çalıştırma, çalış, çalışarak, işlevli, faal, işler durumda, fonksiyon, işlevini yerine getirmek, ödev, mat fonksiyon, yükümlülük, işlev, Bir organın normal olarak yaptığı görev (özel iş), fonksiyon, işler durumda, işlev,v.fonksiyonunu yerine getir:n.fonksiyon, çalışmak, işlev görmek, iş görmek, görevini icra etme, görev yapmak, işlemek, öz işlev, görevini icra etmek, fonksiyon göstermek, faaliyette bulunmak, hizmet, musamere, mat. fonksiyon, işlev, görev, amaç, icra edilmekte olan, f işlemek, go revini yapmak function word gram iki kelime arasındaki ilişkiyi gosteren kelime functioning s faal, toplantı, dini tören, iş, iş, görev, vazife, işlev, fonksiyon, tören, merasim,
1
çalıştırma isim
ts
2
çalış fiil
ts
3
çalışarak
ts
4
işlevli
ts
5
faal, işler durumda sıfat
ts
6
function
fonksiyon isim
ts
7
function
işlevini yerine getirmek fiil
ts
8
function
ödev
ts
9
function
mat fonksiyon
ts
10
function
yükümlülük
ts
11
Function
işlev
ts
12
function
Bir organın normal olarak yaptığı görev (özel iş), fonksiyon Tıp
ts
13
function
işler durumda
ts
14
function
işlev,v.fonksiyonunu yerine getir:n.fonksiyon
ts
15
function
çalışmak fiil
ts
16
function
işlev görmek
ts
17
function
iş görmek
ts
18
function
görevini icra etme Kanun
ts
19
function
görev yapmak
ts
20
function
işlemek fiil
ts
21
function
öz işlev Askeri
ts
22
function
görevini icra etmek Kanun
ts
23
function
fonksiyon göstermek
ts
24
function
faaliyette bulunmak
ts
25
function
hizmet isim
ts
26
function
musamere
ts
27
function
mat. fonksiyon, işlev isim
ts
28
function
görev isim
ts
29
function
amaç isim
ts
30
function
icra edilmekte olan
ts
31
function
f işlemek
ts
32
function
go revini yapmak function word gram iki kelime arasındaki ilişkiyi gosteren kelime functioning s faal
The manner in something functions; the workings, Present participle of function, working, action of the verb to function, performing or able to perform its regular function; "a functioning flashlight, working, operating, performance, working, operating, process or manner of functioning or operating; "the power of its engine determine its operation"; "the plane's operation in high winds"; "they compared the cooking performance of each oven"; "the jet's performance conformed to high standards", performing or able to perform its regular function; "a functioning flashlight", A routine that receives zero or more arguments and may return a result, The physiological activity of an organ or body part, A relation in which each element of the domain is associated with exactly one element of the codomain, A relation where one thing is dependent on another for its existence, value, or significance, What something does or is used for, A professional or official position, The characteristic behavior of a chemical compound, An official or social occasion, to have a function, to carry on a function; to be in action, fn, x, are all functions of x, To execute or perform a function; to transact one's regular or appointed business, A religious ceremony, esp, life is the sum of the functions of the various organs and parts of the body, x, and Sin, The natural or assigned action of any power or faculty, as of the soul, or of the intellect; the exertion of an energy of some determinate kind, one somewhat formal, A public or social ceremony or gathering; a festivity or entertainment, esp, The course of action which peculiarly pertains to any public officer in church or state; the activity appropriate to any business or profession, work; act; operate, Each quantity is said to be a function of the other, Thus, the circumference of a circle is a function of the diameter, If x be a symbol to which different numerical values can be assigned, such expressions as x2, 3x, Log, A routine that returns a result, one particularly impressive and elaborate, The appropriate action of any special organ or part of an animal or vegetable organism; as, the function of the heart or the limbs; the function of leaves, sap, roots, etc, The act of executing or performing any duty, office, or calling; performance, A quantity so connected with another quantity, that if any alteration be made in the latter there will be a consequent alteration in the former, the actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group; "the function of a teacher"; "the government must do its part"; "play its role", A mathematical formula establishing an unambiguous relationship between two variables For every value entered (input), the process of performing the mathematics will produce a different value (output) as a result To say, for example, that "population density is a function of soil fertility" is to say that every measure of soil fertility can be entered into a formula (or a hypothetical formula) to produce a value of population density As soil fertility changes, population density will change as well Many functions are plotted as graphs, with the input as the X-axis and the output as the Y-axis; they also become the basis for formulas used in computer models, such as models of global climate processes (Source: Mintzer, 1992), A specialized group of statements often used to encapsulate general or program-specific tasks awk has a number of built-in functions, and also allows you to define your own See section Built-in Functions Also, see section User-defined Functions, perform duties attached to a particular office or place or function; "His wife officiated as his private secretary", serve a purpose, role, or function; "The tree stump serves as a table"; "The female students served as a control group"; "This table would serve very well"; "His freedom served him well"; "The table functions as a desk", HLU: Any member of the HLU API NCL: An identifier with a list of parameters separated by commas and enclosed in parentheses Functions return values when called A function is defined by NCL source unlike the NCL intrinsic function, what something is used for; "the function of an auger is to bore holes"; "ballet is beautiful but what use is it?", In the C/C++ programming