askeri) AMERİKAN SAVUNMA HİZMETİ MADALYASI

american defense service ribbon

(Askeri) AMERİKAN SAVUNMA HİZMETİ ŞERİDİ

american expeditionary forces

(Askeri) AMERİKAN SEFERİ KUVVETLERİ: AMERICAN MISSION FOR AID TO TURKEY: TÜRKİYE'DEKİ AMERİKAN YARDIM KURULU

american national red cross

(Askeri) AMERİKAN MİLLİ KIZIL HAÇ'I: Harpte yaralı hastaları tedavi; sel baskını, hastalık vesaire felaketlere uğrayanlara yardım eden bir Amerikan teşkilatı. Buna kısaca "American Red Cross" da denir

american national standards inst itute

(ANSI) Amerikan Ulusal

american national standards institute

(ANSI) Amerikan Ulusal Standartlar Enstitüsü

american organ

amerikan orgu

american plan

tam pansiyon konaklama

american red cross

(Askeri) AMERİKAN KIZIL HAÇI: Bak. "American National Red Cross". AMERICAN PRISONER OF WAR INFORMATION BUREAU

american standart codes for information interchange

(ASCII) Bilgi Değişimi İçin Amerikan Standart Kodlama Sistemi

american tiger

jaguar

american virgin islands

amerikan virgin adaları

African-American

Siyâhî Amerikalı

South American

Güney Amerikalı (kimse)

