palaeologus

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A family of ancient foundation, that was in fact the last dynasty ruling the Byzantine Empire
Andronicus II Palaeologus Andronicus III Palaeologus Constantine XI Palaeologus John V Palaeologus John VIII Palaeologus Manuel II Palaeologus Michael VIII Palaeologus

İlgili Terimler

Andronicus II Palaeologus
born 1260, Constantinople died Feb. 13, 1332, Constantinople Byzantine emperor (1282-1328). The son of Michael VIII Palaeologus, he was an intellectual and theologian rather than a soldier and statesman, and during his reign the Byzantine Empire declined to the status of a minor state. Ottoman Turks controlled Anatolia by 1300, and Serbs dominated the Balkans. By siding with Genoa in the war between Genoa and Venice, Andronicus provoked an attack by the Venetian navy. Despite the rising political disorder, he promoted Byzantine art and the independence of the Eastern Orthodox church. Deposed by his grandson Andronicus III Palaeologus, he entered a monastery
Andronicus III Palaeologus
born March 25, 1297, Constantinople died June 15, 1341, Constantinople Byzantine emperor (1328-41). He forced his grandfather Andronicus II Palaeologus to make him coemperor (1325) and then to abdicate (1328). He relied on John VI Cantacuzenus to reform the courts and rebuild the imperial navy. He ceded control of Macedonia to Serbia (1334) and lost land to the Ottoman Turks in Anatolia, but he regained some Aegean islands from the Genoese and reasserted control of Epirus and Thessaly
Constantine XI Palaeologus
born Feb. 9, 1404, Constantinople died May 29, 1453, Constantinople Last Byzantine emperor (1449-53), sometimes called Constantine XII because of the erroneous notion that Constantine Lascaris was crowned in 1204. He became emperor when his brother John VIII Palaeologus died childless, but he faced a losing battle against the Ottoman Turks, who were directing all their resources toward the capture of Constantinople. He acknowledged the obedience of the Greek church to Rome in order to secure help from the West, but in vain. He was killed fighting at the walls of Constantinople as the Turks broke through
John V Palaeologus
born June 18, 1332, Didymoteichon died Feb. 16, 1391, Constantinople Byzantine emperor (1341-91). The son of Andronicus III Palaeologus, he inherited the throne at age nine; John VI Cantacuzenus served as his regent and coemperor (1347-54). After the Ottoman Turks gained control of Galliopoli and threatened Constantinople, John V appealed to the West for help, proposing to end the schism between the Byzantine and Latin churches. Impoverished by war, he was detained as a debtor when he visited Venice (1369). In 1371 he was forced to recognize Turkish overlords, who later helped him to regain the throne (1379) after he was deposed by his son
John VIII Palaeologus
born Dec. 17/18, 1392 died Oct. 31, 1448, Constantinople Byzantine emperor (1421-48). The son of Manuel II Palaeologus, he was crowned coemperor with his father in 1408 and took effective control of the empire in 1421. He became sole emperor after his father's death in 1425. Of the diminished and fragmented empire, he ruled only Constantinople and the surrounding area. The city was besieged by the Ottoman Turks (1422), and, when Thessaloníki fell to Turkish forces (1430), John appealed to the West for help. He united the Byzantine and Latin churches (1439), but joint efforts against the Turks failed, and the Byzantines refused to submit to the pope. John died amid intrigues over succession
Manuel II Palaeologus
born July 27, 1350 died July 21, 1425 Byzantine emperor (1391-1425). He was crowned coemperor with his father, John V Palaeologus, in 1373; his brother Andronicus IV seized the throne in 1376, but Manuel and his father regained it with Turkish aid in 1379. They were obliged to pay tribute to the sultan, who later helped them quash a rebellion by Andronicus's son (1390). Manuel was forced to live as a vassal at the Turkish court but escaped after his father's death (1391). A treaty in 1403 kept peace with the Turks until 1421, when Manuel's son and coemperor John VIII meddled in Turkish affairs. After the Turks besieged Constantinople (1422) and took southern Greece (1423), Manuel signed a humiliating treaty and entered a monastery
Michael VIII Palaeologus
born 1224 or 1225 died Dec. 11, 1282, Thrace Nicaean emperor (1259-61) and Byzantine emperor (1261-82), founder of the Palaeologan dynasty. Appointed regent for the six-year-old son of Theodore II (1258), he seized the throne and blinded the rightful heir. He recovered Constantinople from the Latins (1261) and allied with the pope against his rivals, briefly reuniting Greek and Roman churches in 1274 (see Councils of Lyon). In 1281 the new pope, Martin IV, excommunicated him and declared Charles of Anjou's planned campaign against Byzantium to be a holy Crusade against the schismatic Greeks. The Sicilian Vespers prevented Charles's expedition and thus saved Byzantium from a second occupation by the Latins
palaeologus