A city of northeast France on the Moselle River north of Nancy. Settled before Roman times, it prospered as a free imperial city after the 12th century and was annexed by France in 1552. The city was ruled by Germany from 1871 to 1918. Population: 114,232. City (pop., 1999 est.: 123,776), northeastern France. It derives its name from the Mediomatrici, a Gallic tribe who made the city their capital. Fortified by the Romans, it became a bishopric in the 4th century AD. It passed to Frankish rule in the 5th century and became the capital of Lorraine in 843. It prospered as a free town within the Holy Roman Empire. Taken by the French in 1552, it was formally ceded to France in 1648. It fell to German rule in 1871 but was returned to France after World War I. It is the birthplace of Paul Verlaine