South American

Güney Amerikalı, Güney Amerikalı kimse

south american

güney amerika

native american

(Tiyatro) amerikan yerlisi

south american

güney amerika´ya özgü

Anglo-American

Anglo-Amerikan

central american country

large beautiful american butterfly

büyük güzel amerikan kelebek

north american night heron

kuzey amerikalı gece balıkçılı

pan american

amerikan pan

un american committee

un amerikan komitesi

Английский Язык - Английский Язык

Определение american в Английский Язык Английский Язык словарь: An inhabitant of the Americas. More often this is specified as either North American, Central American or South American
Every American's origin is, historically speaking, by immigration, if scientific speculation that points to a human origin in Asia and a migration to the New World over frozen Bering Strait turns out to be correct.; A person born in, or a citizen or inhabitant of, the United States of America
She went from Mexico to the USA before she gave birth, so her child would be an American.; Of or pertaining to the Americas. More often this is specified as either "North American" or "South American."; Of, from, or pertaining to the United States of America, its people or its culture
He married an American woman in order to get an American passport.; The English language as spoken in the USA; American English; {a} pertaining to America; {n} native of America; Locomotive with 4-4-0 wheel arrangement (refer Whyte); of or relating to the United States of America or its people or language or culture; "American citizens"; "American English"; "the American dream"; a native or inhabitant of the United States; Hospital Association (AHA): A health care; {i} citizen of the United States; one who comes from North or South America; A descriptive term used to identify the group of American-type cheeses which includes Cheddar, Colby, granular or stirred-curd and washed or soaked-curd cheeses Monterey Jack is also included in this group; > meiguo ren; adj [(These are ~ dollars )] Amerika [(Ini dolar ~ )] 2 n orang Amerika (Amerika); the English language as used in the United States; Click here; An American person or thing belongs to or comes from the United States of America. the American Ambassador at the United Nations. the influence of American television and movies. see also Latin American An American is someone who is American. The 1990 Nobel Prize for medicine was won by two Americans. someone from the US. American Association of Retired Persons American Broadcasting Co. Arabian American Oil Company American Standard Code for Information Interchange. North American Free Trade Agreement Afro Caribbean Afro Brazilian and Afro American religions American Airlines American Anti Slavery Society American Ballet Theatre American Bar Association American Civil Liberties Union American Civil War American Express Co. American Fur Co. American Indian Native American American Indian languages American Indian Movement American Indian religions North American Indian religions South American Labor Party American League American Legion American Medical Association American Motors Corp. American Museum of Natural History American Protective Association American Renaissance American Revolution American Saddlebred American Saddle Horse American Samoa Territory of American Samoa American Stock Exchange American System of manufacture American aloe Daughters of the American Revolution Early American furniture American Volunteer Group House Un American Activities Committee Inter American Development Bank American Party Latin American arts Mexican American War Native American Church Native American arts Organization of American States Pan American Sports Games Pan American World Airways Inc. Pan American Highway Pan American Union Philippine American War Scientific American Spanish American War American Federation of Labor Congress of Industrial Organizations British American Tobacco PLC British American Tobacco Company Ltd. 1902-76 Latin American Integration Association Latin American Free Trade Association LAFTA; LAND TITLE ASSOCIATION (ALTA): A national association of title insurance companies, abstractors, and agents The association adopts standard title policy forms; of or relating to or characteristic of the continents and islands of the Americas; "the American hemisphere"; "American flora and fauna"; A US citizen, national, or permanent resident Used interchangeably with "United States", "US", and "United States of America"; Chicago, Dallas, Miami; {s} of or from the United States; of or from North or South America; a native or inhabitant of a North American or Central American or South American country; English; BAR ASSOCIATION ("ABA") A voluntary industry organization of American lawyers; A person born in, or a citizen of the United States of America; Standard Code for Information Interchange: See ASCII; Of or pertaining to America; as, the American continent: American Indians; a native or inhabitant of a North American or Central American or South American country a native or inhabitant of the United States of or relating to or characteristic of the continents and islands of the Americas; "the American hemisphere"; "American flora and fauna"; of or relating to the United States of America or its people or language or culture; "American citizens"; "American English"; "the American dream; A native of America; originally applied to the aboriginal inhabitants, but now applied to the descendants of Europeans born in America, and especially to the citizens of the United States; Of or pertaining to the United States; yank
American Airlines: A pair of aces as a starting hand in Texas hold 'em, double-A, or "AA", the two-letter code for American Airlines
American Bobtail: A short-haired domestic cat breed originating in the United States. The breed has a genetic mutation, which caused a short tail
American Bobtails: plural form of American Bobtail
American Bulldog: A medium-sized breed of domestic dog
American Bulldogs: plural form of American Bulldog
American Curl: A short-hair or semi-longhair domestic cat breed originating in the United States. This breed displays distinctive backward curling ears
American Curls: plural form of American Curl
American Dream: A widespread determination by Americans to provide their children with a better upbringing than their parents were able to provide for them
American Dream: A philosophy that with hard work, courage and determination, anyone can prosper and achieve success
American English: The form of the English language that is chiefly used in North America, contrasted with British English and that of other places
American English: Of or related to, or spoken or written in American English
American English: The form of the English language that is chiefly used in the United States, contrasted with British English and that of other places
American Indian: Relating to the indigenous peoples of the Americas or their languages
American Indian: A member of some indigenous peoples of the Americas, especially the United States, but excluding the Inuit, Yupik, and Aleuts
