In recent years there has been increasing discussion of the problem of counterfactuals. One way of formulating this problem is as follows: What is meant when one asserts a conditional statement, the antecedent of which is contrary to fact?.
In economics, a "what if?" analysis Used to think about how an economy might have been different if one or more underlying conditions had been different
Counterfactual" means "contrary-to-(actual)-fact" One of the most common devices philosophers use to try to discover persons' dispositions to use a certain term, x, is to ask questions of the sort, "What would you say if such-and-such were (counterfactually) to be so-and-so? Would you describe it as being x?" For many philosophical purposes, "counterfactually" and "in another (i e non-actual) possible world" may be used interchangeably (See section 6 4, pp 108ff )
The situation or condition as it hypothetically would be for individuals, organizations, or groups were there no development intervention Used in the ADR
A conditional statement whose antecedent is known (or, at least, believed) to be contrary to fact Thus, for example, "If George W Bush had been born in Idaho, then he would never have become President " Unlike material implications, counterfactuals are not made true by the falsity of their antecedents Although they are not truth-functional statements, counterfactuals may be significant for the analysis of scientific hypotheses Recommended Reading: Igal Kvart, A Theory of Counterfactuals (Ridgeview, 1986) {at Amazon com} and David K Lewis, Counterfactuals (Blackwell, 2000) {at Amazon com} Also see SEP, OCP, OCDL, and noesis