languages, a function defines how to perform a particular operation A function can, for instance, add two numbers or rotate an object, or just about any operation Functions are called to execute them, A subprogram called from within an expression in which a value is computed and returned to the program that called it through its name Functions are classified as internal to the application language when their names are keywords, A rule for associating a member or a sequence of members of one set (the domain) with a member of another set (the range) See composition; computable function; definability of a function; minimization; n-adic function; partial function; primitive recursion; propositional function; recursive function; recursive function theory; representation of a function; total function; truth function, perform as expected when applied; "The washing machine won't go unless it's plugged in"; "Does this old car still run well?"; "This old radio doesn't work anymore", a set sequence of steps, part of larger computer program, If someone or something functions as a particular thing, they do the work or fulfil the purpose of that thing. On weekdays, one third of the room functions as workspace, If a machine or system is functioning, it is working or operating. The authorities say the prison is now functioning normally, The function of something or someone is the useful thing that they do or are intended to do. The main function of the merchant banks is to raise capital for industry. = purpose, role, duty, role; use, purpose; festive event, social occasion; formal gathering, formal meeting; mathematical function, quantity dependent on other quantities for its value (Mathematics), A function is a series of operations that a computer performs, for example when a single key or a combination of keys is pressed, If you say that one thing is a function of another, you mean that its amount or nature depends on the other thing. Investment is a function of the interest rate, a vaguely specified social event; "the party was quite an affair"; "an occasion arranged to honor the president"; "a seemingly endless round of social functions", a mathematical relation such that each element of one set is associated with at least one element of another set, A function is a large formal dinner or party. In mathematics, an expression, rule, or law that defines a relationship between one variable (the independent variable) and another (the dependent variable), which changes along with it. Most functions are numerical; that is, a numerical input value is associated with a single numerical output value. The formula A = r^2, for example, assigns to each positive real number r the area A of a circle with a radius of that length. The symbols f(x) and g(x) are typically used for functions of the independent variable x. A multivariable function such as w = f(x, y) is a rule for deriving a single numerical value from more than one input value. A periodic function repeats values over fixed intervals. If f(x + k) = f(x) for any value of x, f is a periodic function with a period of length k (a constant). The trigonometric functions are periodic. See also density function; exponential function; hyperbolic function; inverse function; transcendental function. density function exponential function hyperbolic function inverse function production function propositional function transcendental function trigonometric function wave function, A specialized group of statements used to encapsulate general or program-specific tasks awk has a number of built-in functions, and also allows you to define your own See section Built-in Functions, and section User-defined Functions, A function f of a variable x is a rule that assigns to each number x in the function's domain a single number f(x) The word "single" in this definition is very important (cf Functions as Processes or Rules Discussion), A basic programming command A function is to AutoLISP as a command is to DOS or to AutoCAD Most functions take arguments, which have to be in a certain order and of a certain type In AutoLISP, the function always comes first in the list (it is the first element inside the opening parenthesis) and it tells the AutoLISP interpreter what to do with all the other elements in the program expression Sample AutoLISP functions would include: math functions such as + and *, trig functions such as sin and atan, string functions such as strcat and substr, as well as the ubiquitous functions setq and defun For example, in the expression (* 45 0 3), the "*" is the function which multiplies the numbers following it In the expression (setq n1 500), the "setq" is the function which assigns the number 500 to the variable n1, A series of statements that perform some operation and return a single value (through the function or result name) to the calling program unit A function is invoked by a function reference in a main program unit or a subprogram unit In Fortran 95/90, a function can be used to define a new operator or extend the meaning of an intrinsic operator symbol The function is invoked by the appearance of the new or extended operator in the expression (along with the appropriate operands) For example, the symbol * can be defined for logical operands, extending its intrinsic definition for numeric operands See also function subprogram, statement function, and subroutine, A procedure, beginning with Function functionname() and ending with End Function, that returns a value to the calling procedure when it's complete, All the processes within an ecosystem through which the elements interact, such as succession, the food chain, fire, weather, and the hydrologic cycle, In the context of written language, a function is an abstract meaning which, by itself, has no intrinsic form In Unicode, some characters are defined solely on the basis of function; however, as characters, such functions usually refer to one or more nominal forms, the precise form of which can be determined only by context Form and