barnard

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American educator and advocate of higher educational opportunities for women. He was the president of Columbia University from 1864 to 1889. Barnard College is named in his honor. American sculptor whose early works, such as Struggle of Two Natures in Man (1894), were influenced by Rodin. A colossal statue of Abraham Lincoln (1917) is perhaps his best-known work. Barnard's star Barnard Christiaan Neethling Barnard Henry

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Barnard's star
Star about six light-years away from the Sun, next nearest the Sun after the Alpha Centauri system, in the constellation Ophiuchus. Named for Edward Emerson Barnard (b. 1857 d. 1923), who discovered it in 1916, it has the largest proper motion of any known star. It is gradually nearing the solar system. The star attracted astronomers' attention in the 1960s when its proper motion was claimed to show periodic deviations attributed to the gravitational pull of two planets (see planets of other stars). The deviations were later proved to be artifacts of measurement
Christiaan Barnard
a South African doctor who in 1967 performed the first ever heart transplant (=an operation to take a heart from someone who has just died and put it into a living person) (1922-2001). born Nov. 8, 1922, Beaufort West, S.Af. died Sept. 2, 2001, Paphos, Cyprus South African surgeon. He showed that intestinal atresia is caused by deficient fetal blood supply, which led to development of a surgical procedure to correct the formerly fatal defect. He introduced open-heart surgery to South Africa, designed a new artificial heart valve, and did animal heart transplant experiments. In 1967 Barnard's team performed the first human heart transplant, replacing the heart of Louis Washkansky with one from an accident victim. The transplant was successful, but Washkansky, given immunosuppressant drugs to prevent rejection of the heart, died 18 days later from pneumonia
Christiaan Neethling Barnard
born Nov. 8, 1922, Beaufort West, S.Af. died Sept. 2, 2001, Paphos, Cyprus South African surgeon. He showed that intestinal atresia is caused by deficient fetal blood supply, which led to development of a surgical procedure to correct the formerly fatal defect. He introduced open-heart surgery to South Africa, designed a new artificial heart valve, and did animal heart transplant experiments. In 1967 Barnard's team performed the first human heart transplant, replacing the heart of Louis Washkansky with one from an accident victim. The transplant was successful, but Washkansky, given immunosuppressant drugs to prevent rejection of the heart, died 18 days later from pneumonia
Henry Barnard
born Jan. 24, 1811, Hartford, Conn., U.S. died July 5, 1900, Hartford U.S. educator. He studied law and entered the state legislature, where he helped create a state board of education and the first teachers' institute (1839). With Horace Mann, he undertook to reform the country's common schools; he was an innovator in instituting school inspections, textbook reviews, and parent-teacher organizations. As Rhode Island's first commissioner of education (from 1845) he worked to raise teachers' wages, repair buildings, and obtain higher-education appropriations. In 1855 he helped found the American Journal of Education. He was chancellor of the University of Wisconsin (1858-61). In 1867 he became the first U.S. commissioner of education, in which post he established a federal agency to collect national educational data
barnard
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