The organized suppression of heresy instituted by Pope Gregory IX in 1231 to bring about the apprehension and trial of those accused of heresy At this time, there was a sense of Christian unity, and most of them agreed with the Church that heretics seemed to threaten society itself See Heresy
A tribunal once set up by the Roman Catholic Church, intended to weed out heresy from the realms of Christendom Many Jews lost their homes and livelihoods in this age of intolerance, as did many gentiles who did not confess to the official doctrines of the established Church
A religious tribunal of the Catholic church for the suppression of heresy, first administered by the Dominican Order in the 3rd century In the 16th century the Spanish Inquisition was particularly active, and was controlled independently by the Spanish kings
An assembly of the Roman Catholic Church clergy established for the investigation of any opinions or doctrines differing from the official church position
Its operations were chiefly confined to Spain, Portugal, and their dependencies, and a part of Italy
A court or tribunal for the examination and punishment of heretics, fully established by Pope Gregory IX
An inquisition is an official investigation, especially one which is very thorough and uses harsh methods of questioning. In the Middle Ages, a judicial procedure that was used to combat heresy; in early modern times, a formal Roman Catholic judicial institution. Inquisito, a Latin term meaning investigation or inquest, was a legal procedure that involved the assemblage of evidence and the prosecution of a criminal trial. Use of the procedure against the heresies of the Cathari and Waldenses was approved by Pope Gregory IX in 1231. Suspected heretics were arrested, interrogated, and tried; the use of torture was approved by Innocent IV in 1252. Penalties ranged from prayer and fasting to imprisonment; convicted heretics who refused to recant could be executed by lay authorities. Medieval inquisitors functioned widely in northern Italy and southern France. The Spanish Inquisition was authorized by Sixtus IV in 1478; the pope later tried to limit its powers but was opposed by the Spanish crown. The auto-da-fé, the public ceremony at which sentences were pronounced, was an elaborate celebration, and the grand inquisitor Tomás de Torquemada was responsible for burning about 2,000 heretics at the stake. The Spanish Inquisition was also introduced into Mexico, Peru, Sicily (1517), and the Netherlands (1522), and it was not entirely suppressed in Spain until the early 19th century
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