function are independent dimensions along which the characters of Unicode are defined, uci A computer-supported capability provided to users as an aid for task performance Examples of functions are position designation or direction designation [MIL-HDBK-1908B], a formal or official social gathering or ceremony; "it was a black-tie function", a relation such that one thing is dependent on another; "height is a function of age"; "price is a function of supply and demand", a mathematical relation such that each element of one set is associated with at least one element of another set perform as expected when applied; "The washing machine won't go unless it's plugged in"; "Does this old car still run well?"; "This old radio doesn't work anymore, n 1 an object representing code, which can be called with zero or more arguments, and which produces zero or more values 2 an object of type function, Categories of spending established for accounting purposes to keep track of specific expenditures Each account is placed in the single function (such as transportation) that best represents its major purpose, regardless of the agency administering the program, tells you something about the gene Ultimately, function will tell you the type of protein encoded, and the name of the genetic locus if known Currently, function tells you the random gene name assigned by Kohara to this particular EST The expression level is shown in parentheses (See expression level below) Low numbers mean the gene was barely expressed and could fluctuate due to noise, A natural process that operates within or between areas and involves the movement and exchange of nutrients, energy, or genetic material Examples include hydrological processes, food webs, animal population dynamics, and surface drainage, A body of text in your program that you can call upon to perfrom a useful task or function Functions can also call upon other functions, A mathematical relationship between two values called the input and the output, such that for each input there is precisely one output For example, f defined on the set of real numbers as f(x) = x2 is a function with input any real number x and with output the square of x, An object used for performing actions and returning values Functions have a parameter list and an optional return value declaration, which together define the function's signature There are two kinds of functions: methods and generic functions A method has a body of code that is executed to compute the method's values when the method is called A generic function consists of a set of methods, and computes its values by selecting and calling an appropriate method based on the types of the arguments, A set of activities and professional specialties that form part of process, and are grouped generally into organizational units or departments A functional unit could involve a total process, but not always so DoD organizations are most commonly divided are into func-tional units, such as operations, logistics, personnel, research and development, contracts admin-istration, and finance and accounting Functional organizations are used to promote standard-ization and to reduce duplication of essential activities throughout an organization The functions adopt one system or one policy for everyone rather than have each department invent its own, A function (in the mathematical sense) is a relation such that for each thing in its domain (the universe of things it can be applied to), there is a single thing in its range (the universe of results it can have) such that the relation holds between them In CycL, functions are denoted by certain constants These constants are referred to as "function-denoting constants, "CycL functions," or sometimes just "functions " CycL functions can be applied to arguments to form non-atomic terms, which can serve as arguments to a predicate just as other terms can There are more details about CycL functions in the Functions section of "The Syntax of Cycl", knowledge: creation, the extension of God's Love or spirit; God creates His Son, Christ, Who in turn creates as does His Father; our function of creating, ongoing throughout eternity, is restored to our awareness when the Atonement is completed perception: forgiveness, healing, salvation, the acceptance of the Atonement for ourselves; our " special function" is to forgive our special relationships; the function of the Holy Spirit is to carry out the plan of the Atonement, reminding each Son of God of his special function, A PL/SQL subprogram that executes an operation and returns a value at the completion of the operation A function can be either built-in or user-named Contrast with procedure,
38
The manner in something functions; the workings
ts
39
Present participle of function
ts
40
working
ts
41
action of the verb to function
ts
42
performing or able to perform its regular function; "a functioning flashlight
ts
43
working, operating sıfat
ts
44
performance, working, operating isim
ts
45
process or manner of functioning or operating; "the power of its engine determine its operation"; "the plane's operation in high winds"; "they compared the cooking performance of each oven"; "the jet's performance conformed to high standards"
ts
46
performing or able to perform its regular function; "a functioning flashlight"
ts
47
function
A routine that receives zero or more arguments and may return a result
ts
48
function
The physiological activity of an organ or body part
ts
49
function
A relation in which each element of the domain is associated with exactly one element of the codomain
ts
50
function
A relation where one thing is dependent on another for its existence, value, or significance
ts
51
function
What something does or is used for
ts
52
function
A professional or official position
ts
53
function
The characteristic behavior of a chemical compound
ts
54
function
An official or social occasion
ts
55
function
to have a function
ts
56
function
to carry on a function; to be in action
ts
57
function.
