aleksandrovich

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Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Bakunin Mikhail Aleksandrovich Blok Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Iosip Aleksandrovich Brodsky Bulganin Nikolay Aleksandrovich Vladimir Aleksandrovich Dukelsky Sergey Aleksandrovich Kusevitsky Moiseyev Igor Aleksandrovich Nikolay Aleksandrovich Potemkin Grigory Aleksandrovich Sholokhov Mikhail Aleksandrovich Yesenin Sergey Aleksandrovich Yevtushenko Yevgeny Aleksandrovich Zhdanov Andrey Aleksandrovich

المصطلحات ذات الصلة

Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Blok

born Nov. 28, 1880, St. Petersburg, Russia died Aug. 7, 1921, Petrograd [St. Petersburg] Russian poet and dramatist. He was the principal representative of Russian Symbolism (see Symbolist movement). He later rejected what he termed their sterile bourgeois intellectualism and embraced the Bolshevik movement as essential for the redemption of the Russian people. Influenced by early 19th-century Romantic poetry, he wrote musical verse in which sound was paramount. His preeminent work of impressionistic verse was the enigmatic ballad The Twelve (1918), which united the Russian Revolution and Christianity in an apocalyptic vision. In the era of postrevolutionary hardship he declined into mental and physical illness, possibly brought on by venereal disease, and died at 40

Andrey Aleksandrovich Zhdanov

born Feb. 26, 1896, Mariupol, Ukraine, Russian Empire died Aug. 31, 1948, Moscow, Russia, U.S.S.R. Soviet politician. He joined the Bolsheviks in 1915 and became a leading member of the Politburo (1939) and Communist Party secretary in Leningrad. A close associate of Joseph Stalin, he formulated the extreme anti-Western cultural policy known as "Zhdanovism" (1946), which imposed strict government control on art and literature and soon affected all intellectual activity in the Soviet Union. In 1947 he founded the propaganda bureau Cominform

Grigory Aleksandrovich Potemkin

born Sept. 24, 1739, Chizovo, Russia died Oct. 16, 1791, near Ia i, Moldavia Russian army officer. He entered the horseguards (1755) and helped bring Catherine II to power (1762). He fought with distinction in the Russo-Turkish War (1768-74), then became Catherine's lover (1774-76) and was made governor-general of "New Russia" (southern Ukraine). In 1783 she made him prince of Tauris. As a field marshal from 1784, he introduced reforms in the army, built the harbour of Sevastopol, and constructed a fleet in the Black Sea. He attempted to colonize the Ukrainian steppes, but he underestimated the costs, leaving many projects half-complete; his successful disguising of the weak points of his administration led to the claim that he erected mere facades "Potemkin villages" to show Catherine on her tour of the region. He commanded the Russian army in the second Russo-Turkish War

Igor Aleksandrovich Moiseyev

born Jan. 21, 1906, Kiev, Ukraine, Russian Empire Russian dancer, choreographer, and founder-director of the State Academic Folk Dance Ensemble, popularly called the Moiseyev Ensemble. He joined the Bolshoi Ballet in 1924. In 1936 he became head choreographer at Moscow's Theatre of Folk Art, and he later founded the State Academic Folk Dance Ensemble, in which ballet professionals performed dances from all U.S.S.R. republics. His choreography combined authentic folk-dance steps with theatrical effects, and he created more than 170 dances for the ensemble. The ensemble served as a model for other countries in subsequently forming their own folk-dance ensembles

Mikhail Aleksandrovich Bakunin

born May 30, 1814, Premukhino, Russia died July 1, 1876, Bern, Switz. Russian anarchist and political writer. He traveled in western Europe and was active in the Revolutions of 1848. After attending the Slav congress in Prague, he wrote the manifesto "An Appeal to Slavs" (1848). Arrested for revolutionary intrigues in Germany (1849), he was sent to Russia and exiled to Siberia. He escaped in 1861 and returned to western Europe, where he continued his militant anarchist teachings. At the First International (1872) he engaged in a famous quarrel with Karl Marx, which split the European revolutionary movement