American Indian: An indigenous person from the United States
American Indians: plural form of American Indian
American Keuda: A domestic cat provisional breed originating in the United States
American Keudas: plural form of American Keuda
American League: The younger of the two professional baseball leagues within Major League Baseball
American Muslim Mission: A Black Muslim organization allied to the Nation of Islam
American Revolutionary War: The American Revolution
American Saddlebred: A breed of horse that originated in Kentucky by crossing Thoroughbreds, Morgans and Standardbreds
American Saddlebreds: plural form of American Saddlebred
American Samoa: A US overseas territory in Oceania. Official name: Territory of American Samoa
American Samoan: Language, primarily spoken in American Samoa
American Samoan: A person from American Samoa or of American Samoan descent
American Samoan: Of, from, or pertaining to American Samoa, the American Samoan people or the American Samoan language
American Shorthair: A large, short-haired domestic cat breed originating in the United States
American Shorthairs: plural form of American Shorthair
American Sign Language: a language that uses hands, facial expressions, and other bodily behavior to communicate both concrete and abstract ideas; some signs are based on English words, but ASL syntax and grammar are not based on English
American Standard Code for Information Interchange: A 7-bit character set and character encoding, abbreviated ASCII. Based on the Roman alphabet as used in modern English, the code is employed almost universally on computing machinery
American Thanksgiving: Thanksgiving Day, an American holiday celebrated on the fourth Thursday of November
The McCarrolls were coming to Thanksgiving dinner. American Thanksgiving was not until November and, as Mimi told Sharon over the phone, “We can't let you be the only ones in the PMQs without a turkey dinner next week.”.
American Wirehair: A large, domestic cat breed with extraordinarily hard and wiry fur, originating in United States
American Wirehairs: plural form of American Wirehair
American as apple pie: Having characteristics considered quintessential to American life; very American
American basswood: A type of linden, native to eastern North America, Tilia americana
American basswoods: plural form of American basswood
American beaver: An individual of this species
American beaver: A species of beaver, Castor canadensis, native of North America
American beavers: plural form of American beaver
American bison: A bovine mammal, a species of bison, Bison bison
American bisons: plural form of American bison
American bittern: A medium-sized bittern most commonly found in North America, scientific name Botaurus lentiginosus, known for its resounding calls.Harris, M. 1999. "Botaurus lentiginosus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed September 27, 2008 at http: //animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Botaurus_lentiginosus.html
American bitterns: plural form of American bittern
American black vulture: A black vulture, Coragyps atratus
American black vultures: plural form of American black vulture
American cheese: A common processed cheese, orange, yellow, or white in colour and mild in flavour, with a medium-firm consistency
American cocker spaniel: An AKC registered breed of sporting dog, ranging between 18-30 lbs., originally bred in Britain as the English Cocker Spaniel for the sport of Cocking, or bird hunting. Breed divided by colors : Black, Sable, Parti, Tri, and ASCOB
American cocker spaniels: plural form of American cocker spaniel
American cockroach: The palmetto bug, Periplaneta americana See cockroach
American cockroaches: plural form of American cockroach
American dun-bar: a species of moth found in parts North America
American dun-bars: plural form of American dun-bar
American eagle: A species of eagle native to North America and notable for the white plumage on its head
American eagles: plural form of American eagle
American football: A game similar to rugby football in which two teams attempt to get an ovoid ball into each other's territory. Called football in the United States and Canada and American football elsewhere in the world
American ginseng: Panax quinquefolius, source of an herb used in traditional Chinese medicine as a tonic
American golden plover: A type of bird, Pluvialis dominica
American golden plovers: plural form of American golden plover
American holly: A species of holly, native to the eastern United States, Ilex opaca
American hornbeam: A common name for Carpinus caroliniana, a species of deciduous tree
American hornbeam: The wood of this species
American hornbeam: A tree of this species
American hornbeams: plural form of American hornbeam
American jay: Any of several species of jays in several genuses native to the Western hemisphere
American jays: plural form of American jay
American kestrel: a species of small falcon, Falco sparverius; a kestrel
American kestrels: plural form of American kestrel
American laurel: A flowering shrub, native to the eastern United States
American laurels: plural form of American laurel
American mink: A species of small mustelid, Mustela vison, that lives near water
American mink: An animal of that species
American minks: plural form of American mink
American option: an option that can be exercised at any date between the issue date and the expiry date
American options: plural form of American option
American painted ladys: plural form of American painted lady
American robin: A New World passerine bird; Turdus migratorius
American robins: plural form of American robin
American spelling: Such a spelling
American spelling: The preferred manner of English spelling in the United States
American spellings: plural form of American spelling
American sweetgum: A deciduous tree native to warm temperate areas of eastern North America, Liquidambar styraciflua
American sweetgums: plural form of American sweetgum
American widgeons: plural form of American widgeon
American wire gauge: A standard for the measurement of the diameter of wire, especially of non-ferrous, electrically conducting wire
American woodcock: A North American shorebird, Scolopax minor
American Lonsdale: Everlast is a manufacturer of boxing equipment. The Brand is also known in Britain as "American Lonsdale"
American carob: (Botanik, Bitkibilim) Prosopis pallida (syn. Prosopis limensis) is a species of mesquite tree. It has the common names kiawe, huarango, and American carob, as well as "bayahonda" (a generic term for Prosopis) and "algarrobo blanco" (usually used for Prosopis alba). It is a thorny legume, native to Colombia, Ecuador and Peru, particularly drier areas near the coast. While threatened in its native habitat, it is considered an invasive species in many other places
American foulbrood: A fatal disease of honeybee larvae caused by one of several types of bacteria, including Bacillus alvei