fn
ts
58
function
x, are all functions of x
ts
59
function
To execute or perform a function; to transact one's regular or appointed business
ts
60
function
A religious ceremony, esp
ts
61
function
life is the sum of the functions of the various organs and parts of the body
ts
62
function
x, and Sin
ts
63
function
The natural or assigned action of any power or faculty, as of the soul, or of the intellect; the exertion of an energy of some determinate kind
ts
64
function
one somewhat formal
ts
65
function
A public or social ceremony or gathering; a festivity or entertainment, esp
ts
66
function
The course of action which peculiarly pertains to any public officer in church or state; the activity appropriate to any business or profession
ts
67
function
work; act; operate fiil
ts
68
function
Each quantity is said to be a function of the other
ts
69
function
Thus, the circumference of a circle is a function of the diameter
ts
70
function
If x be a symbol to which different numerical values can be assigned, such expressions as x2, 3x, Log
ts
71
function
A routine that returns a result
ts
72
function
one particularly impressive and elaborate
ts
73
function
The appropriate action of any special organ or part of an animal or vegetable organism; as, the function of the heart or the limbs; the function of leaves, sap, roots, etc
ts
74
function
The act of executing or performing any duty, office, or calling; performance
ts
75
function
A quantity so connected with another quantity, that if any alteration be made in the latter there will be a consequent alteration in the former
ts
76
function
the actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group; "the function of a teacher"; "the government must do its part"; "play its role"
ts
77
function
A mathematical formula establishing an unambiguous relationship between two variables For every value entered (input), the process of performing the mathematics will produce a different value (output) as a result To say, for example, that "population density is a function of soil fertility" is to say that every measure of soil fertility can be entered into a formula (or a hypothetical formula) to produce a value of population density As soil fertility changes, population density will change as well Many functions are plotted as graphs, with the input as the X-axis and the output as the Y-axis; they also become the basis for formulas used in computer models, such as models of global climate processes (Source: Mintzer, 1992)
ts
78
function
A specialized group of statements often used to encapsulate general or program-specific tasks awk has a number of built-in functions, and also allows you to define your own See section Built-in Functions Also, see section User-defined Functions
ts
79
function
perform duties attached to a particular office or place or function; "His wife officiated as his private secretary"
ts
80
function
serve a purpose, role, or function; "The tree stump serves as a table"; "The female students served as a control group"; "This table would serve very well"; "His freedom served him well"; "The table functions as a desk"
ts
81
function
HLU: Any member of the HLU API NCL: An identifier with a list of parameters separated by commas and enclosed in parentheses Functions return values when called A function is defined by NCL source unlike the NCL intrinsic function
ts
82
function
what something is used for; "the function of an auger is to bore holes"; "ballet is beautiful but what use is it?"
