hendrik

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Englisch - Englisch
Baekeland Leo Hendrik Berlage Hendrik Petrus Frederik Hendrik Lorentz Hendrik Antoon Terbrugghen Hendrik Verwoerd Hendrik Frensch Willem Hendrik

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Hendrik Antoon Lorentz
born July 18, 1853, Arnhem, Neth. died Feb. 4, 1928, Haarlem Dutch physicist. He taught at the University of Leiden (1878-1912) and later directed Haarlem's Teyler Institute. In 1875 he refined James Clerk Maxwell's theory of electromagnetic radiation so that it explained the reflection and refraction of light. Aiming to devise a single theory to explain the relationship of electricity, magnetism, and light, he later suggested that atoms might consist of charged particles that oscillate and produce light. In 1896 his student Pieter Zeeman (1865-1943) demonstrated this phenomenon (see Zeeman effect), and in 1902 the two men were awarded the second Nobel Prize for Physics. In 1904 Lorentz developed the Lorentz transformations (including the so-called Fitzgerald-Lorentz contraction), mathematical formulas that relate space and time measurements of one observer to those of a second observer moving relative to the first. These formed the basis of Albert Einstein's special theory of relativity
Hendrik Frensch Verwoerd
v. born Sept. 8, 1901, Amsterdam, Neth. died Sept. 6, 1966, Cape Town, S.Af. Dutch-born South African prime minister (1958-66). He was taken to South Africa as an infant by his missionary parents. After studying at the University of Stellenbosch, he became a professor there, and in 1937 he became editor of the Afrikaner nationalist daily in Johannesburg. Appointed senator (1948) and then minister of native affairs (1950), he was responsible for much of the country's new apartheid legislation. When he became prime minister in 1958, his apartheid program was strictly enforced, and he pushed through legislation resettling blacks in reservations. His policies provoked demonstrations, sometimes violent. In 1960 white voters approved his recommendation that South Africa leave the British Commonwealth, and his dream of a republic came true. He was stabbed to death in the parliamentary chamber by a parliamentary messenger of mixed descent
Hendrik Petrus Berlage
born Feb. 21, 1856, Amsterdam, Neth. died Aug. 12, 1934, The Hague Dutch architect. After studies in Zürich, he began his practice in Amsterdam (1889). His best-known work is the Amsterdam Stock Exchange (1897-1903), notable for its forthright use of structural steel and traditional Dutch brickwork. While visiting the U.S. (1911), he was exposed to the work of Louis H. Sullivan and Frank Lloyd Wright and later introduced their methods and ideas to Europe. His work was characterized by the honest use of materials based on their fundamental properties and the avoidance of meaningless ornamentation
Hendrik Terbrugghen
or Hendrick ter Brugghen born 1588, Deventer?, Neth. buried Nov. 9, 1629, Utrecht Dutch painter. He reportedly spent 10 years in Italy, and on his return to Utrecht in 1615 his work showed the strong influence of Caravaggio. His two versions of The Calling of St. Matthew ( 1617, 1621) reflect knowledge of Caravaggio's treatment of the same subject. He is most indebted to Caravaggio for his chiaroscuro, though his own light is more atmospheric and silvery, as in The Flute Player (1621). His masterpiece is St. Sebastian Attended by Irene and Her Maid (1625). With Gerrit van Honthorst, he was a leader of the Utrecht school
Hendrik Verwoerd
v. born Sept. 8, 1901, Amsterdam, Neth. died Sept. 6, 1966, Cape Town, S.Af. Dutch-born South African prime minister (1958-66). He was taken to South Africa as an infant by his missionary parents. After studying at the University of Stellenbosch, he became a professor there, and in 1937 he became editor of the Afrikaner nationalist daily in Johannesburg. Appointed senator (1948) and then minister of native affairs (1950), he was responsible for much of the country's new apartheid legislation. When he became prime minister in 1958, his apartheid program was strictly enforced, and he pushed through legislation resettling blacks in reservations. His policies provoked demonstrations, sometimes violent. In 1960 white voters approved his recommendation that South Africa leave the British Commonwealth, and his dream of a republic came true. He was stabbed to death in the parliamentary chamber by a parliamentary messenger of mixed descent
Leo Hendrik Baekeland
born Nov. 14, 1863, Ghent, Belg. died Feb. 23, 1944, Beacon, N.Y., U.S. Belgian-born U.S. industrial chemist. A teacher of chemistry in Belgium, he immigrated to the U.S. in 1889. He invented Velox, the first commercially successful photographic paper, which could be developed under artificial light, and sold the rights to George Eastman for $1 million in 1899. His search for a substitute for shellac led to the discovery in 1909 of a method of forming a hard thermosetting plastic, which he named Bakelite, produced from formaldehyde and phenol. His discovery helped found the modern plastics industry
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