American ingrant: The made race Of America. Africans brought to America via slavery which breed with other races (Native American, Europeans, and other races) to form the group which is now being labled African American. Multi-ethnic race of the american population with skin color ranging from white to black with african ancestory, which was created from african slave trade to america
American trypanosomiasis: (Tıp, İlaç) Chagas disease ( /ˈʃɑːɡəs/, Portuguese: [ˈʃaɣɐʃ]; Portuguese: doença de Chagas, Spanish: enfermedad de Chagas-Mazza, mal de Chagas in both languages; also called American trypanosomiasis) is a tropical parasitic disease caused by the flagellate protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi. T. cruzi is commonly transmitted to humans and other mammals by an insect vector, the blood-sucking "kissing bugs" of the subfamily Triatominae (family Reduviidae) most commonly species belonging to the Triatoma, Rhodnius, and Panstrongylus genera
american depositary receipt: (Ekonomi) An American Depositary Receipt or American Depository Receipt represents ownership in the shares of a foreign company trading on US financial markets. The stock of many non-US companies trades on US exchanges through the use of ADRs. ADRs enable US investors to buy shares in foreign companies without undertaking cross-border transactions. ADRs carry prices in US dollars, pay dividends in US dollars, and can be traded like the shares of US-based companies
american depository receipt: (Ekonomi) An American Depositary Receipt or American Depository Receipt represents ownership in the shares of a foreign company trading on US financial markets. The stock of many non-US companies trades on US exchanges through the use of ADRs. ADRs enable US investors to buy shares in foreign companies without undertaking cross-border transactions. ADRs carry prices in US dollars, pay dividends in US dollars, and can be traded like the shares of US-based companies
American Academy of Cosmetic Surgery: {i} AACS, American based institute of cosmetic surgery studies
American Academy of Dramatic Arts: a school in New York City for training actors, where many famous actors have studied
American Airlines: Major U.S. airline. American was created through a merger of several smaller U.S. airlines and incorporated in 1934. It continued to buy the routes of other airlines, becoming an international carrier in the 1970s; its routes include South America, the Caribbean, Europe, and the western Pacific. Its parent company, AMR Corp., also has holdings in food services, hotels, and airport ground services. The company acquired Trans World Airlines in 2001
American Airlines: one of the largest airline companies in the United States
American Anti-Slavery Society: Main activist arm of the U.S. abolition movement, which sought an immediate end to slavery in the country (see abolitionism). Cofounded in 1833 by William Lloyd Garrison and Arthur Tappan, it promoted the formation of state and local auxiliaries to agitate for abolition. Despite violent opposition, by 1840 the group had 2,000 auxiliaries and more than 150,000 members, including Theodore Weld and Wendell Phillips. Its most effective public meetings featured testimony by former slaves, including Frederick Douglass and William Wells Brown. In 1839 it split into two factions: a radical group led by Garrison that denounced the Constitution as supportive of slavery and a moderate faction led by Tappan that led to the birth of the Liberty Party
American Association of Applied Linguistics: {i} professional organization of scholars who are interested in and actively contribute to the multi-disciplinary field of applied linguistics
American Association of Engineers: professional organization of engineers throughout the United States
American Association of Retired Persons: AARP an organization in the US for people who are 50 or older, especially people who have stopped working
American Automobile Association: organization which provides emergency road repairs (including towing, gas delivery, etc.)
American Ballet Theatre: Prominent ballet company based in New York City. It was founded in 1939 as the Ballet Theatre (the name was changed in 1958) by Lucia Chase and Richard Pleasant to promote works "American in character." Oliver Smith replaced Pleasant as codirector in 1945; Mikhail Baryshnikov served as artistic director from 1980 to 1989 after dancing with the company in the 1970s. New ballets were created for the company by Agnes de Mille, Jerome Robbins, Twyla Tharp, and Antony Tudor; Michel Fokine revived many of his earlier works for them as well. Principal dancers have included Alicia Alonso, Erik Bruhn, Anton Dolin, and Natalia Makarova
American Bar Association: a large national organization for lawyers in the US. Voluntary association (founded 1878) of U.S. lawyers, judges, and other legal professionals. The largest bar association in the U.S., it seeks to improve the legal profession, ensure the availability of legal services to all citizens, and improve the administration of justice. It conducts educational and research projects, sponsors professional meetings, and publishes a monthly journal. At the beginning of the 21st century its membership exceeded 400,000
American Basketball League: ABL, one of the professional basketball leagues in the USA
American Beauty: A type of rose bearing large, long-stemmed purplish-red flowers
American Cancer Society: ACS an organization in the US that provides money for scientists who are studying the causes of cancer and trying to find cures for it. It also gives information to help prevent people getting cancer
American Civil Liberties Union: American organization that defends individual rights (such as free speech, freedom of choice, protection from discrimination, etc.), ACLU
American Civil Liberties Union: the full name of the ACLU. Organization founded by Roger Baldwin and others in New York City in 1920 to champion constitutional liberties in the U.S. It works for three basic concepts: freedom of expression, conscience, and association; due process of law; and equal protection under the law. From its founding it has initiated test cases and intervened in cases already in the courts. It may provide legal counsel, or it may file an amicus curiae brief. The Scopes trial was one of its test cases; it provided counsel for the Sacco-Vanzetti case. In the 1950s and '60s it opposed the blacklisting of supposed left-wing subversives and worked to guarantee freedom of worship and the rights of the accused. Its work is performed by volunteers and full-time staff, including lawyers who provide free legal counsel. See also civil liberty