ts
83
function
In the C/C++ programming languages, a function defines how to perform a particular operation A function can, for instance, add two numbers or rotate an object, or just about any operation Functions are called to execute them
ts
84
function
A subprogram called from within an expression in which a value is computed and returned to the program that called it through its name Functions are classified as internal to the application language when their names are keywords
ts
85
function
A rule for associating a member or a sequence of members of one set (the domain) with a member of another set (the range) See composition; computable function; definability of a function; minimization; n-adic function; partial function; primitive recursion; propositional function; recursive function; recursive function theory; representation of a function; total function; truth function
ts
86
function
perform as expected when applied; "The washing machine won't go unless it's plugged in"; "Does this old car still run well?"; "This old radio doesn't work anymore"
ts
87
function
a set sequence of steps, part of larger computer program
ts
88
function
If someone or something functions as a particular thing, they do the work or fulfil the purpose of that thing. On weekdays, one third of the room functions as workspace
ts
89
function
If a machine or system is functioning, it is working or operating. The authorities say the prison is now functioning normally
ts
90
function
The function of something or someone is the useful thing that they do or are intended to do. The main function of the merchant banks is to raise capital for industry. = purpose, role
ts
91
function
duty, role; use, purpose; festive event, social occasion; formal gathering, formal meeting; mathematical function, quantity dependent on other quantities for its value (Mathematics) isim
ts
92
function
A function is a series of operations that a computer performs, for example when a single key or a combination of keys is pressed
ts
93
function
If you say that one thing is a function of another, you mean that its amount or nature depends on the other thing. Investment is a function of the interest rate
ts
94
function
a vaguely specified social event; "the party was quite an affair"; "an occasion arranged to honor the president"; "a seemingly endless round of social functions"
ts
95
function
a mathematical relation such that each element of one set is associated with at least one element of another set
ts
96
function
A function is a large formal dinner or party. In mathematics, an expression, rule, or law that defines a relationship between one variable (the independent variable) and another (the dependent variable), which changes along with it. Most functions are numerical; that is, a numerical input value is associated with a single numerical output value. The formula A = r^2, for example, assigns to each positive real number r the area A of a circle with a radius of that length. The symbols f(x) and g(x) are typically used for functions of the independent variable x. A multivariable function such as w = f(x, y) is a rule for deriving a single numerical value from more than one input value. A periodic function repeats values over fixed intervals. If f(x + k) = f(x) for any value of x, f is a periodic function with a period of length k (a constant). The trigonometric functions are periodic. See also density function; exponential function; hyperbolic function; inverse function; transcendental function. density function exponential function hyperbolic function inverse function production function propositional function transcendental function trigonometric function wave function
ts
97
function
A specialized group of statements used to encapsulate general or program-specific tasks awk has a number of built-in functions, and also allows you to define your own See section Built-in Functions, and section User-defined Functions
ts
98
function
A function f of a variable x is a rule that assigns to each number x in the function's domain a single number f(x) The word "single" in this definition is very important (cf Functions as Processes or Rules Discussion)
ts
99
function
A basic programming command A function is to AutoLISP as a command is to DOS or to AutoCAD Most functions take arguments, which have to be in a certain order and of a certain type In AutoLISP, the function always comes first in the list (it is the first element inside the opening parenthesis) and it tells the AutoLISP interpreter what to do with all the other elements in the program expression Sample AutoLISP functions would include: math functions such as + and *, trig functions such as sin and atan, string functions such as strcat and substr, as well as the ubiquitous functions setq and defun For example, in the expression (* 45 0 3), the "*" is the function which multiplies the numbers following it In the expression (setq n1 500), the "setq" is the function which assigns the number 500 to the variable n1
ts
100
function
A series of statements that perform some operation and return a single value (through the function or result name) to the calling program unit A function is invoked by a function reference in a main program unit or a subprogram unit In Fortran 95/90, a function can be used to define a new operator or extend the meaning of an intrinsic operator symbol The function is invoked by the appearance of the new or extended operator in the expression (along with the appropriate operands) For example, the symbol * can be defined for logical operands, extending its intrinsic definition for numeric operands See also function subprogram, statement function, and subroutine
ts
101
function
A procedure, beginning with Function functionname() and ending with End Function, that returns a value to the calling procedure when it's complete
ts
102
function
All the processes within an ecosystem through which the elements interact, such as succession, the food chain, fire, weather, and the hydrologic cycle
ts
103
function
