The shogunate was overthrown in 1867 by supporters of Emperor Meiji. The following year, the emperor moved his court from Kyōto to Edo and renamed it Tōkyō: the Eastern Capital.
the capital and largest city of Japan, and its main financial and business centre. Population: 11,549,100 (1995). Japanese Tky formerly (until 1868) Edo City (pop., 2000 prelim.: city, 8,134,408; 2001 est.: metro. area, 12,138,000), capital of Japan, in east-central Honshu. The site, on Tokyo Bay, has been inhabited since ancient times, and the small fishing village of Edo existed there for centuries before it became the capital of the Tokugawa shogunate in 1603 (see Tokugawa period). By the 19th century it was one of the largest cities in the world, with a population exceeding 1,000,000. Under the Meiji Restoration, in 1868 it replaced Kyto as the imperial capital, and Edo was renamed Tokyo ("Eastern Capital"). A massive earthquake in 1923 destroyed most of the city and killed more than 100,000 people, but it was largely rebuilt by 1930. Much of it was again devastated by U.S. bombing during World War II and had to be reconstructed. The Summer Olympic Games were held there in 1964. Tokyo is the administrative, cultural, financial, commercial, and educational centre of Japan and the focus of an extensive urban complex that includes Kawasaki and Yokohama. Attractions include the Imperial Palace, encircled by stone-walled moats and broad gardens, and numerous temples and shrines. There are some 150 institutions of higher learning, including the University of Tokyo (1877). Tokyo Bay Tokyo Rose Tokyo Stock Exchange Tokyo University of Edo culture
Inlet, western Pacific Ocean. Located off the east-central coast of Honshu, Japan, it is about 30 mi (48 km) long and 23 mi (37 km) wide. It provides a spacious harbour area for several Japanese cities, including Tokyo, Yokohama, and Kawasaki. A highway connecting Kawasaki with Kisarazu (pop., 2000 prelim.: 122,766) on the opposite side of the bay was opened in 1997; it includes a bridge and an undersea tunnel that is 5.9 mi (9.5 km) long
{i} Japanese-American woman who was captured in Japan and forced to broadcast pro-Japanese propaganda to American soldiers during World War II but secretly helped American POWs
orig. Ikuko Toguri born July 4, 1916, Los Angeles, Calif., U.S. U.S. broadcaster. She was visiting Japan when she was stranded at the outbreak of World War II. In 1943 she began radio announcing for a propaganda program beamed at U.S. troops, and eventually she became one of 13 women announcers, all native speakers of American English, collectively known as Tokyo Rose. After the war she was convicted of treason and served six years in a U.S. prison. Mitigating information later came to light, and she was pardoned in 1977
Main stock market of Japan, located in Tokyo. It opened in 1878 to provide a market for the trading of government bonds newly issued to former samurai. Government bonds and gold and silver currencies initially formed the bulk of trade on the exchange, but the trading of stocks came to predominate by the 1920s and '30s. It was closed from 1945 to 1949, when it opened after being reorganized by the occupying U.S. authorities. Today it accounts for more than 90% of all securities transactions in Japan, and it is one of the world's largest marketplaces for securities. The Nikkei index is the key stock-market index in Tokyo
{i} International Military Tribunal for the Far East, IMTFE, trial that was held from May 3rd 1946 to November 12th 1948 to try the leaders of Japan for war crimes
State-financed university in Tokyo, the largest and most prestigious university in Japan. It was founded in 1877 and modeled on Western universities. It was destroyed in the great earthquake and fire of 1923 and reorganized following World War II. Today it has faculties of agriculture, economics, education, engineering, law, letters, medicine, pharmacology, and science, as well as a college of arts and sciences and a graduate school. Among its many research units are centres for the study of molecular and cellular biology, earthquakes, solid-state physics, cosmic radiation, oceanography, and Asian culture