sigismund

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الإنجليزية - الإنجليزية
born Feb. 15, 1368, probably Nürnberg died Dec. 9, 1437, Znojmo, Bohemia Holy Roman emperor (1433-37), king of Hungary (from 1387), German king (from 1411), king of Bohemia (from 1419), and Lombard king (from 1431). He became king of Hungary by marriage and pawned his German lands to raise funds for defense (1388). He pursued an expansionist policy that brought him into conflict with his brother Wenceslas, whom he imprisoned (1402-03) in an abortive effort to seize Bohemia. As German king, Sigismund helped to end the Western Schism. He was twice defeated by the Turks (1396, 1428). Although he inherited the Bohemian crown in 1419, wars against the Hussites delayed his coronation until 1436. He gained the imperial crown in 1433, becoming the last emperor of the house of Luxembourg. Polish Zygmunt Stary ("Sigismund the Old") born Jan. 1, 1467 died April 1, 1548, Kraków, Pol. King of Poland (1506-48). Son of Casimir IV, he became grand prince of Lithuania and king of Poland in 1506. After his army subdued the Teutonic Order in East Prussia, he established Polish suzerainty over the area, known as Ducal Prussia (1525). He added the duchy of Mazovia (now the province of Warsaw) to the Polish state in 1529. He established judicial and administrative reforms and encouraged a reform of the currency. A lover of the fine arts, he brought Italian artists to Poland and promoted the development of the Renaissance. Sigismund I Zygmunt Stary Sigismund the Old Sigismund II Augustus Sigismund III Vasa

المصطلحات ذات الصلة

Sigismund II Augustus
Polish Zygmunt August born Aug. 1, 1520, Kraków, Pol. died July 7, 1572, Knyszyn King of Poland (1548-72). Son of Sigismund I, he was crowned coruler with his father in 1530 and ruled the duchy of Lithuania from 1544. After becoming king of Poland (1548), he supported the Teutonic Order in Livonia against Russia (1559) and by treaty incorporated Livonia into Lithuania (1561). Continued threats by Russia compelled Sigismund to unite the lands attached to the Polish crown, and by the Union of Lublin (1569) he united Poland and Lithuania and their respective dependencies. He died childless, which brought the end of the direct Jagiellon dynasty
Sigismund III Vasa
Polish Zygmunt Waza born June 20, 1566, Gripsholm, Swed. died April 30, 1632, Warsaw, Pol. King of Poland (1587-1632) and of Sweden (1592-99). Son of King John III of Sweden (1537-1592) and Catherine, daughter of Sigismund I of Poland, he was elected king of Poland in 1587. On his father's death (1592), he accepted the Swedish throne and was crowned in 1594. He left his paternal uncle Charles (later Charles IX) as regent in Sweden and returned to Poland, but Charles later rose in rebellion, defeated Sigismund's army (1598), and deposed Sigismund (1599). Poland and Sweden fought intermittently from 1600 as Sigismund tried to regain the Swedish throne. He invaded Russia in the Time of Troubles and held Moscow (1610-12). In a renewal of the Polish-Swedish conflict in 1621, King Gustav II Adolf seized most of Polish Livonia, which Sweden retained under the terms of a 1629 truce
Zygmunt Stary Sigismund the Old
Polish Zygmunt Stary ("Sigismund the Old") born Jan. 1, 1467 died April 1, 1548, Kraków, Pol. King of Poland (1506-48). Son of Casimir IV, he became grand prince of Lithuania and king of Poland in 1506. After his army subdued the Teutonic Order in East Prussia, he established Polish suzerainty over the area, known as Ducal Prussia (1525). He added the duchy of Mazovia (now the province of Warsaw) to the Polish state in 1529. He established judicial and administrative reforms and encouraged a reform of the currency. A lover of the fine arts, he brought Italian artists to Poland and promoted the development of the Renaissance