In the context of written language, a function is an abstract meaning which, by itself, has no intrinsic form In Unicode, some characters are defined solely on the basis of function; however, as characters, such functions usually refer to one or more nominal forms, the precise form of which can be determined only by context Form and function are independent dimensions along which the characters of Unicode are defined
ts
104
function
uci A computer-supported capability provided to users as an aid for task performance Examples of functions are position designation or direction designation [MIL-HDBK-1908B]
ts
105
function
a formal or official social gathering or ceremony; "it was a black-tie function"
ts
106
function
a relation such that one thing is dependent on another; "height is a function of age"; "price is a function of supply and demand"
ts
107
function
a mathematical relation such that each element of one set is associated with at least one element of another set perform as expected when applied; "The washing machine won't go unless it's plugged in"; "Does this old car still run well?"; "This old radio doesn't work anymore
ts
108
function
n 1 an object representing code, which can be called with zero or more arguments, and which produces zero or more values 2 an object of type function
ts
109
function
Categories of spending established for accounting purposes to keep track of specific expenditures Each account is placed in the single function (such as transportation) that best represents its major purpose, regardless of the agency administering the program
ts
110
function
tells you something about the gene Ultimately, function will tell you the type of protein encoded, and the name of the genetic locus if known Currently, function tells you the random gene name assigned by Kohara to this particular EST The expression level is shown in parentheses (See expression level below) Low numbers mean the gene was barely expressed and could fluctuate due to noise
ts
111
function
A natural process that operates within or between areas and involves the movement and exchange of nutrients, energy, or genetic material Examples include hydrological processes, food webs, animal population dynamics, and surface drainage
ts
112
function
A body of text in your program that you can call upon to perfrom a useful task or function Functions can also call upon other functions
ts
113
function
A mathematical relationship between two values called the input and the output, such that for each input there is precisely one output For example, f defined on the set of real numbers as f(x) = x2 is a function with input any real number x and with output the square of x
ts
114
function
An object used for performing actions and returning values Functions have a parameter list and an optional return value declaration, which together define the function's signature There are two kinds of functions: methods and generic functions A method has a body of code that is executed to compute the method's values when the method is called A generic function consists of a set of methods, and computes its values by selecting and calling an appropriate method based on the types of the arguments
ts
115
function
A set of activities and professional specialties that form part of process, and are grouped generally into organizational units or departments A functional unit could involve a total process, but not always so DoD organizations are most commonly divided are into func-tional units, such as operations, logistics, personnel, research and development, contracts admin-istration, and finance and accounting Functional organizations are used to promote standard-ization and to reduce duplication of essential activities throughout an organization The functions adopt one system or one policy for everyone rather than have each department invent its own
ts
116
function
A function (in the mathematical sense) is a relation such that for each thing in its domain (the universe of things it can be applied to), there is a single thing in its range (the universe of results it can have) such that the relation holds between them In CycL, functions are denoted by certain constants These constants are referred to as "function-denoting constants, "CycL functions," or sometimes just "functions " CycL functions can be applied to arguments to form non-atomic terms, which can serve as arguments to a predicate just as other terms can There are more details about CycL functions in the Functions section of "The Syntax of Cycl"
ts
117
function
knowledge: creation, the extension of God's Love or spirit; God creates His Son, Christ, Who in turn creates as does His Father; our function of creating, ongoing throughout eternity, is restored to our awareness when the Atonement is completed perception: forgiveness, healing, salvation, the acceptance of the Atonement for ourselves; our " special function" is to forgive our special relationships; the function of the Holy Spirit is to carry out the plan of the Atonement, reminding each Son of God of his special function
ts
118
function
A PL/SQL subprogram that executes an operation and returns a value at the completion of the operation A function can be either built-in or user-named Contrast with procedure
Some etymologies, pronunciations, function and usage date content for the English translation portion are from Merriam-Webster Online at www.Merriam-Webster.com. Thanks to Online Yunanca Dil Eğitimi for providing some parts of online greek dictionary. To contribute more resources please contact us. Visuals(images) are provided by Google Image Search API. Some parts of the dictionary is contributed by many users, thank you! The content on this site is for informational purposes only. Bu aramada functioning kelimesinin sözlük anlamı ve eşanlamı nedir, nasıl okunur hakkında bilgi verilmektedir. functioning kelimesinin etimolojik ve eşanlamları ile ilgili açıklamalar ve bilgiler eksiksiz ve hatasız olarak anılmamalıdır. Burada yer alan functioning kelimesi ile ilgili tüm açıklamalar bilgi amaçlıdır. Eksik ve hatalı çevirileri lütfen bildiriniz.