To convert a representation of language, typically speech but also sign language, etc., to another representation. The term now usually implies the conversion of speech to text by a human transcriptionist with the assistance of a computer for word processing and sometimes also for speech recognition, the process of a computer interpreting speech and converting it to text
The doctor made several recordings today which she will transcribe into medical reports tomorrow.
To make such a conversion, typically directly from live speech to a computer file, and typically in a courtroom during a criminal or other important trial or proceeding, by a court reporter
If you transcribe a piece of music for an instrument which is not the one for which it was originally written, you rewrite it so that it can be played on that instrument. He gave up trying to write for the guitar and decided to transcribe the work for piano
To adapt a composition for a voice or instrument other than the original; to notate live or recorded music
If you transcribe a speech or text, you write it out in a different form from the one in which it exists, for example by writing it out in full from notes or from a tape recording. She is transcribing, from his dictation, the diaries of Simon Forman