American Civil War: a war that was fought in the US between 1861 and 1865 when 11 southern states rebelled against the federal government. The southern states were beaten, and as a result of the war, slaves became free. or Civil War or War Between the States (1861-65) Conflict between the U.S. federal government and 11 Southern states that fought to secede from the Union. It arose out of disputes over the issues of slavery, trade and tariffs, and the doctrine of states' rights. In the 1840s and '50s, Northern opposition to slavery in the Western territories caused the Southern states to fear that existing slaveholdings, which formed the economic base of the South, were also in danger. By the 1850s abolitionism was growing in the North, and when the antislavery Republican candidate Abraham Lincoln was elected president in 1860, the Southern states seceded to protect what they saw as their right to keep slaves. They were organized as the Confederate States of America under Jefferson Davis. The Northern states of the federal Union, under Lincoln, commanded more than twice the population of the Confederacy and held greater advantages in manufacturing and transportation capacity. The war began in Charleston, S.C., when Confederate artillery fired on Fort Sumter on April 12, 1861. Both sides quickly raised armies. In July 1861, 30,000 Union troops marched toward the Confederate capital at Richmond, Va., but were stopped by Confederate forces in the Battle of Bull Run and forced to retreat to Washington, D.C. The defeat shocked the Union, which called for 500,000 more recruits. The war's first major campaign began in February 1862, when Union troops under Ulysses S. Grant captured Confederate forts in western Tennessee. Union victories at the battles of Shiloh and New Orleans followed. In the East, Robert E. Lee won several Confederate victories in the Seven Days' Battles and, after defeat at the Battle of Antietam, in the Battle of Fredericksburg (December 1862). After the Confederate victory at the Battle of Chancellorsville, Lee invaded the North and engaged Union forces under George Meade at the momentous Battle of Gettysburg. The war's turning point in the West occurred in July 1863 with Grant's success in the Vicksburg Campaign, which brought the entire Mississippi River under Union control. Grant's command was expanded after the Union defeat at the Battle of Chickamauga, and in March 1864 Lincoln gave him supreme command of the Union armies. He began a strategy of attrition and, despite heavy Union casualties at the battles of the Wilderness and Spotsylvania, began to surround Lee's troops in Petersburg, Va. (see Petersburg Campaign). Meanwhile William T. Sherman captured Atlanta in September (see Atlanta Campaign), set out on a destructive march through Georgia, and soon captured Savannah. Grant captured Richmond on April 3, 1865, and accepted Lee's surrender on April 9 at Appomattox Court House. On April 26 Sherman received the surrender of Joseph Johnston, thereby ending the war. The mortality rates of the war were staggering there were about 620,000 deaths out of a total of 2.4 million soldiers. The South was devastated. But the Union was preserved, and slavery was abolished
American Civil War: {i} civil war that was fought in the United States from 1861 to 1865 between the North and the South
American Conference: a group of football teams in the US that play against one another. There is another group of teams called the National Conference, and the best team from that group plays the best team from the American Conference in the Super Bowl, which is the most important game of the year
American Conservatory Theater: the full name of ACT
American Dream: name of super-stretched, 20000 lbs, 16-wheel, 60-foot Cadillac limousine with twin turbo-charged 500 ci front wheel drive engines, a swimming pool, hot tub, waterbed, helicopter pad, satellite disc, putting green; designed by Jay Ohrberg of "Jay Ohrberg Show Cars", 6200 Hollywood Blvd, Hollywood, CA 90028 (213) 469-1868; holder of "world's longest car" record (report an photos, CCI 27: 1); Ohrberg planned to built 120 ft limousine the following year I have no information concerning the latter project
American Dream: Americans' hope for a better quality of life and a higher standard of living than their parents'
American Electric Power: American utilities holding company headquartered in Ohio, owner of several electricity and energy companies in the United States and worldwide
American English: {i} United States English, U.S. English, form of the English language which is used in the United States (as opposed to British English)
American Expeditionary Forces: American armed forces sent to fight overseas (esp. during World War I), AEF
American Express: {i} American Express Company, American company based in New York City, provider of diversified financial and travel services worldwide
American Express: a US company that has a credit card service, exchanges foreign money, and sells travellers cheques
American Express Co: U.S. financial-services company. Founded in 1850 as an express-transportation company, American Express originally provided rapid transport of goods across New York and the Midwest. The company introduced traveler's checks in 1891 and opened its first European office in Paris in 1895. Its contemporary businesses include credit cards, services for travelers (including tour packages and car-rental reservations), and banking and investment services
American Express Company: {i} American Express, American company based in New York City, provider of diversified financial and travel services worldwide
American Falls: A section, 50.9 m (167 ft) high, of Niagara Falls in western New York north of Buffalo
American Federation of Labor: The American Federation of Labor, unlike the Knights of Labor, accepted industrial capitalism but rejected reform and partisan politics Led by Samuel Gompers, it concentrated on practical, reachable goals such as higher wages, shorter workdays, and improved working conditions
American Federation of Labor: A confederation of labor unions founded in 1886, it was composed mainly of skilled craft unions and was the first national labor organization to survive and experience a degree of success, largely because of its conservative leadership that accepted industrial capitalism
American Federation of Labor: (AFL) (p 364) An organization of craft unions that championed fundamental labor issues; founded in 1886
American Federation of Teachers: trade union for professionals in the fields of education healthcare and public service (founded in 1916), AFT
American Football Conference: one of the two conferences in the National Football League (subdivided into the AFC-East, AFC-Central, and the AFC-West), AFC
American Football League: AFL, one of the two professional football leagues in the USA
American Fur Co: Enterprise formed by John Jacob Astor in 1808 that dominated the U.S. fur trade early in the 19th century. The company, considered the first U.S. business monopoly, absorbed or drove out rivals throughout the central and western U.S. Exploration by its trappers and traders helped open the frontier to settlement. By 1834, when Astor sold his company, it had become the largest commercial organization in the U.S
American General: American company headquartered in Houston Texas (USA), provider of consumer financial and insurance services