Mikhail Aleksandrovich Sholokhov

born May 24, 1905, Veshenskaya, Russia died Feb. 21, 1984, Veshenskaya, U.S.S.R. Russian novelist. A native of the Don River region, he served in the Red Army and joined the Communist Party in 1932. He is best known for the huge novel The Quiet Don, translated in two parts as And Quiet Flows the Don (1934) and The Don Flows Home to the Sea (1940). A portrayal of the struggle between the Cossacks and Bolsheviks, it was heralded in the Soviet Union as a powerful example of Socialist Realism and became the most widely read novel in Russia. It became controversial when Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn and others alleged that it was plagiarized from the Cossack writer Fyodor Kryukov (d. 1920). Sholokhov's later novels include Virgin Soil Upturned (1932-60). He received the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1965

Nikolay Aleksandrovich Bulganin

born June 11, 1895, Nizhy Novgorod, Russia died Feb. 24, 1975, Moscow, Russia, U.S.S.R. Soviet statesman and industrial and economic administrator. After supporting Nikita Khrushchev in the latter's power struggle with Georgy Malenkov, Bulganin was made premier of the Soviet Union (1955-58). Though closely identified with Khrushchev, he joined an "antiparty group" that tried to oust Khruschev in 1957, a move that led to his own downfall

Sergey Aleksandrovich Yesenin

or Sergey Esenin born Oct. 3, 1895, Konstantinovo, Ryazan province, Russia died Dec. 27, 1925, Leningrad Russian poet. From a peasant family, he celebrated what he called "wooden Russia" (traditional culture) over modern, industrialized society in works beginning with Radunitsa (1916), and he believed the Revolution of 1917 would lead to the peasant millennium he envisioned. Taking up the life of a rowdy and blasphemous exhibitionist, he wrote cynical, swaggering tavern verse such as that contained in Ispoved khuligana (1921; "Confessions of a Hooligan"). In 1922 he married dancer Isadora Duncan, though neither could speak the other's language. His efforts to adjust to the revolutionary era were unsuccessful, and he hanged himself at age

Sergey Aleksandrovich Yesenin

Though frowned on by the authorities, he was very popular in Russia both during his life and afterward

Vladimir Aleksandrovich Dukelsky

orig. Vladimir (Aleksandrovich) Dukelsky born Oct. 10, 1903, Parfyanovka, near Pskov, Russia died Jan. 16, 1969, Santa Monica, Calif., U.S. Russian-born U.S. composer. He fled Russia at age 16, settling in Constantinople. From there he visited the U.S., where George Gershwin suggested his new name and advised him not to be afraid of "going low-brow." He composed classical works in Europe, including Zéphyr et Flore (1925) for the Ballets Russes but returned to the U.S. in 1929. With lyricists including Edgar Harburg and Howard Dietz, he wrote music for shows (including Walk a Little Faster, 1932) and movies (including Cabin in the Sky, 1943, and Sadie Thompson, 1944). His songs include "April in Paris," "Taking a Chance on Love," and "Banjo Eyes

Yevgeny Aleksandrovich Yevtushenko

born July 18, 1933, Zima, Irkutsk oblast, Russian S.F.S.R. Russian poet. The descendant of Ukrainians exiled to Siberia, he grew up in Moscow and in the small town that is the setting of his first important narrative poem, Zima Junction (1956). He became the spokesman for the post-Stalin generation of Russian poets with his internationally publicized demands for greater artistic freedom, which signaled an easing of Soviet control over artists in the late 1950s and '60s. He revived brash, slangy language and traditions such as love lyrics and personal lyrics, frowned upon under Stalinism. His poem "Baby Yar" (1961) was an attack on lingering Soviet anti-Semitism; his most ambitious cycle of poems is Bratsk Station (1966). He became famous worldwide for his passionate recitations