pyotr

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Chaadayev Pyotr Yakovlevich Pyotr Alekseyevich Stolypin Pyotr Arkadyevich Struve Pyotr Berngardovich Tchaikovsky Pyotr Ilyich Wrangel Pyotr Nikolayevich Baron Pyotr Fyodorovich

Связанные Термины

Pyotr Baron Wrangel
born Aug. 27, 1878, Novo-Aleksandrovsk, Lith., Russian Empire died April 25, 1928, Brussels, Belg. Russian general who led the anti-Bolshevik forces in the Russian Civil War. A member of an old German baronial family, he served in the Russian imperial guards and commanded a Cossack division in World War I. After the Russian Revolution of 1917, he joined the anti-Bolshevik "White" forces of Anton Denikin. After capturing Tsaritsyn (now Volgograd) in 1919, he became commander of the Whites in April 1920 and tried to rally support from the peasants and Cossacks. He launched an offensive in Ukraine in June, but by November the Red Army had defeated the Whites and forced them to retreat to the Crimea. After evacuating his troops to Constantinople, he lived in exile in western Europe
Pyotr Arkadyevich Stolypin
born April 14, 1862, Dresden, Saxony died Sept. 18, 1911, Kiev, Ukraine, Russian Empire Russian politician. Appointed governor of the provinces of Grodno (1902) and Saratov (1903), he improved the welfare of the peasants while also subduing their rebellions. He gained the favour of Tsar Nicholas II and was appointed minister of the interior and prime minister in 1906. He initiated agrarian reforms that gave the peasants greater freedom to choose representatives to the zemstvo councils and to acquire land, which he believed would create a loyal and conservative class of farmers. His repressive measures against rebels and terrorists earned him the enmity of liberals. He dissolved the Duma when it opposed his reforms, but he later won support from moderates. He was assassinated by a revolutionary in 1911
Pyotr Berngardovich Struve
born Feb. 7, 1870, Perm, Russia died Feb. 26, 1944, Paris, France Russian economist and journalist. In 1894 he wrote a well-regarded Marxist analysis of Russian capitalism and in 1898 a manifesto for the newly formed Russian Social-Democratic Workers' Party. After his arrest and exile in 1901, he broke with revolutionary Marxism; from 1902 to 1905 he edited the illegal but widely read journal Osvobozhdeniy ("Liberation"), in which he called for a constitutional monarchy. He returned to Russia in 1905, joined the Constitutional Democratic Party, and edited the moderate journal Russkaya mysly ("Russian Thought"). In 1917 he opposed the Bolshevik takeover and left Russia for Paris and (after 1928) Belgrade
Pyotr Chaadayev
born June 7, 1794, Moscow, Russia died April 26, 1856, Moscow Russian writer. In 1827-31 he wrote in French his Philosophical Letters, which explored among other issues Russia's relation to the West; he urged a Western path of development for Russia. After a Russian translation of the first letter appeared, it was banned, and Chaadayev was declared insane. He continued to live in Moscow, however, where he was venerated by young Westernizers, whose ideas of Russian history precipitated the debate between Slavophiles and Westernizers
Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky
born May 7, 1840, Votkinsk, Russia died Nov. 6, 1893, St. Petersburg Russian composer. Sensitive and interested in music from his early childhood, Tchaikovsky turned to serious composition at age
Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky
In 1862 he began studying at the new St. Petersburg Conservatory; from 1866 he taught at the Moscow Conservatory. His Piano Concerto No. 1 (1875) was premiered in Boston and became immensely popular. He wrote his first ballet, Swan Lake (first performed 1877), on commission from the Bolshoi Ballet. In 1877 he received a commission from the wealthy Nadezhda von Meck (1831-94), who became his patron and longtime correspondent. The opera Eugene Onegin (1878) soon followed. Though homosexual, he married briefly; after three disastrous months of marriage, he attempted suicide. His composition was overshadowed by his personal crisis for years. His second ballet, Sleeping Beauty (1889), was followed by the opera The Queen of Spades (1890) and the great ballet The Nutcracker (1892). The Pathétique Symphony (1893) premiered four days before his death from cholera; claims that he was forced to commit suicide by noblemen outraged by his sexual liaisons are unfounded. He revolutionized the ballet genre by transforming it from a grand decorative gesture into a staged musical drama. His music has always had great popular appeal because of its tuneful, poignant melodies, impressive harmonies, and colourful, picturesque orchestration
Pyotr Nikolayevich Baron Wrangel
born Aug. 27, 1878, Novo-Aleksandrovsk, Lith., Russian Empire died April 25, 1928, Brussels, Belg. Russian general who led the anti-Bolshevik forces in the Russian Civil War. A member of an old German baronial family, he served in the Russian imperial guards and commanded a Cossack division in World War I. After the Russian Revolution of 1917, he joined the anti-Bolshevik "White" forces of Anton Denikin. After capturing Tsaritsyn (now Volgograd) in 1919, he became commander of the Whites in April 1920 and tried to rally support from the peasants and Cossacks. He launched an offensive in Ukraine in June, but by November the Red Army had defeated the Whites and forced them to retreat to the Crimea. After evacuating his troops to Constantinople, he lived in exile in western Europe
Pyotr Stolypin
born April 14, 1862, Dresden, Saxony died Sept. 18, 1911, Kiev, Ukraine, Russian Empire Russian politician. Appointed governor of the provinces of Grodno (1902) and Saratov (1903), he improved the welfare of the peasants while also subduing their rebellions. He gained the favour of Tsar Nicholas II and was appointed minister of the interior and prime minister in 1906. He initiated agrarian reforms that gave the peasants greater freedom to choose representatives to the zemstvo councils and to acquire land, which he believed would create a loyal and conservative class of farmers. His repressive measures against rebels and terrorists earned him the enmity of liberals. He dissolved the Duma when it opposed his reforms, but he later won support from moderates. He was assassinated by a revolutionary in 1911
Pyotr Struve
born Feb. 7, 1870, Perm, Russia died Feb. 26, 1944, Paris, France Russian economist and journalist. In 1894 he wrote a well-regarded Marxist analysis of Russian capitalism and in 1898 a manifesto for the newly formed Russian Social-Democratic Workers' Party. After his arrest and exile in 1901, he broke with revolutionary Marxism; from 1902 to 1905 he edited the illegal but widely read journal Osvobozhdeniy ("Liberation"), in which he called for a constitutional monarchy. He returned to Russia in 1905, joined the Constitutional Democratic Party, and edited the moderate journal Russkaya mysly ("Russian Thought"). In 1917 he opposed the Bolshevik takeover and left Russia for Paris and (after 1928) Belgrade
Pyotr Yakovlevich Chaadayev
born June 7, 1794, Moscow, Russia died April 26, 1856, Moscow Russian writer. In 1827-31 he wrote in French his Philosophical Letters, which explored among other issues Russia's relation to the West; he urged a Western path of development for Russia. After a Russian translation of the first letter appeared, it was banned, and Chaadayev was declared insane. He continued to live in Moscow, however, where he was venerated by young Westernizers, whose ideas of Russian history precipitated the debate between Slavophiles and Westernizers