American Gothic: a painting by the US artist Grant Wood, which shows a very serious-looking farmer holding a pitchfork, with his wife standing beside him
American Gothic: realistic and hard-edged painting style associated with American painter Grant Wood; famous painting by Grant Wood
American Home Products: American corporation headquartered in New Jersey, manufacturer of biotechnological products (such as pharmaceuticals and agricultural products)
American Idol: {i} United States television series searching for a superstar
American Indian: {i} North American Indian, member of any of the aboriginal peoples inhabiting North and South America, Native American, Amerindian; any of the several languages spoken by the Native Americans
American Indian: American Indian people or things belong to or come from one of the native peoples of America. An American Indian is someone who is American Indian. In principle, American Indian can apply to all native peoples throughout the Americas except the Eskimos, Aleuts, and Inuits, but in practice it is generally restricted to the peoples of the United States and Canada. For native peoples in the rest of the hemisphere, usage generally favors Indian by itself or, less frequently, the contractions Amerindian or Amerind. See Usage Note at Native American. another name for a Native American (=someone who belongs to one of the races that lived in North America before Europeans arrived). or Native American or Amerindian Any member of the various aboriginal peoples of the Western Hemisphere, with the exception of the Eskimos (Inuit) and the Aleuts. Though the term Native American is today often preferred over American Indian, particularly in the U.S., many Native American peoples continue to prefer American Indian (or Indian). In Canada the name First Nation is preferred. The ancestors of the American Indians were nomadic hunters of northeast Asia who migrated over the Bering Strait land bridge into North America probably during the last glacial period (20,000-30,000 years ago). By 10,000 BC they had occupied much of North, Central, and South America. See also Anasazi culture; Andean civilization; Clovis complex; Eastern Woodlands Indian; Folsom complex; Hohokam culture; Hopewell culture; Mesoamerican civilization; Mississippian culture; Mogollon culture; Northwest Coast Indian; Plains Indian; Pueblo Indian; Southeastern Indian; Southwest Indian; Woodland culture
American Indian Movement: organization established to protect the rights and interests of Native Americans in the USA, AIM
American Indian Movement: Civil rights organization founded in 1968, originally to help urban American Indians displaced by government programs. It later broadened its efforts to include demands for economic independence, autonomy over tribal areas, restoration of illegally seized lands, and protection of Indian legal rights and traditional culture. Some of its protest activities involved violence and were highly publicized (see Wounded Knee). Internal strife and the imprisonment of some leaders led to the disbanding of its national leadership in 1978, though local groups have continued to function
American Indian languages: Languages spoken by the original inhabitants of the Americas and the West Indies and by their modern descendants. They display an extraordinary structural range, and no attempt to unite them into a small number of genetic groupings has won general acceptance. Before the arrival of Columbus, more than 300 distinct languages were spoken in North America north of Mexico by an estimated population of two to seven million. Today fewer than 170 languages are spoken, of which the great majority are spoken fluently only by older adults. A few widespread language families (Algonquian, Iroquoian, Siouan, Muskogean, Athabaskan, Uto-Aztecan, Salishan) account for many of the languages of eastern and interior North America, though the far west was an area of extreme diversity (see Hokan; Penutian). It is estimated that in Mexico and northern Central America (Mesoamerica), an estimated 15-20 million people spoke more than 300 languages before Columbus. The large Otomanguean and Maya families and a single language, Nahuatl, shared Mesoamerica with many smaller families and language isolates. More than 10 of these languages and language complexes still have more than 100,000 speakers. South America and the West Indies had an estimated pre-Columbian population of 10-20 million, speaking more than 500 languages. Important language families include Chibchan in Colombia and southern Central America, Quechuan and Aymaran in the Andean region, and Arawakan, Cariban, and Tupian in northern and central lowland South America. Aside from Quechuan and Aymaran, with about 10 million speakers, and the Tupian language Guaraní, most remaining South American Indian languages have very few speakers, and some face certain extinction
American Indianist: A specialist in Native American cultures, languages, or affairs
American Institute of Certified Public Accountants: large professional organization for accountants in the United States
American International Group: American corporation headquartered in New York City, provider of insurance and financial services in the United States and worldwide, AIG
American Israel Public Affairs Committee: American organization which works to strengthen and improve political relations between the United States and Israel, AIPAC
American Jewish Congress: organization which unites Jews in the United States
American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee: charitable Jewish American organization whose purpose is to aid Jews in distress overseas, JOINT
American Labor Party: Minor political party organized in New York state in 1936. It was founded by the labour leaders Sidney Hillman and David Dubinsky and by liberal Democrats and old-line socialists. The party supported Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal programs and backed candidates who endorsed liberal social legislation. Though influential in New York City elections, after 1940 it was plagued by divisions between pro-and anti-communist factions. It was dissolved in 1956
American Labor party: former American political party which was formed by labor leaders and liberals in 1936
American League: a group of professional baseball teams in the US which play against each other. Every year, the team that wins in this league plays against the winning team of the National League in the World Series. With the National League, one of two associations in the U.S. and Canada of professional, major league baseball teams. The league was founded in 1900. There are now three divisions: Eastern (comprising the Baltimore Orioles, Boston Red Sox, New York Yankees, Tampa Bay Devil Rays, and Toronto Blue Jays), Central (Chicago White Sox, Cleveland Indians, Detroit Tigers, Kansas City Royals, and Minnesota Twins), and Western (Anaheim Angels, Oakland Athletics, Seattle Mariners, and Texas Rangers)
American League: one of the two professional baseball leagues in the United States and Canada
American Legion: a national organization for former members of the US armed forces. Organization of U.S. war veterans. Founded in 1919, it works for the care of disabled and sick veterans and promotes compensation and pensions for the disabled, widows, and orphans. Nonpolitical and nonsectarian, its membership requirement is honourable service and an honourable discharge. It was instrumental in establishing veterans' hospitals, and it sponsored the creation of the U.S. Veterans Administration in 1930. In 1944 it played an important role in the passage of the GI Bill. The American Legion claims about three million members in some 15,000 local posts, or groups
American Medical Association: Organization of U.S. physicians. It was founded in 1847 "to promote the science and art of medicine and the betterment of public health." It has about 250,000 members, about half of all practicing U.S. physicians. It disseminates information to its members and the public, operates as a lobbying group, and helps set medical education standards. Its publications include Journal of the American Medical Association, American Medical News, and journals on medical specialties
American Motors Corp: Former U.S. automobile manufacturer. AMC was formed in 1954 from the merger of two pioneering auto manufacturers, Nash-Kelvinator Corp. (successor to Nash Motor Co., founded 1916) and Hudson Motor Car Co. (founded 1909). AMC produced AMC compact cars, AM General trucks and buses, and, until 1968, Kelvinator appliances. Jeeps joined the product line after AMC purchased the Kaiser-Jeep Corp. (dating to 1903) in 1970. AMC became a subsidiary of Chrysler Corp. in 1987, which in turn merged with Daimler-Benz in 1998 to form DaimlerChrysler AG
American Museum of Natural History: Major centre of research and education on the natural sciences, established in New York City in 1869. It pioneered in staging field expeditions and creating dioramas and other lifelike exhibits showing natural habitats and their plant and animal life. Its research collections contain tens of millions of specimens, and its fossil and insect collections are among the largest in the world. It conducts research in anthropology, astronomy, entomology, herpetology, ichthyology, invertebrate biology, mammalogy, mineralogy, ornithology, and vertebrate paleontology, and it maintains permanent research stations in The Bahamas and the U.S. states of New York, Florida, and Arizona. It also contains one of the world's largest planetariums
American National Standards Institute: U.S. engineering organization that determines procedures for the development and coordination of voluntary American National Standards, ANSI
American Protective Association: Secret anti-Catholic, anti-immigrant society formed in Iowa in 1887. Its membership, consisting mainly of farmers who feared the growth and political power of immigrant-populated cities, rose to more than two million in the 1890s. Membership dwindled after the election of 1896 and the return of agricultural prosperity in the Midwest. By 1911 the society had disappeared
American Psychological Association: organization of American psychologists, APA
American Renaissance: or New England Renaissance Period from the 1830s roughly until the end of the American Civil War in which U.S. literature came of age as an expression of a national spirit. The literary scene was dominated by New England Brahmin writers, notably Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Oliver Wendell Holmes, and James Russell Lowell. Also influential were the Transcendentalists (see Transcendentalism), including Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau, as well as the great imaginative writers Nathaniel Hawthorne, Herman Melville, Walt Whitman, and Edgar Allan Poe
American Rescue Committee: organization established in order to help rescue Jews from the Vichy regime in France and Nazi persecution during World War II (established by Varian Fry)
American Revolution: The war between the American colonies and Great Britain (1775-1783), leading to the formation of the independent United States. or United States War of Independence (1775-83) War that won political independence for 13 of Britain's North American colonies, which formed the United States of America. After the end of the costly French and Indian War (1763), Britain imposed new taxes (see Stamp Act; Sugar Act) and trade restrictions on the colonies, fueling growing resentment and strengthening the colonists' objection to their lack of representation in the British Parliament. Determined to achieve independence, the colonies formed the Continental Army, composed chiefly of minutemen, to challenge Britain's large, organized militia. The war began when Britain sent a force to destroy rebel military stores at Concord, Mass. After fighting broke out on April 19, 1775 (see Battles of Lexington and Concord), rebel forces began a siege of Boston that ended when American forces under Henry Knox forced out the British troops under William Howe on March 17, 1776 (see Battle of Bunker Hill). Britain's offer of pardon in exchange for surrender was refused by the Americans, who declared themselves independent on July 4, 1776 (see Declaration of Independence). British forces retaliated by driving the army of George Washington from New York to New Jersey. On December 25, Washington crossed the Delaware River and won the battles of Trenton and Princeton. The British army split to cover more territory, a fatal error. In engaging the Americans in Pennsylvania, notably in the Battle of the Brandywine, they left the troops in the north vulnerable. Despite a victory in the Battle of Ticonderoga, British troops under John Burgoyne were defeated by Horatio Gates and Benedict Arnold in the Battle of Saratoga (Oct. 17, 1777). Washington quartered his 11,000 troops through a bleak winter at Valley Forge, where they received training from Frederick Steuben that gave them victory in Monmouth, N.J., on June 28, 1778. British forces in the north thenceforth chiefly concentrated near New York. France, which had been secretly furnishing aid to the Americans since 1776, finally declared war on Britain in June 1778. French troops assisted American troops in the south, culminating in the successful Siege of Yorktown, where Charles Cornwallis surrendered his forces on Oct. 19, 1781, bringing an end to the war on land. War continued at sea, fought chiefly between Britain and the U.S.'s European allies. The navies of Spain and the Netherlands contained most of Britain's navy near Europe and away from the fighting in America. The last battle of the war was won by the American navy under John Barry in March 1783 in the Straits of Florida. With the Treaty of Paris (Sept. 3, 1783), Britain recognized the independence of the U.S. east of the Mississippi River and ceded Florida to Spain
American Revolution: The struggle by which the United States won independence from Great Britain (1775-1783)
American Revolution: The US war for independence from Great Britain from 1775 to 1783
American Revolution: Rebellion of English American colonies along Atlantic seaboard between 1775 and 1783; resulted in independence for former British colonies and eventual formation of United States of America (p 699)
American Revolutionary War: the war in which people in Britain's colonies in North America became independent and established the United States of America (1775-83)
American Saddlebred: or American Saddle Horse Breed of light horse that originated in the U.S. The breed was developed by crossing Thoroughbreds, Morgans, and Standardbreds on native mares having an easy gait. It stands 15-16 hands (5-5.3 ft [1.5-1.6 m]) high, and its colours are bay, brown, black, gray, and chestnut. Two show categories are for three-gaited and five-gaited horses. The three natural gaits are walk, trot, and canter; the five-gaited horse also has two trained gaits, the rack and the slow gait, or running walk. The American Saddlebred is also well known as a fine harness horse for show
American Sailing Association: organization that unites sailors and sailing enthusiasts, ASA
American Samoa: {i} (Territory of American Samoa) group of islands in the southern Pacific Ocean which are a territory of the United States of America
American Samoa: An unincorporated territory of the United States in the southern Pacific Ocean northeast of Fiji comprising the eastern islands of the Samoan archipelago. American Samoa has been administered by the United States since 1899. Pago Pago, on Tutuila, the largest island of the group, is the capital. Population: 32,279. a group of islands in the Pacific Ocean, which are a territory of the US. Population: 54,000 (1995). Capital: Pago Pago. officially Territory of American Samoa Unincorporated U.S. territory (pop., 2000: 57,291), southwest-central Pacific Ocean. It includes the islands of Tutuila (the largest, with over two-thirds of the territory's land area and 95% of the population), Aunuu, Rose, Swains, and the Manua group. Area: 77 sq mi (199 sq km). Capital: Pago Pago (on Tutuila). Languages: Samoan, English (both official). Currency: U.S. dollar. Most of the islands are rocky, formed from extinct volcanoes, and are surrounded by coral reefs. Tutuila and the islands of Manua are dominated by central mountain ranges. Fishing and tourism are major industries, but the U.S. administration is the main employer. The majority of the population is of Samoan ancestry. The islands were probably inhabited by Polynesians 2,500 years ago. Dutch explorers became the first Europeans to visit the islands in 1722. A haven for runaway sailors and escaped convicts, the islands were ruled by local chiefs until 1860. The U.S. gained the right to establish a naval station at Pago Pago in 1872, and the U.S., Britain, and Germany administered a tripartite protectorate in 1889-99. The high chiefs ceded the eastern islands to the U.S. in 1904 (Britain ceded Swains in 1925). American Samoa was administered by the U.S. Department of the Navy until 1951 and afterward by the Department of the Interior. Its first constitution was approved in 1960, and in 1978 the territory's first elected governor took office
American Samoan: {s} pertaining to American Samoan; pertaining to the citizens of American Samoan
American Samoan: {i} citizen or resident of American Samoan; language spoken in American Samoan
American Sign Language: The primary sign language used by deaf and hearing-impaired people in the United States and Canada, devised in part by Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet on the basis of sign language in France. Also called Ameslan
American Sign Language: {i} ASL, sign language used in the USA
American Spanish: The Spanish language as used in the Western Hemisphere
American Staffordshire terrier: A strong muscular terrier of an American breed with powerful jaws, a broad skull, and short hair, originally developed for dogfighting. Also called pit bull, pit bull terrier, Staffordshire terrier
American Standard: American company headquartered in New Jersey, manufacturer of equipment and products for a wide variety of applications (including medicine, farming, automotive, plumbing and air conditioning)
American Standard Code for Information Interchange: A 7-bit binary code standardized by American National Standards Institute (ANSI) for use by personal computers (PCs) and some mainframes to represent alphanumeric and graphical characters An additional bit is included to form an 8-bit character (byte)
American Standard Code for Information Interchange: Pronounced 'ask-ee', a code used by computers to represent alphanumeric characters and some punctuation marks Each character is represented by a 7-digit binary number, 0000000 to 1111111, giving a total character set of 128 E-mail messages sent over the Internet take ASCII form, meaning that some kind of conversion is often required
American Standard Code for Information Interchange: (ASCII) The primary encoding character set used in computers The current version has 7 bits per character 8-bit "words" or character codes provide a bit that can be used as a check bit to help verify that the remaining 7 bits are correct
American Standard Code for Information Interchange: Basic computer characters accepted by all American machines and many foreign ones
American Standard Code for Information Interchange: ASCII is also sometimes called TTY because of its heritage in the teletype industry ASCII is used to represent characters, numbers, and control codes It is the most commonly recognized standard among the general PC and minicomputer users
American Standard Code for Information Interchange: A code with seven information signals plus one parity check signal, designed for interworking between computers (i e , the transmittal of text) The most popular coding method used by computers for converting letters, numbers, punctuation and control codes with digital form
American Standard Code for Information Interchange: ASCII (pronounced ass-key) is the standard character set displayed by most computers; it's what you see in e-mail messages Thus the somewhat redundant phrase "plain ascii" to denote text that has no special fonts or graphics elements
American Standard Code for Information Interchange: The character set used by most American computers Supersets of ASCII contain non-English characters
American Standard Code for Information Interchange: The predominant character set encoding of present-day computers ASCII uses 7 bits for each character It does not include accented letters or any other letter forms not used in English (such as the German sharp-S or the Norwegian ae-ligature) Compare to Unicode
American Standard Code for Information Interchange: A standard code used in data transmission in which 128 symbols are each represented by a binary number
American Standard Code for Information Interchange: A standard character-to-number encoding widely used in the computer industry See also: EBCDIC [Source: RFC1392]